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‘Not available in your region’: what is a VPN and how can I use one safely?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> “This video is not available in your location”. It’s a message familiar to many people trying to watch global content online. But beneath this frustration lies a deeper question – how do we navigate digital borders safely and ethically? As our digital lives expand, so too does our desire for access. Maybe you want to see the latest streaming shows before they arrive in your country. Maybe you’re a sports fan wanting to watch live broadcasts of international events. Or perhaps you need to log into your company’s secure intranet while at home or overseas. Enter the virtual private network (VPN) – a technology that’s become as essential as antivirus software for many. With many commercial and free VPN providers on the market, interest in these services <a href="https://www.comparitech.com/vpn/vpn-statistics/">has grown in recent years</a>. <h2>How does a VPN work?</h2> A <a href="https://computingaustralia.com.au/5-minute-helpdesk-what-is-a-vpn-and-why-should-i-use-one/">VPN</a> is like a secure tunnel between your device and the internet. When you use a VPN, your <a href="https://www.esafety.gov.au/key-topics/online-tools-and-features/encryption">internal traffic is scrambled into unreadable data</a> and routed through a remote server, which also masks your real IP address. Think of it like this: instead of sending a postcard with your return address, you send it in an envelope to a trusted friend overseas who mails it on your behalf. To anyone looking at the envelope, it looks like the message came from your friend and not you. This technique shields your identity, protects your data from snoopers, and tricks websites into thinking you are browsing from another location. While often marketed as <a href="https://www.le-vpn.com/australia-cyber-privacy-vpn/">tools for online privacy</a>, VPNs have grown popular for another reason: access. Many people use VPNs to access geo-blocked content, secure their internet activity, work remotely – <a href="https://www.cyber.gov.au/protect-yourself/staying-secure-online/security-tips-remote-working">especially when handling sensitive data</a> – and protect against online tracking and targeted advertising. <h2>VPNs are legal, if a bit grey</h2> VPN services are offered by dozens of providers globally. Companies such as NordVPN, ProtonVPN, ExpressVPN and Surfshark offer paid subscriptions with strong security guarantees. Free VPNs also exist but come with caveats (more on this in a moment). In <a href="https://us.norton.com/blog/privacy/are-vpns-legal">most countries</a>, including <a href="https://www.cyber.gov.au/protect-yourself/staying-secure-online/connecting-to-public-wi-fi">Australia</a>, using a VPN is completely legal. However, what makes it murky is what one might use it for. While using a VPN is legal, engaging in illegal activities while using one remains prohibited. Streaming services like Netflix or Disney+ license content by region. Using a VPN to access a foreign catalogue may violate their terms of service and potentially be grounds for account suspension. Australian law does not criminalise accessing geo-blocked content via VPN, but the copyright act does prohibit circumventing “technological protection measures” in certain cases. The grey area lies in enforcement. Technically, copyright law does ban getting around certain protections. However, the <a href="https://www.copyright.org.au/browse/book/ACC-Geoblocking%2C-VPNs-%26-Copyright-INFO127">latest advice does not mention</a> any cases where regular users have been taken to court for this kind of behaviour. So far, enforcement has mostly targeted websites and platforms that host or enable large-scale copyright infringement; not everyday viewers who want to watch a show a bit early. <h2>Beware of ‘free’ VPNs</h2> Not all VPNs are created equal. While premium services invest in strong encryption and privacy protections, free VPNs often make money by collecting user data – <a href="https://www.choice.com.au/electronics-and-technology/internet/connecting-to-the-internet/buying-guides/vpn-services">the very thing you may be trying to avoid</a>. Risks of unsafe VPNs include data leaks, injection of ads or trackers into your browsing, and malware and spyware, <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-25/viruses-spyware-found-in-alarming-number-of-android-vpn-apps/8210796">especially in free mobile apps</a> that claim to provide a VPN service. Using a poorly designed or dishonest VPN is like hiring a bodyguard who sells your location. It might give the impression of safety, but you may actually be more vulnerable than before. <h2>Okay, so how do I choose a VPN?</h2> With so many VPNs available, both free and paid, it can be hard to know which one to trust. If you are considering a VPN, here are five things to look for. <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/what-is-vpn/policy-towards-logs">No-log policy</a>. A trustworthy VPN should have a strict no-log policy, meaning it does not store any records of your internet activity, connection time or IP address. This ensures even if the VPN provider is hacked, subpoenaed or pressured by a government, they have nothing to hand over. Strong encryption standards. Encryption is what makes your data unreadable to anyone snooping on your connection, such as hackers on public WiFi or your internet provider. A somewhat technical thing to look out for is <a href="https://www.kiteworks.com/risk-compliance-glossary/aes-256-encryption/">AES 256-bit encryption</a> – it’s extremely secure and is used by banks and governments. Independent audits. Reliable VPN services <a href="https://vpncentral.com/nordvpn-reaffirms-no-log-claims-with-fifth-deloitte-audit/">voluntarily undergo third-party audits</a> to verify their privacy claims and the security of their infrastructure. Kill switch. A kill switch is a critical safety feature that automatically blocks internet traffic if the VPN connection drops. This prevents your real IP address and data from being exposed, even momentarily. Jurisdiction. VPNs are subject to the laws of the country they are based in. The countries in the <a href="https://cyberinsider.com/5-eyes-9-eyes-14-eyes/">Five Eyes intelligence alliance</a> (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and New Zealand) may legally compel providers to hand over user data. If a VPN service has a strict no-log policy and does not collect information about what you do online, then even under legal pressure, there is nothing to hand over. So, you are safe. In an era of growing surveillance, cybercrime and corporate data collection, VPNs are essential tools for reclaiming your online privacy and data. But like any tool, the effectiveness (and ethics) of VPNs depend on how you use them. Next time you fire up your VPN, ask yourself – am I just dodging a digital border, or actively protecting my online freedom?<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/256559/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/meena-jha-542776">Meena Jha</a>, Head Technology and Pedagogy Cluster CML-NET, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/cquniversity-australia-2140">CQUniversity Australia</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/not-available-in-your-region-what-is-a-vpn-and-how-can-i-use-one-safely-256559">original article</a>. </div>

Technology

Housemates charged with murder of missing teen Pheobe Bishop

Two housemates of missing teenager Pheobe Bishop have been charged with her murder, exactly three weeks after she vanished on her way to the airport in what police have called a suspicious disappearance. James Wood, 34, and Tanika Bromley, 33, were arrested in the Bundaberg area on Thursday night. They have each been charged with one count of murder and two counts of interfering with a corpse. Despite the arrests, Queensland Police said Pheobe’s remains have not yet been found. “The remains of Pheobe Bishop have not been located to date,” police said in a statement late Thursday. “Detectives continue to investigate this matter, and physical searches will continue as needed as information is provided.” Wood and Bromley are expected to appear in Bundaberg Magistrates Court on Friday. Seventeen-year-old Pheobe was last seen near Bundaberg Airport at around 8:30am on May 15. She had booked a flight to Western Australia to visit her boyfriend but never checked in, and CCTV confirmed she never entered the terminal. Her disappearance triggered a major police search across parts of southern Queensland, including the Gin Gin property where she lived with Wood and Bromley. That house, along with a grey Hyundai ix35 believed to have been used to take her to the airport, was declared a crime scene early in the investigation. The search also extended to Good Night Scrub National Park, about an hour from Bundaberg. Cadaver dogs, divers, and homicide detectives combed the remote bushland, seizing items believed to be linked to the case. Police believe some evidence may have been removed from the area before their arrival. Wood was briefly taken into custody on Wednesday before being released without charge – until his re-arrest the following evening. Both he and Bromley had previously faced unrelated weapons charges. Pheobe’s mother, Kylie Johnson, has been posting emotional updates on social media since her daughter disappeared, pleading for answers and clinging to hope. On Thursday night, after news of the murder charges broke, she said her family had been “shattered”. “Our world has just been shattered into the most horrific place I’ve ever been,” she wrote. “I need my baby home to put her to rest! I’m absolutely begging anyone that knows anything to come forward. We need to put her to rest, we need to put her to peace.” Throughout the past three weeks, Johnson has shared memories of Pheobe. “I don’t know if life will ever be the same again,” she wrote on Wednesday. “The emotional connection, love and friendship has always been unmatched and unquestioned.” Police have urged anyone with information about Pheobe’s disappearance or the whereabouts of her remains to come forward as the investigation continues. Images: Facebook / Qld Police

Legal

Most of us will leave behind a large ‘digital legacy’ when we die. Here’s how to plan what happens to it

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> Imagine you are planning the funeral music for a loved one who has died. You can’t remember their favourite song, so you try to login to their Spotify account. Then you realise the account login is inaccessible, and with it has gone their personal history of Spotify playlists, annual “wrapped” analytics, and liked songs curated to reflect their taste, memories, and identity. We tend to think about inheritance in physical terms: money, property, personal belongings. But the vast volume of digital stuff we accumulate in life and leave behind in death is now just as important – and this “<a href="https://digitallegacyassociation.org">digital legacy</a>” is probably more meaningful. Digital legacies are increasingly complex and evolving. They include now-familiar items such as social media and banking accounts, along with our stored photos, videos and messages. But they also encompass virtual currencies, behavioural tracking data, and even AI-generated avatars. This digital data is not only fundamental to our online identities in life, but to our inheritance in death. So how can we properly plan for what happens to it? <h2>A window into our lives</h2> Digital legacy is commonly classified into two categories: <a href="https://www.esafety.gov.au/key-topics/digital-wellbeing/what-happens-to-your-digital-accounts-after-you-die">digital assets and digital presence</a>. Digital assets include items with economic value. For example, domain names, financial accounts, monetised social media, online businesses, virtual currencies, digital goods, and personal digital IP. Access to these is spread across platforms, hidden behind passwords or restricted by privacy laws. Digital presence includes content with no monetary value. However, it may have great personal significance. For example, our photos and videos, social media profiles, email or chat threads, and other content archived in cloud or platform services. There is also data that might not seem like content. It may not even seem to belong to us. This includes analytics data such as health and wellness app tracking data. It also includes behavioural data such as location, search or viewing history collected from platforms such as Google, Netflix and Spotify. This data reveals patterns in our preferences, passions, and daily life that can hold intimate meaning. For example, knowing the music a loved one listened to on the day they died. Digital remains now also include scheduled <a href="https://go-paige.com/memories/">posthumous messages</a> or <a href="https://www.hereafter.ai">AI-generated avatars</a>. All of this raises both practical and ethical questions about identity, privacy, and corporate power over our digital afterlives. Who has the right to access, delete, or transform this data? <h2>Planning for your digital remains</h2> Just as we prepare wills for physical possessions, we need to plan for our digital remains. Without clear instructions, important digital data may be lost and inaccessible to our loved ones. In 2017, I helped develop key recommendations for <a href="https://accan.org.au/files/Grants/Death%20and%20the%20Internet_2017-web.pdf">planning your digital legacy</a>. These include: <ul> <li>creating an inventory of accounts and assets, recording usernames and login information, and if possible, downloading personal content for local storage</li> <li>specifying preferences in writing, noting wishes about what content should be preserved, deleted, or shared – and with whom</li> <li>using password managers to securely store and share access to information and legacy preferences</li> <li>designating a <a href="https://www.tonkinlaw.com/resources/digital-estate-planning-victoria-safeguarding-online-assets/">digital executor</a> who has legal authority to carry out your digital legacy wishes and preferences, ideally with legal advice</li> <li>using legacy features on available platforms, such as <a href="https://www.facebook.com/help/1070665206293088">Facebook’s Legacy Contact</a>, <a href="https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/3036546?hl=en">Google’s Inactive Account Manager</a>, or <a href="https://digital-legacy.apple.com">Apple’s Digital Legacy</a>.</li> </ul> <h2>What if your loved one left no plan?</h2> These steps may sound uncontroversial. But digital wills remain uncommon. And without them, managing someone’s digital legacy can be fraught with legal and technical barriers. Platform terms of service and privacy rules often prevent access by anyone other than the account holder. They can also require official documentation such as a death certificate before granting limited access to download or close an account. In such instances, gaining access will probably only be possible through imperfect workarounds, such as searching online for traces of someone’s digital life, attempting to use account recovery tools, or scouring personal documents for login information. <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WmQH27MNLz8?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <h2>The need for better standards</h2> Current platform policies have clear limitations for handling digital legacies. For example, policies are inconsistent. They are also typically limited to memorialising or deleting accounts. With no unified framework, service providers often prioritise data privacy over family access. Current tools prioritise visible content such as profiles or posts. However, they exclude less visible yet equally valuable (and often more meaningful) behavioural data such as listening habits. Problems can also arise when data is removed from its original platform. For example, photos from Facebook can lose their social and relational meaning without their associated comment threads, reactions, or interactivity. Meanwhile, emerging uses of posthumous data, especially AI-generated avatars, raise urgent issues about digital personhood, ownership, and possible harms. These “digital remains” may be stored indefinitely on commercial servers without standard protocols for curation or user rights. The result is a growing tension between personal ownership and corporate control. This makes digital legacy not only a matter of individual concern but one of digital governance. <a href="https://www.archivists.org.au/community/representation/standards-australias-committee-it-21-records-management-and-archives">Standards Australia</a> and the <a href="https://dcj.nsw.gov.au/news-and-media/media-releases-archive/2022/reform-to-allow-data-access-after-death.html">New South Wales Law Reform Commission</a> have recognised this. Both organisations are seeking <a href="https://lawreform.nsw.gov.au/documents/Current-projects/Digital%20assets/Preliminary%20submissions/PDI10.pdf">consultation</a> to develop frameworks that address inconsistencies in platform standards and user access. Managing our digital legacies demands more than practical foresight. It compels critical reflection on the infrastructures and values that shape our online afterlives.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/257121/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bjorn-nansen-102356">Bjorn Nansen</a>, Associate Professor, School of Computing and Information Systems, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/most-of-us-will-leave-behind-a-large-digital-legacy-when-we-die-heres-how-to-plan-what-happens-to-it-257121">original article</a>. Image: Pexels / Mart Production </div>

Mother accused of murdering daughter dies in hospital

An already deeply tragic case has taken a further heartbreaking turn with the death of a woman charged with the murder of her three-year-old daughter. <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/health/caring/chilling-new-details-emerge-after-qld-mother-s-alleged-murder" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lauren Ingrid Flanigan</a>, 32, was found unresponsive in her cell at the Brisbane Women’s Correctional Centre on Friday night. Despite being rushed to hospital, she died from her injuries overnight, Queensland Corrective Services confirmed. Flanigan had been in custody since last Monday, when she was arrested in the front yard of her Bundaberg home. Police were called to the property after reports of a seriously injured child. Her daughter, Sophia Rose, was found with multiple wounds and died at the scene despite desperate efforts to save her. The devastating loss of Sophia had already shocked the community. Now, just days later, Flanigan’s sudden death has left many struggling to make sense of the unfolding tragedy. “Queensland Corrective Services officers provided immediate assistance before paramedics transported the woman to hospital, where she died last night, June 1,” a QCS spokesperson said. “Support is being offered to the responding officers and their colleagues.” Police have confirmed that the Corrective Services Investigation Unit (CSIU) is examining the circumstances of Flanigan’s death, and a report will be prepared for the Coroner. Flanigan had not entered a plea and was scheduled to appear in court in July. Her death now leaves many unanswered questions, while intensifying the sorrow surrounding an already harrowing case. Sophia’s father, Jai Ruane, a FIFO worker at a Central Queensland coal mine, was not home at the time of the incident. He has since returned and is caring for his two other children. <a href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/bundaberg-homicide-investigation-murder-probe-launched-after-threeyearold-girl-found-dead-in-queensland/fd891d0d-9c31-46a9-9668-44cda55655e0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Speaking to 9NEWS</a>, Ruane shared memories of his “bubbly” little girl, who he described as the “light” of his life. “She was always smiling, always wanting to help, just so full of life and love. She just had such a huge heart,” he said. If you need help in a crisis, call Lifeline on 13 11 14. For further information about depression, contact beyondblue on 1300224636. Images: Instagram

Man charged with murder over house fire that killed 80-year-old

A 50-year-old man has been arrested and charged with murder following a deadly house fire that claimed the life of an 80-year-old man in Sydney’s inner west. Emergency services were called to the scene of the ferocious blaze on Irrara Street in Croydon at around 4am on Wednesday. The fire was so intense that it caused the roof of the single-storey brick home to collapse, forcing firefighters to retreat as they battled the flames. The body of Ted Grantham, 80, was found inside the property. He has been remembered by loved ones as a gentle and devoted family man who dedicated his life to music and service in the church, where he played the organ. Following the fire, a major police operation was launched to locate a man who also lived at the residence and was related to the victim. He was tracked down overnight in Woy Woy, on the NSW Central Coast, and was found to be carrying a concealed machete at the time of his arrest. The man has since been charged with murder. “This has been an intensive few hours to locate a man we believe can assist with our inquiries into what we allege is a suspicious fire,” said Superintendent Christine McDonald. “It really is tragic.” An elderly woman, believed to have left the home about three hours before the fire began, is also assisting police with their investigation. Authorities have confirmed that the victim, the arrested man, and the elderly woman are all related. Six fire trucks and nearly two dozen firefighters responded to the emergency, gaining entry through the back of the property due to the “intense” flames engulfing the front of the house. Video footage taken after the blaze shows the roof collapsed and extensive fire damage throughout the home. Superintendent McDonald said police are in contact with devastated family members. Investigations into the circumstances surrounding the fire continue. Images: Facebook

Legal

A quarter of a billion dollars in unclaimed Medicare rebates: here's how to claim them

More than a quarter of a billion dollars in unclaimed Medicare refunds are waiting to be returned to nearly a million Australians, with Services Australia urging people to check if they’re owed a share of the money. A staggering $260 million in Medicare rebates is currently unclaimed by 960,000 patients across the country. The unclaimed funds stem from GP and specialist visits where refunds were never processed due to incomplete or outdated bank account information. “You go to the doctor, you hand over your card and then you might not check what happens next,” said Justin Bott, community information officer at Services Australia. “Failing to follow up is what could be costing patients refunds they’re entitled to.” On a state-by-state basis, the figures remain eye-opening. Residents of New South Wales are owed $81 million, Victorians are missing $64 million, Queenslanders are due $51 million, Western Australians are entitled to $30 million, and South Australians could claim $19 million. The average unclaimed amount per person sits at around $265, but in some cases, individuals could receive over $10,000. One of the most affected demographics is young adults aged 18 to 25, who are often unaware of the need to update their details. The good news? The fix is simple. By logging into the MyGov portal and checking their Medicare account, Australians can update their bank details. Once updated, refunds are typically processed and deposited within three days. “It might not be you, but maybe it’s your child, your grandchild that has that money owing. Get them to check as well,” Bott urged. “Because again, what a great present to find that money being paid to them.” With hundreds of millions of dollars potentially just a few clicks away, Australians are being encouraged to act now and reclaim what is rightfully theirs. Image: Shutterstock

Money & Banking

Chilling new details emerge after Qld mother's alleged murder

The Queensland mother who has been charged with the alleged murder of her three-year-old daughter posted a series of disturbing and emotional messages to social media just days earlier that hinted at inner turmoil and a spiritual battle. Lauren Flanigan, 32, was <a href="https://oversixty.com.au/finance/legal/qld-mother-charged-with-murder-of-toddler-daughter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">taken into custody on Monday night</a> after police were called to a property in Moore Park Beach, near Bundaberg. Flanigan was present at the scene and arrested shortly after. A knife, believed by authorities to be the murder weapon, was found and seized. She was formally charged with murder on Tuesday. In the days leading up to the incident, Flanigan’s social media presence had taken on a concerning tone. Through a series of emotionally charged posts, she spoke of trauma, spirituality and defiance against "the system". In her final post, published just a day before her daughter's death, Flanigan wrote: “REMEMBER WHO YOU ARE. Not what the system told you. Not what your trauma whispered. Not the lies of fear. You are ROYALTY. You are CHOSEN. You are HOLY. You are a WARRIOR OF LIGHT.” She continued: “Train like it’s war – because it is. Discipline is deliverance. Refine your algorithm. Refine your soul. God is calling His army out of hiding. This is kingdom rising… No more delays. No more compromise. Tag your generals. It’s time to RISE.” Another post reflected on her role as a mother and her desire for a more meaningful life: “Time to watch my babies grow. Time to breathe. Time to live. Time to love,” she wrote. “I have given my life to serve. I have a beautiful little family who remind me of love daily.” Flanigan, who was known to be an active member of Bundaberg’s Alive Church, often shared religious and inspirational messages online. She frequently posted photos of her children, once calling them her “divine babies”, and reflected on spiritual metaphors during walks on the beach. One lengthy post, accompanied by a video of waves washing over seashells, read: “As I walked along the beach today… I began to notice the shells scattered along the shoreline. Each one completely unique… Some cracked. Some whole… And then I realised… We are like these shells.” The alleged murder has shocked the quiet regional community and sparked widespread sorrow and disbelief. Neighbours and community members are grappling with the tragedy, as investigations continue into the circumstances surrounding Sophia’s death. Flanigan remains in custody and is expected to appear in court later this week. Police have confirmed that mental health will be a key focus of their ongoing inquiries. Support is available from the National Sexual Assault, Domestic and Family Violence Counselling Service at 1800RESPECT (1800 737 732). Images: Facebook / Instagram

Caring

Qld mother charged with murder of toddler daughter

A Central Queensland community is reeling after a mother was charged with the alleged murder of her three-year-old daughter in a shocking incident that unfolded in the front yard of a home in Moore Park Beach, near Bundaberg. Lauren Ingrid Flanigan, 32, was arrested on Monday afternoon after emergency services responded to multiple triple-zero calls from concerned neighbours. Police and paramedics arrived at the Regency Road residence just before 5pm, where they discovered the young girl with multiple stab wounds. Despite their best efforts, she was pronounced dead at the scene. Flanigan, who was allegedly found by police in the front yard, was taken into custody and later charged with one count of murder. She did not appear in Bundaberg Magistrates Court on Tuesday when her case was briefly mentioned. The child's father, who was away for work at the time of the incident, has since returned home and is said to be devastated. Two other young children, aged one and two, were inside the home during the incident but were unharmed. They are now in the care of family members. Acting Superintendent Brad Inskip, visibly emotional during a press conference, described the scene as "horrific" and said a knife was recovered from the property, which has since been declared a crime scene. Forensic and scientific officers are continuing their investigation. “This is not something any of us ever want to attend,” Inskip said. “It’s a terrible, terrible incident for everybody involved —–the witnesses, the neighbours and the first responders.” Flanigan had previously shared her joy about becoming a mother on social media. In 2021, she posted photos of her baby bump during her pregnancy, expressing excitement about the journey to motherhood. “16 weeks pregnant and totally loving becoming your mama my sweet girl,” she wrote in one post. In another, she called becoming a mum a “rapid transformation in every way.” Photos from her online presence also show the child smiling with her parents and celebrating her first birthday in 2022 with a rose-decorated cake. Flanigan had also been vocal online about causes such as domestic violence awareness and the importance of flexible work options for mothers. Inskip said police are working closely with the Bundaberg Regional Council and community services to offer welfare support to those affected, including emergency responders and neighbours. “This has shocked the entire community,” he said. “Support is available, and we encourage anyone impacted to seek help.” Flanigan remains in custody, and investigations into the incident are ongoing. Support is available from the National Sexual Assault, Domestic and Family Violence Counselling Service at 1800RESPECT (1800 737 732). Images: Facebook / Instagram

Legal

How to get started investing later in life

For some people – particularly women – investing may not have been an option until now, constrained by a lack of income while raising children or low incomes leaving nothing to invest once the bills were paid. Others find a new-found need to invest later in life, such as after a separation, inability to work through illness or injury, or the sudden death of their partner. No matter your reason for exploring investing later in life, the following pointers will get you on your way to building financial independence and a comfortable retirement. Update your strategy When was the last time you updated your spending and investment plan (or household budget)? It may have been before the kids left home, your mortgage was paid off, or you began transitioning into part-time retirement. If so, your living costs have changed significantly – work expenses, home energy consumption, groceries etc. Furthermore, your goals, healthcare and lifestyle needs may also have changed. Update your strategy to align with your current goals, values, income and spending habits. Only then will you understand how much you can afford to invest and where to direct those funds. Right-size your superannuation In your later years, super is likely to be front of mind. Ensure this investment works its hardest for you by scrutinising its: • Structure: retail or industry fund? SMSF? Each has its own costs and benefits to contemplate. • Investments: reexamine the types of assets held, level of diversification and risk weighting. • Insurances: do you have adequate life, permanent disability and income protection cover? • Take advantage of superannuation strategies you may not be aware of Unlock home equity The biggest source of money you likely have at this stage of life is equity in your home. This can be used to invest with minimal impact on your everyday finances. In fact, unused equity is effectively dead money (until you sell the property). I always urge caution on reverse mortgages. In theory, they seem like a great way of unlocking equity without saddling you with regular repayments. However, they typically: • accumulate more debt. • have higher interest rates than standard mortgages. • only grant access to a portion of your equity. • can restrict your options to downsize later. • could leave you with no remaining equity when you sell the property or nothing to leave to your benefactors when you pass away. Consider downsizing An alternative to refinancing is downsizing from the family home. As well as unlocking money for investing, you benefit from lower upkeep costs (and cleaning!) on a smaller property and can make a lifestyle change at the same time (moving nearer to family, away from bustling cities, or into supported care if required). Additionally, you may be able to use part of the sale proceeds (up to $300,000) to turbocharge your super with a one-off <a href="https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/super-for-individuals-and-families/super/growing-and-keeping-track-of-your-super/how-to-save-more-in-your-super/downsizer-super-contributions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">downsizer contribution</a>. Examine pension impacts Investing can impact your ability to claim the age pension when you retire, and how much you receive. This often comes to bite people who unlock equity in their home to invest, without realising that doing so means the money suddenly counts towards the pension means test. Before doing anything, methodically weigh up which will leave you financially better off – claiming a full or part pension, or self-funding your retirement through investments. Minimise tax Hefty tax bills can easily wipe out any investment returns, making tax a crucial factor in your decision-making. Potential tax considerations to factor into your strategy include: • Determining the most tax-effective ownership structure (e.g. do you invest in your or partner’s name? Through your super? Through a trust or company? • Incorporating stamp duty into purchase costs. • Ensuring there is enough profit from the sale of an investment to cover Capital Gains Tax (CGT) and income tax liabilities before deciding to sell. • Timing a sale to fall within the optimal financial year (e.g. in a year where your taxable income is lower or when relevant tax changes come into effect). Invest in knowledge Later in life, you have fewer working years remaining to recover any losses. Given the far-reaching implications of investing, I highly recommend first speaking to a financial adviser. Many times the fees are paid for in initial tax savings. They can help you maximise your returns, minimise your tax, ensure you don’t inadvertently leave yourself worse off and give you peace of mind. After all, the whole point of investing is to make money. And, without current professional advice, you simply don’t know what you don’t know! Helen Baker is a licensed Australian financial adviser and author of the new book, Money For Life: How to build financial security from firm foundations (Major Street Publishing $32.99). Helen is among the 1% of financial planners who hold a master’s degree in the field. Proceeds from book sales are donated to charities supporting disadvantaged women and children. Find out more at <a href="http://www.onyourowntwofeet.com.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.onyourowntwofeet.com.au</a> Disclaimer: The information in this article is of a general nature only and does not constitute personal financial or product advice. Any opinions or views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of people, institutions or organisations the owner may be associated with in a professional or personal capacity unless explicitly stated. Helen Baker is an authorised representative of BPW Partners Pty Ltd AFSL 548754.

Retirement Income

Seven things to eat or avoid to lower your blood pressure

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> High blood pressure is called the silent killer. That’s because it has <a href="http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/SymptomsDiagnosisMonitoringofHighBloodPressure/What-are-the-Symptoms-of-High-Blood-Pressure_UCM_301871_Article.jsp#.V7OWWI9OI2w">no symptoms</a>. Having high blood pressure (hypertension) increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease. Six million Australian adults (34%) have high blood pressure – 140/90 millimetres of mercury (mmHg) or more – or take medications for it. Of those, <a href="https://heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/publications/PRO-167_Hypertension-guideline-2016_WEB.pdf">four million have high blood pressure that isn’t treated or under control</a>. No wonder heart disease and stroke directly cost the Australian economy <a href="http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129546379">A$7.7 billion a year</a>. There is some good news. High blood pressure can be treated or prevented. Eating oats, fruit and vegetables – and beetroot, in particular – helps. So does avoiding salt, liquorice, caffeine and alcohol. Optimal blood pressure is <a href="https://theconversation.com/blood-pressure-targets-what-does-the-new-guideline-say-and-how-low-should-you-go-62684">120 mmHg or less</a> over 80 mmHg or less. Lowering it by 1-2 mmHg can have a big impact on reducing your risk of heart disease and stroke, and the nation’s health care costs. <h2>What to eat to lower your blood pressure</h2> Rolled oats A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25668347">review with five research trials included</a> tested the impact of oats on systolic blood pressure (the first blood pressure number, which is the pressure at which the heart pumps blood) and diastolic blood pressure (the second number, which is when the heart relaxes) in about 400 healthy adults. The researchers found that systolic blood pressure was 2.7 mmHg lower and diastolic blood pressure was 1.5 mmHg lower when participants ate around 60 grams of rolled oats (a packed half-cup raw oats) or 25 grams of oat bran per day. This quantity of oats or oat bran contains around four grams of a type of fibre called <a href="http://www.healthline.com/health/beta-glucan-heart-healthy">beta-glucan</a>. For each extra one gram of total daily fibre, there was an extra 0.11 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Recommended <a href="https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/dietary-fibre">minimum daily adult fibre intakes</a> are 30 grams for men and 25 grams for women. While some of fibre’s effect is due to weight loss, soluble fibres produce bioactive products when they’re fermented in the large bowel. These work directly to lower blood pressure. To improve your blood pressure, eat rolled oats or oat bran for breakfast, add to meat patties, or mix with breadcrumbs in recipes that call for crumbing. Beetroot Beetroot is extremely rich in a compound called inorganic nitrate. During digestion, this gets converted into nitric oxide, which causes arteries to dilate. This directly lowers the pressure in them. A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23596162">review of 16 trials</a> of mostly healthy young men found drinking beetroot juice was associated with a 4.4 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure. But it found no change in diastolic blood pressure. However a recent <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25421976">trial in 68 adults</a> who already had high blood pressure found beetroot juice reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The men were randomly assigned to drink 250ml (one cup) of beetroot juice daily for four weeks or a non-active placebo. Blood pressure in the men who drank the beetroot juice reduced over 24 hours, with systolic blood pressure 7.7 mmHg lower and diastolic blood pressure 5.2 mmHg lower. Try wrapping whole fresh beetroot in foil and baking in the oven until soft, or grate beetroot and stir-fry with red onion and curry paste and eat as a relish. Vitamin C Vitamin C, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C">ascorbic acid</a>, is found in fresh vegetables and fruit. An average serve contains 10-40mg of vitamin C. In a review of 29 short-term <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22492364">trials of vitamin C supplements</a>, people were given 500 mg of vitamin C per day for about eight weeks. Blood pressure significantly improved, with an average reduction in systolic blood pressure of 3.84 mmHg and 1.48 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> When only those with existing high blood pressure were considered, the drop in systolic blood pressure was 4.85 mmHg. However, those <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26463139">at risk of kidney stones</a> need to be cautious about taking vitamin C supplements. Excess vitamin C is excreted via the kidneys and can contribute to the formation of kidney stones. One advantage of getting more vitamin C from eating more vegetables and fruit is that you boost your potassium intake, which helps <a href="http://www.bloodpressureuk.org/microsites/salt/Home/Whypotassiumhelps">counter the effects of sodium</a> from salt. <h2>What to avoid to lower your blood pressure</h2> Salt Salt or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt">sodium chloride</a> has been used to preserve foods and as a flavour enhancer for centuries. High salt intakes are <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/312/7041/1249?ijkey=cd4b7840cc559055a2997d90100361217218f6e8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha">associated with higher blood pressure</a>. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Adults <a href="https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/sodium">need between 1.2 to 2.4g of salt each day</a> (one-quarter to a half teaspoon), which is equivalent to 460 to 920mg of sodium. But in Australia seven out of ten men and three in ten women eat way more than that – and much more than the upper recommended limit of 5.9 grams of salt (about one teaspoon) or <a href="http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4364.0.55.008%7E2011-12%7EMain%20Features%7ESodium%7E403">2,300 mg of sodium per day</a>. If you add salt to food yourself this pushes your sodium intake even higher. A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558162">review of studies</a> involving 3,230 people showed that reducing salt intakes by 4.4 grams a day could reduce systolic blood pressure by about 4.2 mmHg and diastolic by 2.1 mmHg. In those who had high blood pressure there were even bigger reductions of 5.4 mmHg (systolic) and 2.8 mmHg (diastolic). Avoid foods high in sodium. Don’t add salt and try to choose lower-salt versions of processed foods. Alcohol Consuming one or more alcoholic drink a day is <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15752957">associated with systolic blood pressure</a> that is about 2.7 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 1.4 mmHg higher than non-drinkers. Interestingly, when you first drink an alcoholic beverage, blood pressure goes down, only to rise later. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> A rise in blood pressure after drinking alcohol is <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26123682">more likely to happen when you’re awake</a>, rather during sleep. The bad news is that larger amounts of alcohol increase your risk of high blood pressure, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126352">especially in men</a>, but also to a lesser extent <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19804464">in women</a>. Liquorice High blood pressure due to eating black liquorice is rare, but <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26380428">case reports have occurred</a>. Most liquorice candy sold currently contains very little true liquorice root and therefore, little <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycyrrhizin">glycyrrhizic acid</a> (GZA), the active ingredient. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Occasionally, liquorice candy does contain GZA in large amounts. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10944880">GZA causes sodium retention and potassium loss</a>, which contributes to high blood pressure. So check liquorice food labels. Take care if it contains liquorice root. Caffeine Caffeine is most commonly consumed in coffee, tea, cola and energy drinks. High intakes of caffeine from coffee <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880846">increase blood pressure</a> in the short term. <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> In a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880846">review of five trials</a>, people given one to two cups of strong coffee had an increase in their systolic blood pressure of 8.1 mmHg and 5.7 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, up to about three hours after drinking it. But three studies that lasted two weeks found drinking coffee did not increase blood pressure compared with decaffeinated coffee or avoiding caffeine. So you need to monitor your individual response to caffeine.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/63940/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tracy-burrows-172931">Tracy Burrows</a>, Senior Lecturer Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tracy-schumacher-295602">Tracy Schumacher</a>, Research Associate, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/seven-things-to-eat-or-avoid-to-lower-your-blood-pressure-63940">original article</a>. Image: St Mary's Healthcare System </div>

Caring

What is a blood cholesterol ratio? And what should yours be?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> Have you had a blood test to check your cholesterol level? These check the different blood fat components: <ul> <li>total cholesterol</li> <li>LDL (low-density lipoprotein), which is sometimes called “bad cholesterol”</li> <li>HDL (high-density lipoprotein), which is sometimes called “good cholesterol”</li> <li>triglycerides.</li> </ul> Your clinician then compares your test results to normal ranges – and may use ratios to compare different types of cholesterol. <iframe id="8KC9s" class="tc-infographic-datawrapper" style="border: 0;" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/8KC9s/6/" width="100%" height="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This is a broad term that includes disease of blood vessels throughout the body, arteries in the heart (known as coronary heart disease), heart failure, heart valve conditions, arrhythmia and stroke. So what does cholesterol do? And what does it mean to have a healthy cholesterol ratio? <h2>What are blood fats?</h2> Cholesterol is a waxy type of fat made in the liver and gut, with a small amount of pre-formed cholesterol coming from food. Cholesterol is found in all cell membranes, contributing to their structure and function. Your body <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513326/">uses cholesterol to make</a> vitamin D, bile acid, and hormones, including oestrogen, testosterone, cortisol and aldosterone. When there is too much cholesterol in your blood, it gets deposited into artery walls, making them hard and narrow. This process is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis">atherosclerosis</a>. Cholesterol is <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513326/">packaged with</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglyceride">triglycerides</a> (the most common type of fat in the body) and specific <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein">“apo” proteins</a> into “lipo-proteins” as a package called “very-low-density” lipoproteins (VLDLs). These are transported via the blood to body tissue in a form called low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Excess cholesterol can be transported back to the liver by high-density lipoprotein, the HDL, for removal from circulation. Another less talked about blood fat is Lipoprotein-a, or Lp(a). This is determined by your genetics and <a href="https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/high-cholesterol">not influenced by lifestyle factors</a>. About one in five (<a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2021/may/lipid-management-and-implications-for-australian-g">20%</a>) of Australians are carriers. Having a high Lp(a) level is an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor. <h2>Knowing your numbers</h2> Your blood fat levels <a href="https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/your-heart/high-blood-cholesterol">are affected by</a> both modifiable factors: <ul> <li>dietary intake</li> <li>physical activity</li> <li>alcohol</li> <li>smoking</li> <li>weight status.</li> </ul> And non-modifiable factors: <ul> <li>age</li> <li>sex</li> <li>family history.</li> </ul> <iframe id="S7Xp4" class="tc-infographic-datawrapper" style="border: 0;" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/S7Xp4/1/" width="100%" height="400px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no"></iframe> <h2>What are cholesterol ratios?</h2> Cholesterol ratios are sometimes used to provide more detail on the balance between different types of blood fats and to evaluate risk of developing heart disease. Commonly used ratios include: <h2>1. Total cholesterol to HDL ratio</h2> This ratio is used in Australia to <a href="https://www.cvdcheck.org.au/calculator">assess risk of heart disease</a>. It’s calculated by dividing your total cholesterol number by your HDL (good) cholesterol number. A higher ratio (<a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cholesterol-ratio-calculator#how-to-calculate">greater than 5</a>) is associated with a higher risk of heart disease, whereas a lower ratio is associated with a lower risk of heart disease. A <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36589799/">study</a> of 32,000 Americans over eight years found adults who had either very high, or very low, total cholesterol/HDL ratios were at 26% and 18% greater risk of death from any cause during the study period. Those with a ratio of greater than 4.2 had a 13% higher risk of death from heart disease than those with a ratio lower than 4.2. <h2>2. Non-HDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio (NHHR)</h2> Non-HDL cholesterol is the total cholesterol minus HDL. Non-HDL cholesterol includes all blood fats such as LDL, triglycerides, Lp(a) and others. This ratio is abbreviated as NHHR. This ratio has been used more recently because it compares the ratio of “bad” blood fats that can contribute to atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) to “good” or anti-atherogenic blood fats (HDL). Non-HDL cholesterol is a <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31170997/">stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease risk</a> than LDL alone, while <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37228232/">HDL is associated with</a> lower cardiovascular disease risk. Because this ratio removes the “good” cholesterol from the non-HDL part of the ratio, it is not penalising those people who have really high amounts of “good” HDL that make up their total cholesterol, which the first ratio does. Research has suggested this ratio may be a stronger <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39949279/">predictor of atherosclerosis in women than men</a>, however more research is needed. Another <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39415313">study</a> followed more than 10,000 adults with type 2 diabetes from the United States and Canada for about five years. The researchers found that for each unit increase in the ratio, there was around a 12% increased risk of having a heart attack, stroke or death. They identified a risk threshold of 6.28 or above, after adjusting for other risk factors. Anyone with a ratio greater than this is at very high risk and would require management to lower their risk of heart disease. <h2>3. LDL-to-HDL cholesterol ratio</h2> LDL/HDL is calculated by dividing your LDL cholesterol number by the HDL number. This gives a ratio of “bad” to “good” cholesterol. A lower ratio (<a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/cholesterol-ratio-calculator#how-to-calculate">ideal is less than 2.0</a>) is associated with a lower risk of heart disease. While there is lesser focus on LDL/HDL, these ratios have been shown to be predictors of occurrence and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35843962/">severity of heart attacks</a> in patients presenting with chest pain. If you’re worried about your cholesterol levels or cardiovascular disease risk factors and are aged 45 and over (or over 30 for First Nations people), consider seeing your GP for a Medicare-rebated <a href="https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/your-heart/heart-health-checks">Heart Health Check</a>.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/253126/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/clare-collins-7316">Clare Collins</a>, Laureate Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/erin-clarke-1314081">Erin Clarke</a>, Postdoctoral Researcher, Nutrition and Dietetics, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-newcastle-1060">University of Newcastle</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-a-blood-cholesterol-ratio-and-what-should-yours-be-253126">original article</a>. Image: Everlabs </div>

Caring

"It's simple": Sussan Ley reveals stance on Welcome to Country

Newly elected Liberal leader <a href="https://oversixty.com.au/finance/legal/sussan-ley-elected-first-female-leader-of-the-liberal-party" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sussan Ley </a>has called on her party to modernise and reconnect with contemporary Australian values following one of its worst electoral defeats in history. In her first press conference since defeating Angus Taylor for the leadership, Ms Ley pledged a fresh approach to politics, saying the Liberal Party must "respect, reflect, and represent modern Australia". “We have to meet the people where they are. And that’s what I am committed to doing and what I am determined to do,” she said. “I want to do things differently, and we have to have a fresh approach.” Ley described her election to the party’s top job as an “enormous privilege”, adding: “I am humbled. I am honoured. And I am up for the job.” The leadership transition follows a bruising election campaign that saw the Liberals suffer significant losses, prompting calls for renewal and deeper engagement with a changing electorate. Cultural recognition also emerged as a flashpoint during the campaign’s final days, with controversy over audience reactions to Welcome to Country ceremonies. Addressing the issue head-on, Ms Ley called for authenticity in cultural acknowledgements. “With respect to Welcome to Country, it’s simple: if it’s meaningful, if it matters, if it resonates, then it’s in the right place,” she said. “If it is done in a way that is ticking a box on a Teams meeting then I don’t think it is relevant. It actually diminishes the value of what it is.” On the issue of national symbols, Ms Ley said she frequently stands in front of the Indigenous flag but would prefer to see Australians united under a single banner. “We should unite under the one Australian flag, that is my firm view,” she stated. Ms Ley now faces the challenge of steering a divided and diminished Liberal Party toward renewal, with pressure mounting to appeal to a broader, more diverse Australia. Her leadership marks a potential turning point for the party as it seeks to rebuild and redefine its identity in opposition. Image: Instagram

Legal

Mother charged with murder after deadly house fire kills three children

A 36-year-old Queensland mother has been charged with multiple counts of murder after a devastating house fire in Toowoomba claimed the lives of three of her children, in what police believe was a deliberately lit blaze. The fatal fire broke out just after midnight last Wednesday at the family's home in Harristown, engulfing the property before emergency services could bring it under control. When fire crews arrived, the house was already consumed by flames. Tragically, a young boy was found dead near the front door of the home. His two sisters, also young children, were rescued from the fire in critical condition and rushed to Queensland Children’s Hospital. Despite efforts to save them, both girls later died after being taken off life support. Queensland Police allege the children’s mother intentionally started the fire. In a statement on Tuesday, police confirmed she has been charged with three counts of murder (domestic violence offence), three counts of attempted murder (domestic violence offence), and one count of arson. Two other children survived the blaze, as did the woman’s 34-year-old partner. Investigators have ruled out the involvement of any other suspects, though police say the investigation remains ongoing. “This is an incredibly tragic incident that has deeply affected the community,” a police spokesperson said. “Our thoughts are with the surviving family members and all those impacted by this devastating loss.” The woman is expected to appear in court as the legal process continues. Images: 7 News / Facebook

Legal

What is grounding and can it improve your sleep?

<div class="theconversation-article-body">Have you ever felt an unexpected sense of calm while walking barefoot on grass? Or noticed your stress begin to fade as you stood ankle deep in the ocean? If so, you may have unknowingly “grounded” yourself to the earth. Grounding, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417022001573">also known as earthing</a>, is the practice of making direct physical contact with the Earth’s surface. Our ancestors embraced this trend without knowing it. But with the invention of indoor homes, footpaths, roads, and even shoes, we have become <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/291541">less physically connected with the earth</a>. Grounding has been suggested to have <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/grounding">a number of benefits</a>, such as improving mood, and reducing stress and pain. But overall, there’s limited conclusive evidence on the benefits of grounding. Somewhat ironically, the concept of grounding in 2025 is heavily influenced by technology, rather than getting out into nature. Consumers are being hit with social media reels promoting a range of technologies that ground us, and improve our health. Among the most common are promises of improved sleep with the use of a grounding sheet or mat. But is this just another TikTok trend, or could these products really help us get a better night’s sleep? <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/reel/DHne7CasELA/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/DHne7CasELA/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Grounding (@groundingofficial)</a> </div> </blockquote> <h2>Bringing the outdoors in</h2> The <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417022001585">human body is conductive</a>, which means it can exchange electricity with Earth and artificial sources, such as electronic devices or objects. (Sometimes, this exchange can result in an electric or <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-do-i-get-static-shocks-from-everyday-objects-is-it-my-shoes-240554">static shock</a>.) Proponents of grounding <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550830719305476">claim the practice reconnects</a> “the conductive human body to the Earth’s natural and subtle surface electric charge”. They credit this process with physiological and psychological benefits (but again, the evidence is limited). Grounding technologies can vary in type (for example, under-desk foot mats, mattress toppers and bed sheets) but all are designed to provide a path for electric charges to flow between your body and the earth. The bottom prong you see in your three-prong wall socket is a “ground” or “earth” terminal. It provides a direct connection to earth via your building’s wiring, diverting excess or unsafe voltage into the ground. This protects you and your devices from potential <a href="https://store.standards.org.au/reader/as-nzs-3112-2017?preview=1&utm">electrical faults</a>. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/1/57">Grounding technology</a> uses this terminal as a pathway for the proposed electrical exchange between you and earth, while in the comfort of your home. <h2>Could grounding improve your sleep?</h2> The research in this area is still emerging. A <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212958825000059">2025 study</a> from Korea recruited 60 participants, gave half of them a grounding mat, and gave the other half a visually identical mat that didn’t have grounding technology. The researchers used a “double-blind” protocol, meaning neither the participants nor the researchers knew which participants were given grounding mats. All participants wore sleep trackers and were asked to use their mat (that is, sit or lie on it) for six hours per day. The researchers found that after 31 days, participants in the grounding mat group slept longer on average (as measured by their sleep trackers) than those in the control group. The researchers also used questionnaires to collect measures of insomnia, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and stress. After 31 days, participants in both groups improved on all measures. There were no differences between the grounded and ungrounded groups for sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and stress. And while grounded participants showed significantly lower insomnia severity after the intervention, this difference was also present at the start of the study. So it’s unclear if grounding had a tangible impact on sleep. In another double-blind study, published in 2022, researchers in Taiwan examined the effectiveness of using grounding mats to improve sleep among patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The findings indicated that spending <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/3/581">30 minutes on a grounding mat</a> five times per week resulted in improved sleep quality. While previous research has suggested using grounding technologies may lead to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25748085/">improvements in mood</a>, no differences were seen in measures of anxiety and depression in this study. <h2>Grounding for gains?</h2> Grounding technology has also been touted as <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@down_to_ground/video/7310937768811597074?q=grounding%20mattress&t=1742787657768">having other benefits</a>, such as reducing pain and inflammation. A <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00035">2019 study</a> found participants who slept on a grounding mat after intense exercise felt less sore and showed lower levels of inflammation in their blood compared to those who were ungrounded. Grounding after a workout may help you feel better and recover faster, but it’s still unclear whether and how grounding affects long-term training results or fitness gains. <h2>Add to cart?</h2> So should you cash in on your favourite influencer’s discount code and grab a grounding mat? At the risk of spouting a common cliche of cautious scientists, our answer is that we don’t know yet. What we do know is the existing research, albeit emerging, has shown no evidence grounding technology can negatively affect your sleep or recovery after exercise. So if you love your grounding mat or grounding sheet, or want to see if grounding works for you, feel free to give it a go. Keep in mind, grounding products can retail for anywhere from around A$30 to $300 or more. On the other hand, grounding on the grass in the great outdoors is free. While there’s limited evidence that grounding outdoors can improve sleep, spending time in outdoor light may itself benefit <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34488088/">sleep, regulate circadian rhythms</a>, and improve mood. Finally, while grounding could be an interesting strategy to try, if you’re experiencing ongoing problems with your sleep, or suspect you may have a sleep disorder, the first step should be reaching out to a medical professional, such as your GP.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/253347/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/dean-j-miller-808724">Dean J. Miller</a>, Senior Lecturer, Appleton Institute, HealthWise Research Group, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/cquniversity-australia-2140">CQUniversity Australia</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/charlotte-gupta-347235">Charlotte Gupta</a>, Senior Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Appleton Institute, HealthWise Research Group, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/cquniversity-australia-2140">CQUniversity Australia</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-grounding-and-could-it-improve-my-sleep-heres-the-science-behind-this-tiktok-trend-253347">original article</a>. Images: Instagram </div>

Body

Can drinking champagne reduce your risk of sudden cardiac arrest?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> “My only regret in life is that I didn’t drink enough champagne,” the English economist and philosopher John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) is reported to have said. As it turns out, there may be a surprising ounce of truth to that quote. Picture this: a glass of champagne – bubbly, crisp and, for many, reserved for toasts and celebrations. Now imagine it being mentioned in the same sentence as a way to help prevent <a href="https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/cardiac-arrest">sudden cardiac arrest</a>: a condition where the heart abruptly stops beating, killing tens of thousands each year, often without warning. Sounds too good to be true, right? Yet, <a href="https://onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(25)00171-0/fulltext">a Canadian study</a> has uncovered a curious link. Using data from over half a million people in the health research database the <a href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/">UK Biobank</a>, researchers found that those who consumed moderate amounts of white wine or champagne had a lower risk of experiencing sudden cardiac arrest. Surprising, especially given the widely held belief <a href="https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/2/173/7920813?login=false#google_vignette">that red wine</a>, not white, is what benefits the heart. <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9JvI392Iep8?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> To rule out coincidence, the researchers double-checked their findings using genetic data – and the connection seemed to hold firm. This suggests there might be more to the story than chance alone. The study didn’t stop at wine. It explored more than 100 lifestyle and environmental factors tied to sudden cardiac arrest, including diet, exercise, air pollution, emotional wellbeing, body composition and education levels – all of which have been independently associated with risk. The conclusion? Up to 63% of sudden cardiac arrest cases could potentially be prevented by addressing these risk factors. Among all the protective factors identified, a few stood out: fruit consumption, regular computer use (yes, really) and moderate drinking of white wine or champagne were all linked to a reduced risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Why? That remains uncertain. One theory is that white wine contains antioxidants that may support heart health. Another possibility is that people who drink these types of beverages may also be more affluent and more likely to engage in other healthy behaviour, such as eating well, exercising regularly – and have access to better healthcare. But before you pop a cork in celebration, a word of caution: alcohol remains a complex and often contradictory player in heart health. Other large-scale studies suggest a <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j909">U-shaped relationship</a> between alcohol and cardiovascular disease. Non-drinkers may have a certain level of risk, moderate drinkers of one glass of wine a day <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7020057/">may see</a> some benefit, but heavy drinking sharply increases the risk of high blood pressure, stroke and heart failure. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.10.022">One observational study</a> involving over 400,000 participants even found that moderate drinking could raise the risk of <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arrhythmia/">arrhythmias</a>, which in some cases can lead to sudden death. So while champagne may offer a hopeful glimmer, it’s no magic bullet. The study’s broader message was clear: it’s the overall lifestyle that matters most. Better sleep, regular physical activity and <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-heart-patients-have-trouble-sticking-to-a-healthy-diet-and-3-things-that-help-them-eat-better-239172">a balanced diet</a> significantly reduced the risk of sudden cardiac arrest – and could prevent nearly one in five cases. <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jdgYN1QgKng?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> On the flip side, obesity, high blood pressure and chronic stress were among the strongest risk factors, along with lower education levels and exposure to air pollution. These findings underscore that preventing sudden cardiac arrest isn’t just about personal habits: it’s also about the environments we live in and the policies that shape them. Cleaner air, better education and easier access to nutritious food could all play a role. Sudden cardiac arrest is not entirely random. Many of the contributing factors are within our control. Managing stress, staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, getting quality sleep – and yes, perhaps enjoying the occasional glass of white wine – can all help. But the real power lies in stacking small, healthy choices over time. Prevention is rarely about a single change; it’s about the cumulative effect of many. And in case you were wondering: Keynes suffered a series of heart attacks in 1946, beginning during negotiations for the <a href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2020/12/07/whats-the-context-signing-the-anglo-american-financial-agreement-6-december-1945/">Anglo-American loan</a> in Savannah, Georgia. He described the process as “absolute hell”. A few weeks after returning to his farmhouse in Firle, East Sussex, he died of a heart attack at the age of 62. Maybe he was right about drinking more champagne after all.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/255708/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-c-gaze-312661">David C. Gaze</a>, Senior Lecturer in Chemical Pathology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-westminster-916">University of Westminster</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/can-drinking-champagne-reduce-your-risk-of-sudden-cardiac-arrest-heres-why-its-only-a-small-part-of-the-story-255708">original article</a>. Image: Shutterstock </div>

Caring

Lauren Zonfrillo speaks on husband Jock’s sudden death

In a moment that has resonated with grief across Australia and beyond, Lauren Zonfrillo has spoken publicly for the first time about the devastating loss of her husband, celebrated chef and MasterChef Australia judge Jock Zonfrillo. Zonfrillo, just 46 years old, was found dead in a Melbourne hotel room in May 2023. The suddenness of his passing left his family shattered – his wife Lauren and their two young children were on the other side of the world in Italy when they received the unimaginable news. Since then, many questions have lingered, especially around the cause of his death. But Lauren has now made it clear: those details will remain private. Speaking in an emotional interview with Liz Hayes for 7NEWS Spotlight, Lauren shared how she and the coroner agreed not to make Jock’s cause of death public – a decision made out of respect, protection and love. “We spoke to the coroner multiple times because the inquest took a while,” she said. “It was just sort of agreed that for the privacy and safety of our family... that it wouldn’t be in the public’s best interest or our best interest, and that was determined well before the report was finalised.” In Victoria, coronial findings are not always made public, and discretion can be used if deemed to be in the public interest. Earlier this year, it was confirmed that the investigation into Zonfrillo’s death was concluded in August 2024, with no report to be released. While some sources close to the family have said the beloved chef died of natural causes, Lauren said it was her desire to shield her family from further public scrutiny – and to preserve some part of the man who, to them, was far more than a television personality. “Up until Jock’s death, yes, he was a public figure,” she said. “But, since we lost Jock, I’d been trying to reclaim some of his privacy… to give him some peace as much as I can. To us, he’s Dad, Papa, husband – and he’s not a public figure to us anymore.” As tributes to Jock continue to pour in, the grief of his family remains raw – and the privacy they seek a small comfort in the shadow of profound loss. Images: 7NEWS Spotlight

Caring

Why are political parties allowed to send spam texts? And how can we make them stop?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> Another election, another wave of unsolicited political texts. Over this campaign, our digital mailboxes have been stuffed with a slew of political appeals and promises, many from the new party Trumpet of Patriots (backed by Clive Palmer, a <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-11/clive-palmer-united-australia-party-unsolicited-text-messages/10709106">veteran</a> of the mass text campaign). The practice isn’t new, and it’s totally legal under current laws. It’s also non-partisan. Campaigns of all stripes have partaken. Behold, the Liberal Party’s <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/liberal-party-defends-sending-text-messages-to-voters-on-asylum-seeker-boat-intercepts/mmqwk5508">last-minute SMS</a> to voters about asylum seekers before the 2022 federal election, or Labor’s controversial “<a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/federal-election-2016-shorten-confirms-labor-sent-mediscare-text-20160705-gpzasl.html">Mediscare</a>” text before the 2016 poll. Despite multiple cycles of criticism, these tactics remain a persistent feature of Australian election campaigns. A recent proposal to update decades-old rules could help change things – if a government would put it into practice. <h2>What does the law say about political spam?</h2> Several laws regulate spam and data collection in Australia. First, there is the Spam Act. This legislation requires that organisations obtain our consent before sending us marketing emails, SMSs and instant messages. The unsubscribe links you see at the bottom of spam emails? Those are mandated by the Spam Act. Second, the Do Not Call Register (DNCR) Act. This Act establishes a “do not call” register, managed by the <a href="https://www.acma.gov.au/say-no-to-telemarketers">Australian Communications and Media Authority</a> (ACMA), which individuals can join to opt out of telemarketing calls. Finally, there is the Privacy Act, which governs how organisations collect, use and disclose our personal information. Among other things, the Privacy Act requires that organisations tell us when and why they are collecting our personal information, and the purposes for which they intend to use it. It restricts organisations from re-purposing personal information collected for a particular purpose, unless an exception applies. This trio of laws was designed to offer relief from unsolicited, unwanted direct marketing. It does not, however, stop the deluge of political spam at election time due to broad political exemptions sewn into the legislation decades ago. The Spam Act and DNCR Act apply to marketing for goods and services but not election policies and promises, while the Privacy Act contains a <a href="https://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2021/21.html#fn13">carve-out</a> for political parties, representatives and their contractors. The upshot is that their campaigns are free to spam and target voters at will. Their only obligation is to disclose who authorised the message. <h2>How do political campaigns get our information?</h2> Secrecy about the nature and extent of campaign data operations, enabled by the exemptions, makes it difficult to pinpoint precisely where a campaign might have obtained your data from. There are, however, a number of ways political campaigns can acquire our information. One source is the electoral roll (though not for phone numbers, as the Australian Electoral Commission <a href="https://x.com/AusElectoralCom/status/1434752533294194692">often points out</a>). Incumbent candidates might build on this with information they obtain through contact with constituents which, thanks to the exemptions, they’re allowed to re-purpose for campaigning at election time. Another source is data brokers – firms which harvest, analyse and sell large quantities of data and profiles. We know the major parties have long maintained voter databases to support their targeting efforts, which have become <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-19/behind-liberal-labor-data-arms-race-this-election/101074696">increasingly sophisticated</a> over the years. Other outfits might take more haphazard approaches – former MP <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/united-australia-party-leader-craig-kelly-defends-spam-messages-20210829-p58mv7.html">Craig Kelly</a>, for example, claimed to use software to randomly generate numbers for his texting campaign in 2021. <h2>What can be done?</h2> Unwanted campaign texts are not only irritating to some. They can be misleading. This year, there have been <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-17/monique-ryan-polling-amelia-hamer-trust-fund-kooyong/105185290">reports</a> of “push polling” texts (pseudo surveys meant to persuade rather than gauge voter options) in the marginal seat of Kooyong. The AEC has <a href="https://www.aec.gov.au/media/2025/03-31a.htm">warned</a> about misleading postal vote applications being issued by parties via SMS. <figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=237&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=738&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=738&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=738&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=927&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=927&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664617/original/file-20250429-74-yothae.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=927&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Screenshot of a text message from Trumpet of Patriots." /></a><figcaption>This election campaign has seen a flood of texts from Trumpet of Patriots, among others. The Conversation, <a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA</a></figcaption></figure> Generative AI is hastening the ability to produce misleading content, cheaply and at scale, which can be quickly pushed out across an array of online social and instant messaging services. In short, annoying texts are just one visible symptom of a wider vulnerability created by the political exemptions. The basic argument for the political exemptions is to facilitate freedom of political communication, which is protected by the Constitution. As the High Court has said, that freedom is necessary to support informed electoral choice. It does not, however, guarantee speakers a <a href="http://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/cth/HCA/2019/11.html">captive audience</a>. In 2022, the Attorney-General’s Department <a href="https://www.ag.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-02/privacy-act-review-report_0.pdf">proposed</a> narrowing the political exemptions, as part of a suite of updates to the Privacy Act. Per the proposal, parties and representatives would need to be more transparent about their data operations, provide voters with an option to unsubscribe from targeted ads, refrain from targeting voters based on “sensitive information”, and handle data in a “fair and reasonable” manner. The changes would be an overdue but welcome step, recognising the <a href="https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/journal_contribution/Conceptualising_Voter_Privacy_in_the_Age_of_Data-Driven_Political_Campaigning/27330276?file=50073381">essential role</a> of voter privacy in a functioning democratic system. Unfortunately, the government has not committed to taking up the proposal. A bipartisan lack of support is likely the biggest obstacle, even as the gap created by the political exemptions widens, and its rationale becomes flimsier, with each election cycle.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/255413/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tegan-cohen-1331144">Tegan Cohen</a>, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Digital Media Research Centre, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/queensland-university-of-technology-847">Queensland University of Technology</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-are-political-parties-allowed-to-send-spam-texts-and-how-can-we-make-them-stop-255413">original article</a>. Image: Shutterstock </div>

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Bestselling novelist found murdered on her houseboat

Authorities confirmed on Tuesday that a murder investigation is underway after bestselling German author Alexandra Fröhlich was found dead on her houseboat in Hamburg. Fröhlich, 58, whose novels have frequently topped Germany’s bestseller lists, was discovered by her son early Tuesday morning on her moored houseboat along the Holzhafen bank of the Elbe River in the Moorfleet district. According to police, initial forensic evidence suggests she died violently between midnight and 5:30am. "Relatives found the 58-year-old woman lifeless on her houseboat and alerted the fire brigade, who were only able to confirm the woman’s death," a police spokesperson told local media. "After evaluating traces and evidence, the investigating authorities now believe that the woman died as a result of violence." Local broadcaster NDR, citing police sources, reported that Fröhlich had been shot. Investigators have appealed to the public for witnesses who may have noticed suspicious activity around Fröhlich’s distinctive long cerise-coloured houseboat. Divers have been deployed to search the Elbe River, amid speculation that the murder weapon may have been discarded there. Authorities have declined to release further details, citing the ongoing investigation. They are examining whether the suspect may have been someone known to Fröhlich. Fröhlich began her career as a journalist, founding a women’s magazine in Kyiv, Ukraine, before returning to Germany where she contributed to major publications such as Stern. She made her literary debut in 2012 with My Russian Mother-in-Law and Other Catastrophes, a humorous novel inspired by her own cross-cultural experiences, which earned a spot on Der Spiegel’s bestseller list and was later translated into French. Her subsequent novels, including Death is a Certainty (2016) and Skeletons in the Closet (2019), both published by Penguin, were praised for blending humour, family dynamics and sharp social commentary. News of Fröhlich’s death has shocked the literary community, where she was celebrated for her witty and insightful storytelling. Image: Penguin

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Q+A descends into acrimony over Welcome to Country debate

The ABC’s flagship program Q+A erupted into heated exchanges on Monday night as panellists clashed over the role and frequency of Welcome to Country ceremonies, amid growing national debate sparked by political and community divisions. The discussion was triggered when audience member Peter asked how tensions over the ceremonies could be resolved "amicably" and "in the interest of all parties", following escalating disagreement between Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Opposition Leader Peter Dutton during the current federal election campaign. Liberal MP Paul Fletcher argued from the Q+A panel that while it was important to recognise the “distinctive place” of Indigenous Australians, many in the community felt there were now too many ceremonial acknowledgements. The issue has been further inflamed after neo-Nazis booed a Welcome to Country delivered by Bunurong man Uncle Mark Brown during the Anzac Day Dawn Service at Melbourne’s Shrine of Remembrance – a move that was swiftly condemned by both major political parties. However, Mr Dutton later suggested that Welcome to Country ceremonies were being overused and questioned their appropriateness for solemn occasions like Anzac Day. On Q+A, Environment Minister Tanya Plibersek defended the tradition, particularly at Anzac Day events, arguing it was "perfectly appropriate" to acknowledge the service of Indigenous Australians in the military. Fletcher countered that veterans should be consulted on the issue, prompting a sharp exchange when Plibersek retorted that he was speaking as if Indigenous veterans did not exist. Fletcher accused her of using “straw man rhetoric”, insisting, “The role of Indigenous people in defending Australia over many conflicts has been very significant. Nobody is contesting that for a second.” Greens leader Adam Bandt also weighed in, launching a scathing attack on Dutton’s handling of the matter. “It’s gutter politics from an Opposition leader whose campaign is in free fall and he’s starting to punch down,” Bandt said. He accused Dutton of spreading misinformation during the Voice referendum campaign and likened his tactics to those of US President Donald Trump. “He’s playing from the Trump play book as his campaign is in free fall. Punching down. Playing from the Trump play book and we’ll call it out," Bandt said. Image: ABC's Q+A

Distressing new details surrounding Audrey Griffin's murder

After Adrian Torrens, the <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/legal/murder-charge-laid-after-death-of-19-year-old-ironwoman" target="_blank" rel="noopener">man accused</a> of murdering 19-year-old Audrey Griffin, took his own life inside Silverwater Prison just days after being charged with her death, new details have been revealed around the lead-up to Griffin's death. According to the <a href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/shock-new-details-uncovered-about-audrey-griffins-accused-killers-prison-suicide/news-story/c0ecc3866fecb0ba3a122c561bff2267" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Daily Telegraph</a>, authorities confirmed that Torrens, 53, borrowed a razor blade from his cellmate last Thursday under the pretence of needing to shave ahead of a court appearance. Torrens then used the blade to end his life within the shared cell. No foul play is suspected on the part of prison staff or inmates, and an official report is being prepared for the Coroner. Just days earlier, Torrens had been charged with Griffin’s murder, nearly a month after her body was discovered in a creek bed near The Entrance Road at Erina. At first, Griffin’s death was believed to be a tragic accident despite multiple autopsies. This changed when detectives uncovered critical CCTV footage from outside the Elanora Hotel in East Gosford, recorded in the early hours of March 23 – which showed Griffin walking past the hotel shortly after 2am, with Torrens following closely behind. Griffin had told friends she intended to take an Uber to Terrigal, but she never made it. Investigators later learned Torrens had shown signs of distress during a routine visit to a Community Corrections Office two weeks after Griffin’s death, and that he appeared emotionally troubled, citing a recent relationship breakdown and concerns over his mother's health. At the time, he was serving an 18-month community corrections order for previous domestic violence offences. Following the public release of the CCTV footage, several of Torrens’ associates came forward, with one witness telling police Torrens had confessed to killing Griffin and described leaving her body in the mangroves. NSW Police Commissioner Karen Webb expressed full confidence in the officers handling the complex case, saying that the CCTV footage was released the same day investigators identified its significance. A final determination on the circumstances surrounding Torrens' death will be made at a future coronial inquest. Images: Facebook / LinkedIn

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Bestselling novelist found murdered on her houseboat

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Distressing new details surrounding Audrey Griffin's murder

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