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Channel 7's "most beautiful woman alive" shares happy news

<p>There’s a new reason to celebrate in the Smith-Ballin household – Channel 7 sports presenter Alissa Smith and her husband, former NRL star Matt Ballin, are expecting their first child together!</p> <p>The couple, who tied the knot in October last year, shared their exciting news with fans this week, revealing their little one is due in November – just in time to mark their first wedding anniversary.</p> <p>“We are both extremely excited to share that our family tree will be growing a new branch this November!” the couple wrote in a joyful Instagram post.</p> <p>The announcement follows a heartfelt Mother’s Day tribute from Ballin, who praised Smith for the love and care she shows to his three children from a previous relationship.</p> <p>“You have been a positive and loving part of their lives for a long time now,” he wrote. “The love, care, energy and commitment you show towards their lives displays the beautiful person that you are. We are lucky to have you in our lives.”</p> <p>Smith, who joined 7NEWS in Brisbane as a sports reporter and presenter in 2023, has been a familiar face to viewers across the country, while Ballin – best known for his premiership-winning career with the Manly Sea Eagles – retired from the NRL in 2017 before stepping into coaching. When asked about how Ballin met Smith, the former NRL star told the <a href="https://www.couriermail.com.au/lifestyle/qweekend/the-most-beautiful-woman-alive-broncos-coach-marries-tv-bride-at-starstudded-wedding/news-story/b2624f6ecee96d55ae399d471a52237a" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Courier Mail </a>that he saw Alissa for the first time in 2019 at Fox Sports studio.</p> <p>'When I saw her I thought, "She’s the most beautiful woman alive,"' he said. Now an assistant coach with the Brisbane Broncos, the 41-year-old is preparing for a very different kind of team addition.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Family & Pets

Lung cancer screening is about to start. Here's what you need to know

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>From July, eligible Australians will be screened for <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/nlcsp">lung cancer</a> as part of the nation’s first new <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/topics/cancer/screening-for-cancer">cancer screening</a> program for almost 20 years.</p> <p>The program aims to detect lung cancer early, before symptoms emerge and cancer spreads. This early detection and treatment is predicted to <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1911793?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed">save lives</a>.</p> <h2>Why lung cancer?</h2> <p><a href="https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated-files/publications/report-lung-cancer-screening-enquiry/pdf/report_on_the_lung_cancer_screening_enquiry_0.pdf">Lung cancer</a> is Australia’s fifth most diagnosed cancer but causes the greatest number of cancer deaths.</p> <p>It’s <a href="https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated-files/publications/report-lung-cancer-screening-enquiry/pdf/report_on_the_lung_cancer_screening_enquiry_0.pdf">more common</a> in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, rural and remote Australians, and lower income groups than in the general population.</p> <p><a href="https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated-files/publications/report-lung-cancer-screening-enquiry/pdf/report_on_the_lung_cancer_screening_enquiry_0.pdf">Overall</a>, less than one in five patients with lung cancer will survive five years. But for those diagnosed when the cancer is small and has not spread, two-thirds of people survive five years.</p> <h2>Who is eligible?</h2> <p>The lung cancer screening program only targets people at higher risk of lung cancer, based on their smoking history and their age. This is different to a population-wide screening program, such as screening for bowel cancer, which is based on age alone.</p> <p>The lung cancer program <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/nlcsp">screens people</a> 50-70 years old with no signs or symptoms of lung cancer such as breathlessness, a persisting cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, becoming very tired or losing weight.</p> <p>To be eligible, current smokers must also have a history of at least 30 “<a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/pack-year">pack years</a>”. To calculate this you multiply the number of packets (of 20 cigarettes) you smoke a day by the number of years you’ve been smoking them.</p> <p>For instance, if you smoke one packet (20 cigarettes) a day for a year that is one pack year. Smoking two packets a day for six months (half a year) is also a pack year.</p> <p>People who have quit smoking in the past ten years but have accumulated 30 or more pack years before quitting are also eligible.</p> <h2>What does screening involve?</h2> <p>Ask your GP or health worker if you are eligible. If you are, you will be referred for a low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan. This uses much lower doses of x-rays than a regular CT but is enough to find nodules in the lung. These are small lumps which could be clumps of cancer cells, inflammatory cells or scarring from old infections.</p> <p>Imaging involves lying on a table for 10-15 minutes while the scanner takes images of your chest. So people must also be able to lie flat in a scanner to be part of the program.</p> <p>After the scan, the results are sent to you, your GP and the <a href="https://www.ncsr.gov.au/">National Cancer Screening Register</a>. You’ll be contacted if the scan is normal and will then be reminded in two years’ time to screen again.</p> <p>If your scan has findings that need to be followed, you will be sent back to your GP who may arrange a further scan in <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/nlcsp/about#the-screening-pathway">three to 12 months</a>.</p> <p>If lung cancer is suspected, you will be referred to a lung specialist for further tests.</p> <h2>What are the benefits and risks?</h2> <p><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911793">International</a> <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(25)00082-8/fulltext">trials</a> show screening people at high risk of lung cancer reduces their chance of dying prematurely from it, and the benefits outweigh any harm.</p> <p>The aim is to <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1911793?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed">save lives</a> by <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/nlcsp/about#why-screening-is-important">increasing the detection</a> of <a href="https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/lung-cancer/diagnosis/staging-prognosis/">stage 1 disease</a> (a small cancer, 4 centimetres or less, confined to the lung), which has a greater chance of being treated successfully.</p> <p>The risks of radiation exposure are minimised by using low-dose CT screening.</p> <p>The other greatest risk is a false positive. This is where the imaging suggests cancer, but further tests rule it out. This varies across studies from almost <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777242">one in ten to one in two</a> of those having their first scan. If imaging suggests cancer, this usually requires a repeat scan. But about <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777242">one in 100</a> of those whose imaging suggests cancer but were later found not to have it have invasive biopsies. This involves taking a sample of the nodule to see if it contains cancerous cells.</p> <p>Some people will be diagnosed with a cancer that will never cause a problem in their lifetime, for instance because it is slow growing or they are likely to die of other illnesses first. This so-called overdiagnosis varies from <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2777242">none to two-thirds of lung cancers diagnosed</a>, depending on the study.</p> <h2>How much will it cost?</h2> <p>The Australian government <a href="https://lungfoundation.com.au/advocacy/national-lung-cancer-screening-program/">has earmarked</a> A$264 million over four years to screen for lung cancer, and $101 million a year after that.</p> <p>The initial GP consultation will be free if your GP bulk bills, or if not you may be charged an out-of-pocket fee for the consultation. This may be a barrier to the uptake of screening. Subsequent investigations and consultations will be billed as usual.</p> <p>There will be no cost for the low-dose CT scans.</p> <h2>What should I do?</h2> <p>If you are 50-70 and a heavy smoker see your GP about screening for lung cancer. But the <a href="https://www.ilcn.org/smoking-cessation-in-lung-cancer-screening-the-latest-randomized-controlled-trial-evidence/">greater gain</a> in terms of reducing your risk of lung cancer is to also give up smoking.</p> <p>If you’ve already given up smoking, you’ve already reduced your risk of lung cancer. However, since lung cancer can take several years to develop or show on a CT scan, see your GP if you were once a heavy smoker but have quit in the past ten years to see if you are eligible for screening.</p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ian-olver-1047">Ian Olver</a>, Adjunct Professsor, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119">University of Adelaide</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/lung-cancer-screening-is-about-to-start-what-you-need-to-know-if-you-smoke-or-have-quit-253227">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / </em><em>Towfiqu barbhuiya</em></p> </div>

Caring

What causes the 'winter blues' and why is it more common in women?

<div class="theconversation-article-body">Winter is here. As the days grow shorter and the skies turn darker, you might start to feel a bit “off”. You may notice a dip in your mood or energy levels. Maybe you’re less motivated to do things you previously enjoyed in the warmer months.</p> <p>The “winter blues” can feel like an inevitable part of life. You might feel sluggish or less social, but you can still get on with your day.</p> <p>However, if your winter blues are making everyday life difficult and interfering with your work and relationships, it could be the sign of something more serious.</p> <p>Seasonal affective disorder is more than a seasonal slump – it’s a <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/symptoms/">recognised psychiatric condition</a>. Here’s what to look for and how to get help.</p> <h2>What is seasonal affective disorder?</h2> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395623001899?via%3Dihub">The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a> officially recognises seasonal affective disorder as a recurrent major depressive disorder “with seasonal pattern”.</p> <p>In other words, the condition shares many symptoms with major depressive disorder, but it also follows a seasonal rhythm. While this might be most common in winter, the disorder can also occur in <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder">summer</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/symptoms/">Symptoms include</a>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>persistent low mood or feelings of sadness</p> </li> <li> <p>loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed</p> </li> <li> <p>low energy and fatigue, even after lots of sleep</p> </li> <li> <p>changes in appetite</p> </li> <li> <p>weight gain or weight loss</p> </li> <li> <p>difficulty concentrating</p> </li> <li> <p>sleeping more or less than usual</p> </li> <li> <p>feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness</p> </li> <li> <p>in some cases, thoughts of self-harm or suicide.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Research suggests seasonal affective disorder affects up to <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2147/PRBM.S114906">10% of the global population</a>.</p> <p>Although it can affect anyone, it is more common in <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4673349/">women</a>, people aged between <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4673349/">18 and 30 years</a>, and those living <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08039480902799040">far from the equator</a>, where winter daylight hours are especially limited.</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395623001899?via%3Dihub">review</a> of the Australian research on seasonal affective disorder showed the highest proportion of Australians with seasonal affective disorder was found in the most southern state, Tasmania (9% of the population).</p> <h2>What causes it?</h2> <p>Unfortunately, the exact cause of seasonal affective disorder is still poorly understood.</p> <p>Some theories propose it is primarily caused by a lack of light in the environment, although we are not exactly sure how this leads to depression.</p> <p>As sunlight is responsible for the production of vitamin D, some have suggested a lack of vitamin D is what causes depression. However, the evidence for such a link is <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530312022000431">inconclusive</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.31887/DCNS.2007.9.3/alewy">Others</a> suggest a lack of light in winter delays the circadian rhythms which regulate our sleep/wake cycle. Poor sleep is related to many mental health difficulties, <a href="https://theconversation.com/theres-a-strong-link-between-anxiety-and-depression-and-sleep-problems-and-it-goes-both-ways-76145">including depression</a>.</p> <h2>Seasonal affective disorder can be treated</h2> <p>Fortunately, there are several evidence-based treatments for seasonal affective disorder. Relief may be found through a combination of approaches.</p> <p><strong>Bright light therapy</strong> is usually the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2017/6867957">first treatment recommended</a> for seasonal affective disorder. It involves sitting near a specially designed lightbox (with a strength of 10,000 lux) for about 20 to 30 minutes a day to mimic natural sunlight and help regulate the body’s internal clock.</p> <p><strong>Cognitive behavioural therapy</strong> aims to help people develop some flexibility around <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/treatment/">the negative thoughts</a> that might maintain seasonal affective disorder symptoms (for example, “I am worthless because I never get up to anything meaningful in winter”).</p> <p><strong>Lifestyle changes</strong> such as regular exercise, time spent outdoors (even on gloomy days), a balanced diet, and good sleep hygiene <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/treatment/">can all support recovery</a>.</p> <p><strong>Antidepressants</strong> – especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/treatment/">may be prescribed</a> when symptoms are moderate to severe, or when other treatments have not worked.</p> <h2>What else helps?</h2> <p>Even those without seasonal affective disorder might need to fight the winter blues. So, what works?</p> <p><strong>Prioritise social connection</strong></p> <p>Schedule regular, achievable and pleasant <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-024-02722-1">activities with friends</a>, such as trivia at the pub or a brisk walk.</p> <p><strong>Reframe winter</strong></p> <p>Rather than dreading the cold, see if you can embrace what is special about this time of year. The mindset of “<a href="https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/hygge">hygge</a>” (a Danish and Norwegian term for cosiness and contentment) may help.</p> <p>Let winter be your excuse for snuggling on your couch with a thick blanket and hot chocolate while catching up on books and TV shows. Or see if there are any winter-specific activities (such as night markets) where you live.</p> <p><strong>Maximise daylight</strong></p> <p>Taking a walk during lunchtime <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/seasonal-affective-disorder-sad/treatment/">when the sun is out</a>, even briefly, can make a difference.</p> <h2>The bottom line</h2> <p>If your “winter blues” last more than two weeks, start interfering with your daily life or feel overwhelming, then it might be time to seek professional help.</p> <p>Speaking to your GP or mental health professional can help you get support early and prevent symptoms getting worse.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/259375/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelvin-shiu-fung-wong-1468053">Kelvin (Shiu Fung) Wong</a>, Senior Lecturer in Clinical Psychology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/swinburne-university-of-technology-767">Swinburne University of Technology</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/trouble-getting-out-of-bed-signs-the-winter-blues-may-be-something-more-serious-259375">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / </em></p> </div>

Caring

Family speaks out after teen found guilty of murdering Melbourne doctor

<p>The grieving family of Melbourne doctor Ash Gordon has spoken of their bittersweet relief after the teenager who stabbed him to death was found guilty of murder.</p> <p>A Supreme Court jury convicted the 17-year-old boy following a harrowing trial in which the youth had already pleaded guilty to two counts of aggravated burglary.</p> <p>Dr Gordon was killed in the early hours of January 13 last year after waking to find intruders in his Doncaster unit, in Melbourne’s north-east. He chased the two 16-year-olds into the street, but was fatally stabbed less than a kilometre from his home.</p> <p>The brutal and senseless loss of the much-loved doctor sent shockwaves through his community – and left his family shattered.</p> <p>Speaking to <em>A Current Affair</em>, Ash’s sister Nat said the guilty verdict brought some measure of justice after what she described as a long, “gut-wrenching” legal process.</p> <p>"To get a guilty verdict was a huge relief for the family,” she said. “It will never bring him back but it cements for us that we have everyone behind us."</p> <p>Their father, Glen Gordon, described the emotional toll the trial had taken – and the quiet moment of comfort that came with the jury’s decision.</p> <p>"It's been a struggle, but after the verdict today, it just felt like a big weight has been lifted off our shoulders," he said. "It's still a sad situation, but at least the person got what he deserved."</p> <p>Since Ash’s death, the family has channelled their grief into a push for reform – advocating for tougher bail laws and stronger sentencing for youth offenders.</p> <p> </p> <p>"It definitely doesn't get any easier, nothing will ever bring him back, but a small win was had today – not only by us but the wider community and the justice system,” Nat said.</p> <p>Determined not to let her brother’s death be in vain, she issued a heartfelt plea for change. "At the end of the day, if there is no verdict and no consequences, they will continue to do this,” she said. “It won’t be just my family – it will be every family within the country feeling the pain that we’re feeling, and I never, ever want to inflict that pain on any other family."</p> <p>"I don’t want my brother’s memory to be in vain."</p> <p><em>Images: A Current Affair</em></p>

Caring

MasterChef star shares joyous family news

<p>Adelaide chef and MasterChef favourite Callum Hann has shared some wonderful news – he and his wife, Crystal Jagger, have welcomed a beautiful baby girl into their growing family.</p> <p>Callum, who first won hearts as a 20-year-old contestant on the second season of MasterChef Australia in 2010, is now embracing his most rewarding role yet: fatherhood. The couple’s newest arrival, named Fleur, was introduced to the world in a heartwarming Instagram post on Tuesday.</p> <p>“Welcome to the world baby girl. We love you so much and you are the perfect addition to our little family,” Crystal wrote, alongside a sweet photo celebrating their newest bundle of joy.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLRkj2VTBVC/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLRkj2VTBVC/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Crystal Jagger (@crystal_jagger)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>Fleur joins big sister Elle, born in 2020, and brother Henry, who arrived in 2022. The happy news comes as Callum continues to juggle his busy career as a chef, author, entrepreneur and contestant on MasterChef: Back to Win, all while enjoying life as a proud dad of three.</p> <p>Congratulations to the Hann-Jagger family on their newest addition!</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Family & Pets

Why women turn to illegal cannabis despite rising medical demand

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>The number of women using medicinal cannabis is growing in New Zealand and overseas. They use cannabis treatment for general conditions such as <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jwh.2020.8437">pain, anxiety, inflammation and nausea</a>, as well as gynaecological conditions, including <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40445778/">endometriosis</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766334/">pelvic floor conditions</a>, and <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10314536/">menopause</a>.</p> <p>However, their experiences with medicinal cannabis remain under-explored in research and overlooked in policy and regulation. As our work shows, they face several gender-specific barriers to accessing medicinal cannabis. Some of these hurdles lead women to seeking cannabis from illegal markets.</p> <p>New Zealand introduced the <a href="https://www.health.govt.nz/regulation-legislation/medicinal-cannabis/about-the-medicinal-cannabis-scheme">medicinal cannabis scheme</a> five years ago to enable access to legal, safe and quality-controlled cannabis products for any condition a doctor would deem suitable for a prescription.</p> <p>A <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418607/">recent analysis</a> found the number of medicinal cannabis products dispensed has increased more than 14-fold since 2020, with more than 160,000 prescriptions administered during 2023/2024.</p> <p>In the first two years of the scheme, women were the primary recipients of medicinal cannabis prescriptions. Between 2022 and 2023, the number of prescriptions issued to female patients <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/the-regions-age-groups-and-ethnicities-using-the-most-medicinal-cannabis/LNG7NHEDI5GYJMG6SCER7B3HKQ/">doubled to 47,633</a>.</p> <p>Our findings from a <a href="https://nzdrugtrends.co.nz/">large-scale national survey</a> show that although women perceive physicians as supportive of prescribing medicinal cannabis, they were less likely to have prescriptions than men. This is similar to <a href="https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-024-00992-1">findings from Australia</a>.</p> <p>Potential reasons include the <a href="https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/annual-update-key-results-2022-23-new-zealand-health-survey">cost of visiting health professionals</a>, unpaid care-giving duties, lower workforce participation and a <a href="https://www.women.govt.nz/women-and-work/gender-pay-gap">pay disparity</a> – all creating barriers to accessing health services.</p> <p>Women were also more likely not to disclose their medicinal cannabis use to others, citing it would be less accepted by society because of their gender.</p> <h2>Gendered risks in illegal cannabis markets</h2> <p>Our <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687637.2025.2481297?src=#d1e531">latest study</a> aligned with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/3/1536">Australia</a> in finding that women often seek cannabis from illegal sources because of perceived lower prices. Many could not financially sustain accessing legal prescriptions because medicinal cannabis is not funded by New Zealand’s drug-buying agency Pharmac.</p> <p>Study participants discussed the health risks of accessing illegal cannabis such as consuming products without knowing how strong they are or whether they have been <a href="https://www.tga.gov.au/news/news/tga-warns-consumers-about-potential-harm-unlawfully-supplied-medicinal-cannabis">contaminated</a> with harmful substances.</p> <p>They also characterised illegal cannabis markets as unsafe and intimidating for women, with little legal protection and the presence of predatory male sellers. Some even described gender-specific experiences of physical assault, intimidation and sexual harassment, particularly when cannabis buying occurred in drug houses or locations controlled by the seller.</p> <p>Women accessing medicinal cannabis in illegal markets increasingly relied on female suppliers, viewing them as safer and more reliable. Some also helped connect others to these suppliers and used social media to warn other women of unsafe male suppliers. This created informal women-led support networks for access.</p> <h2>Accessing legal prescriptions</h2> <figure class="align-right "><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>One of our <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2025.2476989">recent studies</a> found many women begin their journeys with medicinal cannabis online via social media, often leading them to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-09021-y">cannabis clinics</a> with a strong digital presence. Women are now a growing demographic for specialised medicinal cannabis clinics in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32019776/">New Zealand</a> and in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229921000819">other countries</a>.</p> <p>Cannabis clinics have a reputation among medicinal cannabis consumers for being more knowledgeable and positive about treatments than general practitioners and other health providers. Women have been encouraged by positive online testimonies from other women using cannabis treatments for gynaecological and other conditions.</p> <p>Female medicinal cannabis patients also described the financial burden of accessing a prescription, including consultation fees and the costs of products as barriers to access.</p> <p>Their relationships with their GPs strongly influenced their decision to seek a prescription. Those with prior experiences of having their pain underestimated or misdiagnosed in mainstream care were more likely to source legal medicinal cannabis from cannabis clinics.</p> <h2>Policy and practice</h2> <p>The current scientific evidence for using medicinal cannabis for gynaecological conditions is still emerging. Clinical trials are under way in Australia to evaluate cannabis treatment for <a href="https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/nicmhri/research/research_projects/medicinal_cannabis_and_endometriosis">endometriosis and period pain</a>.</p> <p>Women’s reliance on online sources and personal recommendations to learn about medicinal cannabis highlights a gap in public awareness and government education about the legal prescription scheme. <a href="https://www.publish.csiro.au/hc/HC22122">Hesitance to discuss and recommend cannabis</a> treatment among GPs also persists as a barrier to access.</p> <p>Online peer networks on social media platforms are promoting women’s agency and informing their decision making around medicinal cannabis, but also raise the risks of misinformation.</p> <p>Although marketing of medicinal cannabis to women may improve their engagement with the prescription scheme, it may also put them in a vulnerable position where they are encouraged to pursue expensive treatment options which may not be effective.</p> <p>The collective findings from our studies indicate complex financial, social and systemic factors affecting safe and equitable access to medicinal cannabis for women. To improve women’s engagement with New Zealand’s medicinal cannabis scheme, we suggest GPs should have informed and non-stigmatising discussions with female patients to explore when medicinal cannabis might be an appropriate treatment option.</p> <p>Better access to good official consumer information about medicinal cannabis and greater investment in clinical trials for gynaecological conditions would also improve and support women’s decision making about their health.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/258797/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/vinuli-withanarachchie-1278697">Vinuli Withanarachchie</a>, PhD candidate, College of Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/te-kunenga-ki-purehuroa-massey-university-806">Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/chris-wilkins-1110463">Chris Wilkins</a>, Professor of Policy and Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/te-kunenga-ki-purehuroa-massey-university-806">Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/marta-rychert-1108013">Marta Rychert</a>, Associate Professor in Drug Policy and Health Law, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/te-kunenga-ki-purehuroa-massey-university-806">Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa – Massey University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/more-women-are-using-medical-cannabis-but-new-research-shows-barriers-push-some-into-illegal-markets-258797">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / Binoid CBD and </em><em>Alesia Kozik</em></p> </div>

Caring

Five common habits that might be harming your liver

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>The liver is one of the hardest working organs in the human body. It detoxifies harmful substances, helps with digestion, stores nutrients, and regulates metabolism.</p> <p>Despite its remarkable resilience – and even its ability to regenerate – the liver is not indestructible. In fact, many everyday habits, often overlooked, can slowly cause damage that may eventually lead to serious conditions <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/">such as cirrhosis</a> (permanent scarring of the liver) or liver failure.</p> <p>One of the challenges with liver disease is that it can be a silent threat. In its early stages, it may cause only vague symptoms like constant fatigue or nausea.</p> <p>As damage progresses, more obvious signs may emerge. <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-health-2/symptoms-of-liver-disease/">One of the most recognisable</a> is jaundice, where the skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow. While most people associate liver disease with heavy drinking, alcohol isn’t the only culprit. Here are five common habits that could be quietly harming your liver.</p> <h2>1. Drinking too much alcohol</h2> <p>Alcohol is perhaps the most well-known cause of liver damage. When you drink, your liver works to break down the alcohol and clear it from your system. But too much alcohol overwhelms this process, causing toxic by products to build up and damage liver cells.</p> <p>Alcohol-related liver disease <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/lyl-alcohol-and-the-liver/">progresses in stages</a>. At first, fat begins to accumulate in the liver (fatty liver), often without any noticeable symptoms and reversible if drinking stops. Continued drinking can lead to <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/">alcoholic hepatitis</a>, where inflammation and scar tissue begin to form as the liver attempts to heal itself.</p> <p>Over time, this scarring can develop into cirrhosis, where extensive hardening of the liver seriously affects its ability to function. While cirrhosis is difficult to reverse, stopping drinking can help prevent further damage.</p> <p>Even moderate drinking, if sustained over many years, can take its toll, particularly when combined with other risk factors like obesity or medication use. Experts recommend sticking to <a href="https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/calculating-alcohol-units/">no more than 14 units of alcohol</a> per week, and including alcohol-free days to give your liver time to recover.</p> <h2>2. Poor diet and unhealthy eating habits</h2> <p>You don’t need to drink alcohol to develop liver problems. Fat can build up in the liver due to an unhealthy diet, leading to a condition now called <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease">metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease</a> (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p> <p>Excess fat in the liver can impair its function and, over time, cause inflammation, scarring, and eventually cirrhosis. People who are overweight – particularly those who carry excess weight around their abdomen – are more likely to develop MASLD. <a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease">Other risk factors include</a> high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gZQ3VFHq17E?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <p>Diet plays a huge role. Foods high in saturated fat, such as red meat, fried foods and processed snacks, can raise cholesterol levels and contribute to liver fat accumulation. Sugary foods and drinks are also a major risk factor. <strong>In 2018</strong>, <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-018-1711-4">a review found</a> that people who consumed more sugar sweetened drinks had a 40% higher risk of developing fatty liver disease.</p> <p>Ultra-processed foods such as fast food, ready meals and snacks packed with added sugar and unhealthy fats also contribute to liver strain. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652366188X#sec6">A large study found</a> that people who ate more processed foods were significantly more likely to develop liver problems.</p> <p>On the flip side, eating a balanced, wholefood diet can help prevent – and even reverse – fatty liver disease. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9370227/">Research suggests</a> that diets rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains, legumes, and fish may reduce liver fat and improve related risk factors such as high blood sugar and cholesterol.</p> <p>Staying hydrated is also important. Aim for around eight glasses of water a day to support your liver’s natural detoxification processes.</p> <h2>3. Overusing painkillers</h2> <p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10645398/">Many people turn to</a> over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol for headaches, muscle pain, or fever. While generally safe when used as directed, taking too much – even slightly exceeding the recommended dose – can be <a href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.13656#:%7E:text=As%20the%20toxic%20metabolite%20of,predispose%20patients%20to%20liver%20injury.">extremely dangerous</a> for your liver.</p> <p>The liver breaks down paracetamol, but in the process, produces a toxic by-product called NAPQI. Normally, the body neutralises NAPQI using a <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glutathione">protective substance called glutathione</a>. However, in an overdose, glutathione stores become depleted, allowing NAPQI to accumulate and attack liver cells. This can <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/researchers-shed-new-light-paracetamol-causes-liver-damage/#:%7E:text=Paracetamol%20is%20an%20effective%20treatment,came%20out%20worse%20than%20Britain.">result in acute liver failure</a>, which can be fatal.</p> <p>Even small overdoses, or <a href="https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/analgesia-mild-to-moderate-pain/management/paracetamol/">combining paracetamol with alcohol</a>, can increase the risk of serious harm. Always stick to the recommended dose and speak to a doctor if you find yourself needing pain relief regularly.</p> <h2>4. Lack of exercise</h2> <p>A sedentary lifestyle is another major risk factor for liver disease. Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction – all of which can promote fat accumulation in the liver.</p> <p>The good news is that exercise can benefit your liver even if you don’t lose much weight. <a href="https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/60/9/1278.full.pdf">One study found</a> that just eight weeks of resistance training reduced liver fat by 13% and improved blood sugar control. Aerobic exercise is <a href="https://liver.org.au/news/exercise-for-fatty-liver-disease-has-benefits-beyond-weight-loss/#:%7E:text=%E2%80%9CExercise%20can%20benefit%20liver%20health%20by%20reducing,physical%20strength%20and%20body%20composition%2C%E2%80%9D%20she%20says.&text=To%20reduce%20liver%20fat%2C%20it's%20recommended%20that,of%20at%20least%20moderate%20intensity%20aerobic%20exercise.">also highly effective</a>: regular brisk walking for 30 minutes, five times a week, has been shown to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity.</p> <h2>5. Smoking</h2> <p>Most people associate smoking with lung cancer or heart disease, but many don’t realise the <a href="https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(22)00029-0/fulltext">serious damage</a> it can do to the liver.</p> <p>Cigarette smoke contains thousands of toxic chemicals that <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/living-with-a-liver-condition/stopping-smoking/">increase the liver’s workload</a> as it tries to filter and break them down. Over time, this can lead to <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4088100/">oxidative stress</a>, where unstable molecules (free radicals) damage liver cells, restrict blood flow, and contribute to scarring (cirrhosis).</p> <p>Smoking also significantly raises the risk of liver cancer. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8683172/">Harmful chemicals</a> in tobacco smoke, including nitrosamines, vinyl chloride, tar, and 4-aminobiphenyl, are <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/what-is-a-carcinogen#bottom-line">all known carcinogens</a>. <a href="https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver-cancer/risks-causes">According to Cancer Research UK</a>, smoking accounts for around 20% of liver cancer cases in the UK.</p> <h2>Love your liver</h2> <p>The liver is a remarkably robust organ – but it isn’t invincible. You can protect it by drinking alcohol in moderation, quitting smoking, taking medications responsibly, eating a balanced diet, staying active and keeping hydrated.</p> <p>If you notice any symptoms that may suggest liver trouble, such as ongoing fatigue, nausea, or jaundice, don’t delay speaking to your doctor. The earlier liver problems are detected, the <a href="https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/love-your-liver/free-liver-scan/#:%7E:text=Finding%20liver%20disease%20early%20means,t%20give%20anyone%20a%20diagnosis.&text=Liver%20scans%20are%20also%20available,to%20check%20your%20liver%20health.">better the chance of successful treatment</a>.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/256921/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/dipa-kamdar-1485027">Dipa Kamdar</a>, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/kingston-university-949">Kingston University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/five-common-habits-that-might-be-harming-your-liver-256921">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Pexels / </em><em>Andrea Piacquadio</em></p> </div>

Body

How sleep loss can lead to weight gain – and worse

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>You stayed up too late scrolling through your phone, answering emails or watching just one more episode. The next morning, you feel groggy and irritable. That sugary pastry or greasy breakfast sandwich suddenly looks more appealing than your usual yogurt and berries. By the afternoon, chips or candy from the break room call your name. This isn’t just about willpower. Your brain, short on rest, is nudging you toward quick, high-calorie fixes.</p> <p>There is a reason why this cycle repeats itself so predictably. Research shows that <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00747-7">insufficient sleep disrupts hunger signals</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101514">weakens self-control</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.010">impairs glucose metabolism</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23539">increases your risk of weight gain</a>. These changes <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0250-18.2018">can occur rapidly</a>, even after a single night of poor sleep, and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14926">can become more harmful over time</a> if left unaddressed.</p> <p>I am a <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sTqquL0AAAAJ&hl=en">neurologist specializing in sleep science</a> and its impact on health.</p> <p>Sleep deprivation affects millions. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third of U.S. adults <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data-research/facts-stats/adults-sleep-facts-and-stats.html">regularly get less than seven hours of sleep</a> per night. Nearly three-quarters of adolescents <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data-research/facts-stats/high-school-students-sleep-facts-and-stats.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com">fall short of the recommended 8-10 hours sleep</a> during the school week.</p> <p>While anyone can suffer from sleep loss, essential workers and first responders, including nurses, firefighters and emergency personnel, are <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5210">especially vulnerable</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154505">due to night shifts and rotating schedules</a>. These patterns disrupt the body’s internal clock and are linked to increased cravings, poor eating habits and elevated risks for obesity and metabolic disease. Fortunately, even a few nights of consistent, high-quality sleep can help rebalance key systems and start to reverse some of these effects.</p> <h2>How sleep deficits disrupt hunger hormones</h2> <p>Your body regulates hunger through a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2402679">hormonal feedback loop</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2025.171367">involving two key hormones</a>.</p> <p>Ghrelin, produced primarily in the stomach, signals that you are hungry, while leptin, which is produced in the fat cells, tells your brain that you are full. Even one night of restricted sleep <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23616">increases the release of ghrelin and decreases leptin</a>, which leads to greater hunger and reduced satisfaction after eating. This shift is driven by changes in how the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23616">body regulates hunger</a> and stress. Your brain becomes less responsive to fullness signals, while at the same time <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13051">ramping up stress hormones</a> that can increase cravings and appetite.</p> <p>These changes are not subtle. In controlled lab studies, healthy adults reported <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00662.x">increased hunger and stronger cravings</a> for calorie-dense foods after sleeping only four to five hours. The effect worsens with ongoing sleep deficits, which can lead to a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13051">chronically elevated appetite</a>.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/r6pItuOoGxc?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><figcaption><span class="caption">Sleep is as important as diet and exercise in maintaining a healthy weight.</span></figcaption></figure> <h2>Why the brain shifts into reward mode</h2> <p>Sleep loss changes how your brain evaluates food.</p> <p>Imaging studies show that <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3259">after just one night of sleep deprivation</a>, the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.027383">has reduced activity</a>. At the same time, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0250-18.2018">reward-related areas such as the amygdala</a> and the nucleus accumbens, a part of the brain that drives motivation and reward-seeking, become <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx125">more reactive to tempting food cues</a>.</p> <p>In simple terms, your brain becomes more tempted by junk food and less capable of resisting it. Participants in sleep deprivation studies not only rated high-calorie foods as more desirable but were also <a href="https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.027383">more likely to choose them</a>, regardless of how hungry they actually felt.</p> <h2>Your metabolism slows, leading to increased fat storage</h2> <p>Sleep is also critical for blood sugar control.</p> <p>When you’re well rested, your body efficiently uses insulin to move sugar out of your bloodstream and into your cells for energy. But even one night of partial sleep can <a href="https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-2430">reduce insulin sensitivity by up to 25%</a>, leaving more sugar circulating in your blood.</p> <p>If your body can’t process sugar effectively, it’s more likely to convert it into fat. This contributes to weight gain, especially around the abdomen. Over time, poor sleep is associated with <a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444">higher risk for Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome</a>, a <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/metabolic-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351916">group of health issues</a> such as high blood pressure, belly fat and high blood sugar that raise the risk for heart disease and diabetes.</p> <p>On top of this, sleep loss raises cortisol, your body’s main stress hormone. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-4254">Elevated cortisol encourages fat storage</a>, especially in the abdominal region, and can further disrupt appetite regulation.</p> <h2>Sleep is your metabolic reset button</h2> <p>In a culture that glorifies hustle and late nights, sleep is often treated as optional. But your body doesn’t see it that way. Sleep is not downtime. It is active, essential repair. It is when your brain recalibrates hunger and reward signals, your hormones reset and your metabolism stabilises.</p> <p>Just one or two nights of quality sleep can begin to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00301.2013">undo the damage from prior sleep loss</a> and restore your body’s natural balance.</p> <p>So the next time you find yourself reaching for junk food after a short night, recognize that your biology is not failing you. It is reacting to stress and fatigue. The most effective way to restore balance isn’t a crash diet or caffeine. It’s sleep.</p> <p>Sleep is not a luxury. It is your most powerful tool for appetite control, energy regulation and long-term health.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/255726/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/joanna-fong-isariyawongse-1470879">Joanna Fong-Isariyawongse</a>, Associate Professor of Neurology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-pittsburgh-854">University of Pittsburgh</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/sleep-loss-rewires-the-brain-for-cravings-and-weight-gain-a-neurologist-explains-the-science-behind-the-cycle-255726">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / Ron Lach</em></p> </div>

Body

Jaws at 50: how two musical notes terrified an entire generation

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>Our experience of the world often involves hearing our environment before seeing it. Whether it’s the sound of something moving through nearby water, or the rustling of vegetation, our fear of the unseen is rooted in our survival instincts as a species.</p> <p>Cinematic sound and music taps into these somewhat unsettling instincts – and this is exactly what director Steven Spielberg and composer John Williams achieved in the iconic 1975 thriller <em>Jaws</em>. The sound design and musical score work in tandem to confront the audience with a mysterious killer animal.</p> <p>In what is arguably the film’s most iconic scene, featuring beach swimmers’ legs flailing underwater, the shark remains largely unseen – yet the sound perfectly conveys the threat at large.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rW23RsUTb2Y?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <h2>Creating tension in a soundtrack</h2> <p>Film composers aim to create soundscapes that will profoundly move and influence their audience. And they express these intentions through the use of musical elements such as rhythm, harmony, tempo, form, dynamics, melody and texture.</p> <p>In <em>Jaws</em>, the initial encounter with the shark opens innocently with the sound of an offshore buoy and its clanging bell. The scene is established both musically and atmospherically to evoke a sense of isolation for the two characters enjoying a late-night swim on an empty beach.</p> <p>But once we hear the the low strings, followed by the central two-note motif played on a tuba, we know something sinister is afoot.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yrEvK-tv5OI?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <p>This compositional technique of alternating between two notes at an increasing speed has long been employed by composers, including by Antonín Dvořák in his 1893 work <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOofzffyDSA&pp=ygUcdGhlIG5ldyB3b3JsZCBzeW1waG9ueSBuby4gOQ==">New World Symphony</a>.</p> <p>John Williams <a href="https://limelight-arts.com.au/features/the-music-of-jaws-an-interview-with-john-williams/">reportedly used</a> six basses, eight cellos, four trombones and a tuba to create the blend of low frequencies that would go on to define his entire Jaws score.</p> <p>The bass instruments emphasise the lower end of the musical frequency spectrum, evoking a dark timbre that conveys depth, power and intensity. String players can use various <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin_technique">bowing techniques</a>, such as staccato and marcato, to deliver dark and even menacing tones, especially in the lower registers.</p> <p>Meanwhile, there is a marked absence of tonality in the repeating E–F notes, played with increasing speed on the tuba. Coupled with the intensifying dynamics in the instrumental blend, this accelerating two-note motif signals the looming danger before we even see it – tapping into our instinctive fear of the unknown.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BQKLJ2MuHvY?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <p>The use of the two-note motif and lower-end orchestration characterises a composition style that aims to unsettle and disorientate the audience. Another example of this style can be heard in Bernard Herrmann’s <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kvzZ6nkZ6Q">car crash scene audio</a> in <em>North by Northwest</em> (1959).</p> <p>Similarly, in Sergei Prokofiev’s <em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Y4U7wNZu-CU%22%22">Scythian Suite</a></em>, the opening of the second movement (Dance of the Pagan Gods) uses an alternating D#–E motif.</p> <p>The elasticity of Williams’ motif allows the two notes to be played on different instruments throughout the soundtrack, exploring various timbral possibilities to induce a kaleidoscope of fear, panic and dread.</p> <h2>The psychology behind our response</h2> <p>What is it that makes the Jaws soundtrack so psychologically confronting, even without the visuals? Music scholars have various theories. <a href="https://boldentrance.com/the-power-of-jaws-is-in-john-williams-two-note-musical-score/">Some suggest</a> the two notes imitate the sound of human respiration, while others have proposed the theme evokes the heartbeat of a shark.</p> <p>Williams explained his approach <a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-ca-john-williams-20120108-story.html">in an interview</a> with the Los Angeles Times:</p> <blockquote> <p>I fiddled around with the idea of creating something that was very … brainless […] Meaning something could be very repetitious, very visceral, and grab you in your gut, not in your brain. […] It could be something you could play very softly, which would indicate that the shark is far away when all you see is water. Brainless music that gets louder and gets closer to you, something is gonna swallow you up.</p> </blockquote> <p>Williams plays with the audience’s emotions throughout the film’s score, culminating in the scene Man Against Beast – a celebration of thematic development and heightened orchestration.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xrjUIz7fy6c?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <p>The film’s iconic soundtrack has created a legacy that extends beyond the visual. And this suggests the score isn’t just a soundtrack – but a character in its own right.</p> <p>By using music to reveal what is hidden, Williams creates an intense emotional experience rife with anticipation and tension. The score’s two-note motif showcases his genius – and serves as a sonic shorthand that has kept a generation behind the breakers of every beach.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/258068/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/alison-cole-1443114">Alison Cole</a>, Composer and Lecturer in Screen Composition, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/jaws-at-50-how-two-musical-notes-terrified-an-entire-generation-258068">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: </em></p> </div>

Movies

"Mona Lisa moan": Mass tourism causes shutdown of The Louvre

<p>The Louvre Museum, global icon of art and culture, stood eerily silent on Monday as striking staff forced its sudden closure, leaving thousands of bewildered tourists stranded beneath its iconic glass pyramid.</p> <p>In a dramatic scene rarely witnessed at the world’s most-visited museum, the very people entrusted with preserving and presenting humanity’s greatest artistic treasures – from the Mona Lisa to the Venus de Milo – walked off the job in protest at what they describe as dangerous overcrowding, chronic understaffing, and decaying infrastructure.</p> <p>“It’s the Mona Lisa moan out here,” quipped Kevin Ward, 62, a visitor from Milwaukee, as he waited in an unmoving queue. “Thousands of people waiting, no communication, no explanation. I guess even she needs a day off.”</p> <p>The walkout came without warning during a routine internal meeting, as gallery attendants, security staff and ticket agents jointly refused to take their posts. While the Louvre has closed its doors in the past – during wars, the pandemic, or in isolated strikes — rarely has it done so so abruptly, leaving crowds with tickets in hand and nowhere to go.</p> <p>Monday’s strike follows a wave of anti-tourism protests across southern Europe just a day earlier, where thousands in cities like Venice, Lisbon and Barcelona rallied against what they say is the destructive impact of mass tourism.</p> <p>Inside the Louvre, workers say they’ve reached a breaking point. “We can’t wait six years for help,” said gallery attendant Sarah Sefian, referring to President Emmanuel Macron’s decade-long “Louvre New Renaissance” rescue plan announced earlier this year. “Our teams are under pressure now. It’s not just about the art – it’s about the people protecting it.”</p> <p>The Mona Lisa lies at the heart of the storm. Around 20,000 visitors daily cram into the Salle des États to glimpse da Vinci’s masterpiece – a scene more akin to a rock concert than a contemplative art experience. “You don’t see a painting,” lamented Ji-Hyun Park, 28, visiting from Seoul. “You see phones. You see elbows. You feel heat. And then, you’re pushed out.”</p> <p>Macron’s ambitious plan promises a dedicated Mona Lisa room, a new Seine-side entrance, and a modernised visitor experience by 2031. Yet staff argue that these promises mask a deeper crisis, with state funding for the Louvre’s operations shrinking by more than 20% over the past decade even as visitor numbers have soared.</p> <p>“We take it very badly that Monsieur Le President makes his speeches here,” said Sefian. “Scratch the surface and the financial support gets worse every year.”</p> <p>Louvre president Laurence des Cars, in a leaked memo, described parts of the building as “no longer watertight” and warned of dangerous temperature fluctuations that could threaten priceless artworks. She characterised the visitor experience as “a physical ordeal,” citing limited bathrooms, poor signage and few rest areas, exacerbated by the pyramid’s greenhouse effect in summer heat.</p> <p>By late Monday, workers said they might briefly reopen a limited “masterpiece route” – offering access to the Mona Lisa and other highlights – but the full museum is expected to remain closed until at least Wednesday.</p> <p>As the Louvre teeters between record-breaking crowds and crumbling infrastructure, staff and visitors alike are left grappling with an unsettling reality: France’s most cherished cultural treasure is struggling to cope with the very popularity that makes it world-famous.</p> <p>Images: Instagram / Pexels / Mahmut</p>

Travel Trouble

Weight loss drug approved to treat sleep apnoea

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>Last week, Australia’s <a href="https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2023-PI-02114-1&d=20250603172310101">Therapeutic Goods Administration</a> (TGA) approved <a href="https://www.afr.com/companies/healthcare-and-fitness/tga-approves-weight-loss-drug-to-treat-sleep-disorder-20250604-p5m4vq">the weight-loss drug Mounjaro</a> to treat sleep apnoea, a condition in which breathing stops and starts repeatedly during sleep.</p> <p>The TGA has indicated Mounjaro can be used to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with obesity (a body-mass index of 30 or above).</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-medication-obstructive-sleep-apnea">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> approved the same drug for sleep apnoea last year.</p> <p>So how could this drug, most commonly used for weight management and conditions such as type 2 diabetes, help people with sleep apnoea?</p> <h2>What is sleep apnoea?</h2> <p>Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common sleep disorder affecting almost <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(19)30198-5/abstract#:%7E:text=To%20our%20knowledge%2C%20this%20is,and%20to%20maximise%20cost%2Deffectiveness.">1 billion people</a> worldwide. It’s characterised by repeated closures of the airway during sleep (called “<a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obstructive-sleep-apnoea">apnoeas</a>”). These can be partial or complete closures, meaning breathing can become shallow or stop completely.</p> <p>As well as causing fragmented sleep, repeated collapse of the airway disrupts oxygen flow to the body. This strains the heart and contributes to an increased risk of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875213620300413">cardiovascular and metabolic complications</a> <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11172971/">such as</a> diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke.</p> <p>One of the key risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea is obesity. About <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9130173/">80% of people</a> with the condition live with obesity. In fact, obesity and sleep apnoea share a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939475325001681">bidirectional relationship</a>, with obesity increasing the risk of developing sleep apnoea, and vice versa.</p> <p>Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnoea by adding fat around the neck, which narrows the airway and impacts breathing during sleep.</p> <p>In turn, sleep apnoea can contribute to weight gain by disrupting hormones that regulate hunger (ghrelin) and fullness signals (leptin). Fatigue also contributes, making it harder to maintain a healthy weight and easier to gain weight over time, creating <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5836788/">a vicious cycle</a> where each condition worsens the other.</p> <p>Weight loss is a key part of <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9059581/">treating sleep apnoea</a>. It helps reduce the severity of symptoms and also lowers the risk of heart disease and other health problems which may arise as a result of <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7874414/">sleep apnoea</a>. However, achieving and sustaining weight loss through lifestyle changes is often challenging.</p> <p>A continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine is generally the <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2024/june/management-of-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-in-primary">first-line therapy</a> for managing moderate to severe sleep apnoea. It delivers a steady stream of pressurised air through a mask to keep the airway open during sleep, which stabilises breathing and improves sleep quality.</p> <p>Despite being an effective treatment, many people find the CPAP machine uncomfortable, unattractive or hard to use regularly. This can mean people don’t always <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684472/">stick to it</a>.</p> <p>Given the significant human and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34015136/">economic costs of sleep apnoea</a> it’s pertinent to keep exploring new prevention and management strategies.</p> <h2>What is Mounjaro, and how could it help people with sleep apnoea?</h2> <p>Mounjaro is the brand name of a drug called tirzepatide. Elsewhere, it goes by other brand names, such as Zepbound.</p> <p>Tirzepatide works by <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2116506119">mimicking two hormone receptors</a> in the gut, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).</p> <p>These <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212877818309001">two hormones</a> play a key role in regulating our appetite, food intake and blood sugar levels. GLP-1 and GIP are released naturally in the body when we eat, but by mimicking their effects, tirzepatide allows people to feel fuller with smaller meals.</p> <p>If a person is eating less overall, this can lead to weight loss.</p> <p>In <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2404881">a study of 469 people</a> with obesity and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea, one year of tirzepatide treatment was associated with up to a 60% reduction in sleep apnoea severity. This is compared to a 3% reduction in people receiving a placebo.</p> <p>In addition, evidence shows tirzepatide is associated with improvements in <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11598664/pdf/nihms-2005020.pdf">several key health indicators</a>, including reduced systemic inflammation, <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11972082/">enhanced insulin sensitivity</a> and lower blood pressure. Changes <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10157777/">such as these</a> may improve respiratory function and help protect against cardiovascular and metabolic complications, which are common outcomes of untreated sleep apnoea.</p> <h2>Are there any side effects?</h2> <p>While Mounjaro could be helpful for people with sleep apnoea, gastrointestinal <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10088547/pdf/jomes-32-1-25.pdf">side effects</a> are relatively common with this medication. These can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation and loss of appetite. These side effects typically go away as the person gets used to the medication.</p> <p>Some patients have also reported <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2790392">gallbladder problems</a>.</p> <p>Despite these concerns, there is an <a href="https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/343603/20250405-83416-dhs9d8.pdf">interest in Mounjaro as sleep apnoea treatment</a> as it provides the first pharmaceutical option for a condition that has traditionally relied on mechanical treatments such as CPAP machines.</p> <p>That said, it’s important to note Mounjaro is indicated for use in patients with obesity, and <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9130173/">not all patients</a> with sleep apnoea are overweight or obese.</p> <p>In some <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(25)00153-1/fulltext?rss=yes">people of a healthy weight</a>, narrow skeletal structure or upper airway anatomy, such as larger soft palates (which can reduce airway space and make it more prone to collapse during sleep), could contribute to obstructive sleep apnoea.</p> <p>For those patients, non-pharmacological treatment options such as mandibular advancement devices (oral appliances that move the lower jaw forward and keep the airway open) and upper airway surgery may be needed to effectively manage the condition.</p> <p>Mounjaro is given as a weekly injection. In Australia, Mounjaro is not currently subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and is available only by private prescription, with prices beginning at around <a href="https://cosmeticclinic.net.au/mounjaro-australia-cost/#:%7E:text=On%20average%2C%20the%20cost%20of%20Mounjaro%20in%20Australia,the%20frequency%20of%20use%20and%20the%20required%20dosage.">A$395 per month</a>. The significant out-of-pocket cost will limit access to Mounjaro for many patients.</p> <p>Mounjaro’s approval for the treatment of sleep apnoea may offer new hope for many people. But considering the diversity in patient presentations and limited data from large population studies, it’s too early to say whether this will transform sleep apnoea care in Australia.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/258195/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/yaqoot-fatima-2407464">Yaqoot Fatima</a>, Professor of Sleep Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-the-sunshine-coast-1068">University of the Sunshine Coast</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nisreen-aouira-2407465">Nisreen Aouira</a>, Research Program Manager, Thompson Institute, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-the-sunshine-coast-1068">University of the Sunshine Coast</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-weight-loss-drug-mounjaro-has-been-approved-to-treat-sleep-apnoea-how-does-it-work-258195">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

Body

Ash Barty welcomes baby girl in sweet family news

<p>Retired tennis champion Ash Barty has delighted fans with the joyful announcement of the birth of her second child, a baby girl named Jordan.</p> <p>The 29-year-old sporting icon shared the happy news on Instagram on Monday, posting a touching black-and-white photo of the newborn alongside a heartfelt caption: “Welcome to the world, Jordan. You are loved unconditionally and we are so grateful to have you in our arms, gorgeous girl.”</p> <p>The update was met with a flood of warm wishes from fellow athletes and fans alike. Former tennis star Sam Stosur wrote, “Congrats Ash and Garry. How exciting to welcome Jordan into your family. She’s a lucky girl.” Swimmer-turned-commentator Gian Rooney and Ash’s close friend Casey Dellacqua also sent their congratulations, with Dellacqua adding, “Here she is. Hi gorgeous Jordan. Can’t wait to cuddle you soon. Good job Mum and Dad xx.”</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DK8dBirBLqX/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DK8dBirBLqX/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Ash Barty (@ashbarty)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>Little Jordan joins big brother Hayden, who turns two next month. In a heartwarming Christmas Day post last year, Barty and Kissick had recruited their toddler to help announce the pregnancy, sharing a photo of him in a T-shirt that read, “I am going to be a big brother”.</p> <p>Barty, who stunned the world by retiring from professional tennis in 2022 after winning three grand slams – including the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon – has embraced life beyond the court. Since stepping away, she’s published children’s books, released her memoir <em>My Dream Time</em>, launched a foundation, and mentored rising tennis talent Olivia Gadecki.</p> <p>Ash and Garry, who <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/lifestyle/relationships/adorable-honeymoon-photos-of-ash-barty-and-husband-garry-kissick" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tied the knot</a> in a private ceremony in Queensland in 2022, now look forward to life as a family of four, with their latest bundle of joy already bringing smiles to loved ones near and far.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Family & Pets

Royal family shares sweet Father’s Day moment with Prince William

<p>Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis have delighted royal fans by sharing a heartwarming Father’s Day tribute to their “Papa”, Prince William.</p> <p>The post, shared on the official social media pages of the Prince and Princess of Wales, features two joyful photos captioned “before and after” – showing the children first hugging their father, and then in a playful heap on top of him.</p> <p>“Happy Father’s Day, Papa (before and after!) We love you! G, C & L,” the message read.</p> <p>The candid images were captured earlier this year in Norfolk by photographer Josh Shinner, who also took Prince Louis’s birthday portraits. One photo shows Prince William, dressed casually in a green jumper and jeans, with his arms around George, 11, and Charlotte, 10, as Louis, seven, beams in front. The second picture captures a fun moment with the family bundled together, lying on grass dotted with daffodils.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Happy Father’s Day, Papa (before and after!) We love you! G, C & L 💖 </p> <p>📸 Josh Shinner <a href="https://t.co/elSVlgcyWQ">pic.twitter.com/elSVlgcyWQ</a></p> <p>— The Prince and Princess of Wales (@KensingtonRoyal) <a href="https://twitter.com/KensingtonRoyal/status/1934159671868223532?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 15, 2025</a></p></blockquote> <p>The post comes just a day after the family marked Trooping the Colour, celebrating King Charles’s official birthday, with another rare posed photo.</p> <p>Royal Father’s Day tributes are a cherished tradition. Last year, Prince William shared a nostalgic snap of himself playing football with King Charles in 1984, while this year Buckingham Palace posted touching images of Prince Philip with a young King Charles, and the Queen with her father on her wedding day.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">To all Dads everywhere, we wish you a happy Father’s Day today. <a href="https://t.co/pqIK97NqlW">pic.twitter.com/pqIK97NqlW</a></p> <p>— The Royal Family (@RoyalFamily) <a href="https://twitter.com/RoyalFamily/status/1934159021633675308?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 15, 2025</a></p></blockquote> <p>The message from Buckingham Palace echoed the warm sentiment: “To all Dads everywhere, we wish you a happy Father’s Day today.”</p> <p><em>Images: X (Formerly Twitter)</em></p>

Family & Pets

New book seeks to understand what old age is for

<div class="theconversation-article-body">The “memoir boom” of the past few decades has brought an extraordinary expansion in the kinds of work written in the first person. Some offer new approaches, focusing on aspects or phases of the author’s life or feelings.</p> <p>Alongside these, a kind of hybrid form has developed in which authors, while not seeking to produce a memoir, include extensive discussion of their personal experience and reflections to illustrate different themes and issues.</p> <p>Bloomer, by Carol Lefevre, is a hybrid work of this latter kind. The author tells us quite a lot about herself and her current life, especially her experience of ageing. She deals at some length with her grief at losing her mother and with her own health issues. She makes clear her resentment of the growing invisibility that is such a common experience for older women, and her irritation at being patronised and discounted because of her age when engaging in journalism.</p> <p>Nonetheless Bloomer is not and does not present itself as a memoir. It is, as we are told very clearly at the start, a book about women and ageing in a society in which ageism is widespread – and directed particularly at women. It is seeking also to offer pathways that allow the possibility of flourishing in old age, written by a woman who is using herself as an example.</p> <p>The negative ways that ageing, especially women’s ageing, is seen and dealt with in contemporary Australian society and culture is evident from the start. She finds the prospect of “ageing in a time and place that does not value old people” “daunting”. Having devoted much of her life to activism of various kinds, she has decided to take on ageism.</p> <p>The book itself is a form of activism, concerned not only to critique and raise awareness about the many different forms of ageism that abound, but:</p> <blockquote> <p>to question the ageist narrative of decline and decrepitude, of ageing as a road that only runs downhill.</p> </blockquote> <p>Women today, Lefevre points out, enter old age with laptops and mobile phones and a range of new possibilities. It is within this framework that the concept of blooming is so important.</p> <h2>Tending to one’s garden</h2> <p>For Lefevre, the great consolation and antidote to ageing is gardening. She writes movingly of her immense pleasure in tending a small, walled garden which enables her to watch her flowers, herbs and trees bloom and flourish. Her enthusiasm for gardening is one of the most engaging aspects of the book.</p> <p>She includes several sections from her own gardening journals interspersed between chapters. Some of these depict the changing seasons, providing the structure for the book. There are also discussions of the ideas and practices of other gardeners and of the writing about gardens of several authors including Vita Sackville-West, Sylvia Townsend-Warner and an author who seems generally to be one of Lefevre’s favourites: <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Colette">Colette</a>.</p> <p>In the clearest illustration of how this book is intended to offer a pathway that others should follow, Lefevre points out how beneficial gardening is. Research has shown, we are told, getting one’s hands in the soil, “boosts serotonin levels and that serotonin, a natural antidepressant, strengthens the immune system”. No other group of people is so in need of garden therapy she insists “as those of us contemplating the more than half-empty glass”.</p> <p>As she contemplates the whole question of ageing and seeks to come to terms with her experiences, Lefevre turns not only to gardening, but to literature. Although insistent there are no novels with older women as heroines or central figures, she cites several novelists, memoirists, and writers of short stories who address ageing in their work, sometimes in insightful ways.</p> <p>Gardening writers are important here too. Lefevre deals with her own pain at her changing sense of time and losing a sense of herself at a younger age, for example, not only by gardening, but by reading Sackville-West, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Virginia Woolf. The slight she receives as an older woman seeking to photograph two young men for a magazine (involving a throw-away line about “old grannies”) leads her to the <a href="https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-grey-haired-and-radiant-reimagining-ageing-for-women-182336">reflections on ageing</a> and to a discussion of others who have written well about ageing: May Sarton and Doris Lessing.</p> <p>Alongside her own experiences, Lefevre deals with some of the serious issues and problems confronting older women. While she has a home and a garden, many other women face a crisis in terms of shelter and finding a place to live. Bemoaning the end of multi-generational families in which the elderly lives at home, she discusses the alarming incidence of homelessness among ageing single women. Residential care is sometimes available, but not without problems.</p> <p>One that concerns her particularly is that of unexpected intimacy, which is sometimes an affront to adult children and to nursing home administrators not accustomed to thinking about love in relation to ageing bodies. Loneliness too is dealt with here and so inevitably, is death and the question of voluntary assisted dying.</p> <p>The book provides useful information and reflections on many issues that face older women in a very accessible way. But it is not always an easy or engaging read. The hybrid form is clearly an issue here as the linking of personal experience and general discussion is sometimes a little awkward.</p> <h2>Still blooming</h2> <p>While being told about the author’s life, we are always held at arm’s length from her. One yearns sometimes for the kind of intimacy that allows the reader to share the author’s feelings, as we find in some memoirs of ageing, Diana Athill’s <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/5960563-somewhere-towards-the-end">Somewhere Towards the End</a>, for example.</p> <p>There is also something slightly problematic about Lefevre’s central concern. In seeking to understand and overcome ageism, she wants not only to write sympathetically about women and ageing, but “to understand what old age is for”.</p> <p>I must confess to finding it hard to understand precisely what this statement means. Stages of life, in general, do not seem to be “for” anything. They are a necessary part of life and move one on to the next stage. In the case of old age, it is hard to see this could be anything other than moving one on to very old age – and inevitably death.</p> <figure class="align-left zoomable"><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>This concern to find a meaning and purpose for old age is linked to the sense of activism against ageism, something the author claims not only for herself, but enjoins other bloomers to undertake too. Having been shaped in the social and protest movements of the sixties, she wants us all to “do something about changing the ageing narrative” by talking about age and “rescuing the word ‘old’ from its position of insult”.</p> <p>There is no question about the extent and nature of ageism in Australia – especially in relation to women. Nor is there any doubt many older people, especially women, suffer from homelessness and isolation.</p> <p>At the same time, there is little recognition of the many facilities and social organisations available to older people or advocating for them, including the University of the Third Age or National Seniors Australia, or of the many ways “seniors” organise themselves – in walking, travel, theatre, film and book groups.</p> <p>The slightly embattled sense one has of the author and her enjoining of others to become active with her in protesting against the negative narratives of ageing seems to belie the many ways other older women are continuing to bloom.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/253130/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/barbara-caine-205093">Barbara Caine</a>, Professor Emerita of History, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-new-book-seeks-to-understand-what-old-age-is-for-but-is-this-the-right-question-253130">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Carol Lefevre / Affirm Press</em></p> </div>

Books

Is it better to shower in the morning or at night?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>It’s a question that’s long been the cause of debate: is it better to shower in the morning or at night?</p> <p>Morning shower enthusiasts will say this is the obvious winner, as it helps you wake up and start the day fresh. Night shower loyalists, on the other hand, will argue it’s better to “wash the day away” and relax before bed.</p> <p>But what does the research actually say? As a microbiologist, I can tell you there actually is a clear answer to this question.</p> <p>First off, it’s important to stress that showering is an integral part of any good hygiene routine — regardless of when you prefer to have one.</p> <p>Showering helps us remove dirt and oil from <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2015.2586">our skin</a>, which can help prevent skin rashes and infections.</p> <p>Showering also removes sweat, which can quell body odour.</p> <p>Although many of us think that body odour is caused by sweat, it’s actually produced by bacteria that live on the surface of our skin. Fresh sweat is, in fact, odourless. But skin-dwelling bacteria – specifically <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/staphylococcus-aureus/about/index.html">staphylococci</a> – use sweat as a direct nutrient source. When they break down the sweat, it releases a sulphur-containing compound called <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-68860-z">thioalcohols</a> which is behind that pungent BO stench many of us are familiar with.</p> <h2>Day or night?</h2> <p>During the day, your body and hair inevitably collect pollutants and allergens (such as dust and pollen) alongside their usual accumulation of sweat and sebaceous oil. While some of these particles will be <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.16378">retained by your clothes</a>, others will inevitably be transferred to your <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364170/">sheets and pillow cases</a>.</p> <p>The sweat and oil from you skin will also support the growth of the bacteria that comprise your <a href="https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article-abstract/362/16/fnv111/558026?redirectedFrom=fulltext">skin microbiome</a>. These bacteria may then also be transferred from your body <a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=40029">onto your sheets</a>.</p> <p>Showering at night may remove some of the allergens, sweat and oil picked up during the day so less ends up on your bedsheets.</p> <p>However, even if you’ve freshly showered before bed, you will still <a href="https://washingtoncitypaper.com/article/221338/straight-dope-do-you-really-sweat-one-liter-each-night/">sweat during the night</a> – whatever the temperature is. Your skin microbes will then eat the nutrients in that sweat. This means that by the morning, you’ll have both deposited microbes onto your bed sheets and you’ll probably also wake up with some BO.</p> <p>What particularly negates the cleaning benefits of a night shower is if your bedding is not regularly laundered. The odour causing microbes present in your bed sheets may be transferred while you sleep onto your clean body.</p> <p>Showering at night also does not stop your <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.18.1.16">skin cells</a> being shed. This means they can potentially become the food source of house dust mites, whose waste can be allergenic. If you don’t regularly wash your sheets, this could lead to a build-up of dead skin cell deposits which will feed more dust mites. The droppings from these dust mites can <a href="https://aafa.org/allergies/types-of-allergies/insect-allergy/dust-mite-allergy/">trigger allergies</a> and <a href="https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/living-with/indoor-air-pollution/home#dust-mites">exacerbate asthma</a>.</p> <p>Morning showers, on the other hand, can help remove dead skin cells as well as any sweat or bacteria you’ve picked up from your bed sheets during the night. This is especially important to do if your sheets weren’t freshly washed when you went to bed.</p> <p>A morning shower suggests your body will be cleaner of night-acquired <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7690701/">skin microbes</a> when putting on fresh clothes. You’ll also start the day with less sweat for odour-producing bacteria to feed on – which will probably help you smell fresher for longer during the day compared to someone who showered at night. As a microbiologist, I am a day shower advocate.</p> <p>Of course, everyone has their own shower preference. Whatever time you choose, remember that the effectiveness of your shower is influenced by many aspects of your personal hygiene regime – such as how frequently you <a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=40029">wash your bed sheets</a>.</p> <p>So regardless of whether your prefer a morning or evening shower, it’s important to clean your bed linen regularly. You should launder your sheets and pillow cases at least weekly to remove all the sweat, bacteria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.18.1.16">dead skin cells</a> and sebaceous oils that have built up on your sheets.</p> <p>Washing will also remove any <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/all.16378">fungal spores</a> that might be growing on the bed linen – alongside the nutrient sources these odour producing microbes use to grow.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/256242/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/primrose-freestone-315921">Primrose Freestone</a>, Senior Lecturer in Clinical Microbiology, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-leicester-1053">University of Leicester</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/is-it-better-to-shower-in-the-morning-or-at-night-heres-what-a-microbiologist-says-256242">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / </em><em>Caique the Creator</em></p> <p> </p> </div>

Body

"Call me Brax": Footy star reveals newborn's name

<p>Former AFLW star Abbey Holmes and husband Keegan Brooksby have shared the joyful news of the arrival of their first child – a beautiful baby boy named Braxton John Brooksby.</p> <p>In a heartwarming Instagram post filled with adorable newborn photos, the couple introduced their son to the world with the caption: “Hi Everybody!! My name is Braxton John Brooksby but my friends can call me Brax.”</p> <p>Holmes, 33, shared a few sweet details about Braxton’s birth, revealing that he arrived via caesarean section at 5:49pm on June 6, weighing 3.585 kilograms.</p> <p>“Mummy labored all day on Friday, only for me to be born via c section… My head was faaaar too large so we had to change our plans late in the piece!” the post joked, before adding, “I’m suuuuuuuuuper cute & Mum and Dad are obsessed with me! @kjbrooksby.”</p> <p>The announcement was quickly met with an outpouring of love from friends and fans alike. Olympian Steph Rice wrote, “Awwww my gosh, congratulations you two❤️🥰,” while fellow <em>Survivor</em> contestant Sharn Coombs commented, “Welcome to the world beautiful Braxton! Can’t wait to meet you.”</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKwDrdUyuWA/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKwDrdUyuWA/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Abbey Holmes (@abbeycholmes)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The journey to parenthood has been a memorable one for the couple, who discovered they were expecting shortly after Holmes completed the New York Marathon last November. They spent the festive season sharing the exciting news with loved ones, and made it public with a gorgeous photoshoot on New Year’s Day.</p> <p>“This year is certainly set to be our biggest & best yet, with the ultimate little teammate joining us in June!!” they wrote at the time.</p> <p>The arrival of baby Brax caps off a huge year for Holmes and Brooksby, who tied the knot just last year. Now, they’re celebrating a new and even more exciting chapter – parenthood.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Family & Pets

Today show reporter shares happy news

<p>Congratulations are pouring in for Today reporter Izabella Staskowski, who has announced she is expecting her first child with fiancé Drew Jones.</p> <p>The couple shared the heartwarming news on Instagram, posting a glowing photo of themselves standing on a Queensland beach at sunrise. In the picture, Jones lovingly cradles Staskowski’s baby bump while the two beam with excitement.</p> <p>“We can’t wait to meet you,” the caption read – a simple but joyful message that has already sparked an outpouring of love and excitement from friends, family and fans alike.</p> <p>"Congratulations! How beautiful," wrote Channel Nine Traffic Reporter Marina Ivanovic, while Channel 7 reporter Tyra Stowers added, "I can't wait either. So gorg, love you both."</p> <p>Channel Nine’s Zac Bailey also joined in with the well wishes, commenting: "Congrats guys! So stoked for you both."</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKq5EmRzx2F/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKq5EmRzx2F/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Iza Staskowski (@izastaskowski)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>This latest chapter in the couple’s love story comes just six months after their dreamy engagement. In December last year, Jones popped the question by the water at sunset, accompanied by their beloved dogs, Dennis and Raymond.</p> <p>"06.12.24 🤍," they captioned a carousel of pictures capturing the romantic moment. One photo shows Staskowski hugging her now-fiancé with a sparkling oval-cut solitaire diamond ring on her finger. Another shows Jones on one knee as the couple gazes into each other’s eyes.</p> <p>Their love story has been unfolding publicly and joyfully. Just months before their engagement, the couple celebrated another major milestone – buying their first home together. “We bought Dennis & Raymond a home,” they joked in an Instagram post from July, featuring happy snaps of the pair holding up their new keys. Sitting on the floor of their new living room with pizza boxes and champagne, the couple looked ready to take on the next stage of life.</p> <p>Now, with a baby on the way, that next stage has truly arrived – and it seems the growing family couldn’t be happier.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Family & Pets

"A very difficult, haunted life": Tributes flow for one of the world's most revered artists

<p><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">Brian Wilson, co-founder of the Beach Boys and the troubled genius behind some of the most beloved music in rock history, has died aged 82.</span></p> <p>His family announced the news in a statement published on Wilson’s website early Thursday (Australian time), saying they were “at a loss for words” and that they “realise that we are sharing our grief with the world.” No cause of death was disclosed.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKxHMogupsf/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DKxHMogupsf/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Brian Wilson (@brianwilsonlive)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>Wilson had been living under a conservatorship since early 2024, following the death of his wife Melinda. Diagnosed with dementia and no longer able to care for himself, the man who once conjured up sounds as warm and perfect as a California summer spent his final months in silence and seclusion.</p> <p>Born in June 1942, Wilson was the visionary architect of the Beach Boys’ signature sound – angelic harmonies, symphonic arrangements and an aching sense of longing beneath the surface of sun-drenched lyrics. From Surfin’ USA and California Girls to the transcendent God Only Knows and Good Vibrations, his work helped define an era – and inspired generations of artists.</p> <p>Wilson formed the band in 1961 with his brothers Dennis and Carl, cousin Mike Love and school friend Al Jardine. Together, they captured the youthful exuberance of California with 36 Top 40 hits. Yet the joy in the music stood in stark contrast to the pain in Wilson’s life.</p> <p>Abused by his father and haunted by mental illness, Wilson suffered his first breakdown in 1966 and soon retreated from live performances. He famously poured his creative energy into the landmark Pet Sounds, a record that initially puzzled US audiences but would go on to become one of the most revered albums of all time.</p> <p>“It was a symphonic reflection on the loss of innocence,” Wilson said later – a summation of the emotional depth and fragility that marked much of his life’s work.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Heard the sad news about Brian today and thought about all the years I’ve been listening to him and admiring his genius. Rest in peace dear Brian.</p> <p>— Bob Dylan (@bobdylan) <a href="https://twitter.com/bobdylan/status/1932915106733584527?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 11, 2025</a></p></blockquote> <p>Yet even as Wilson shaped the sound of modern music, his inner world was crumbling. He battled schizoaffective disorder, heard voices, fell into drug addiction, and became a recluse – at one point, lying in bed for weeks at a time, rarely bathing, growing obese and isolating himself from even those closest to him.</p> <p>His struggle for stability led him into the care of controversial therapist Eugene Landy, whose extreme methods – including locking the refrigerator and controlling all aspects of Wilson’s life – would later be deemed exploitative. Landy was eventually removed from Wilson’s life following a court case brought by his family.</p> <p>Despite brief comebacks, Wilson’s later career never reached the heights of his early brilliance. He appeared frail and tentative in performances, a shadow of the radiant spirit who once made the world dance.</p> <p>He last toured in 2022.</p> <p>Wilson was portrayed in the 2014 biopic <em>Love & Mercy</em>, a poignant film that brought renewed appreciation for the depth of his suffering and the greatness of his art.</p> <p>In a 2007 interview, Wilson offered a quiet summation of his legacy: “I’ve lived a very, very difficult, haunted life.”</p> <p>And yet, through all the darkness, he gave the world songs that shimmered with light.</p> <p>Brian Wilson is survived by his daughters Carnie and Wendy – who found pop success in the 1990s with Wilson Phillips – and five children he shared with Melinda, whom he met when she sold him a car.</p> <p>The music he made continues to echo across generations. His voice may be gone, but his vibrations – good, bad and transcendent – will never fade.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Caring

Unexpected side-effects of Ozempic and Wegovy

<div class="theconversation-article-body">Ozempic and Wegovy have been hailed as wonder drugs when it comes to weight loss. But as the drug has become more widely used, a number of unintended side-effects have become apparent – with the weight loss drug affecting the appearance of everything from <a href="https://www.today.com/health/diet-fitness/ozempic-butt-rcna164286">your butt</a> to <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-14621617/hollywood-feet-ozempic.html">your feet</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/a-2148-6321">“Ozempic face”</a> is another commonly reported consequences of using these popular weight loss drugs. This is a sunken or hollowed out appearance the face can take on in people taking weight loss drugs. It can also increase signs of ageing – including lines, wrinkles and sagging skin.</p> <p>This happens because semaglutide (the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10092593/">active ingredient</a> in both Ozempic and Wegovy) isn’t localised to act just on the fat we want to lose. Instead, it targets all of our body’s fat – including in the face.</p> <p>But it isn’t just the appearance of your face that semaglutide affects. These drugs may also affect the mouth and teeth, too. And these side-effects could potentially lead to lasting damage.</p> <h2>Dry mouth</h2> <p>Semaglutide effects the salivary glands in the mouth. It does this by reducing saliva production (<a href="https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-023-03192-8">hyposalivation</a>), which can in turn <a href="https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/why-ozempic-cause-dry-mouth-taste-changes-3575056/">lead to dry mouth</a> (<a href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/dry-mouth">xerostomia</a>). This means there isn’t enough saliva to keep the mouth wet.</p> <p>It isn’t exactly clear why semaglutide has this effect on the salivary glands. But in animal studies of the drug, it appears the drug <a href="https://www.jbtr.or.kr/archive/view_article?pid=jbtr-24-4-139">makes saliva stickier</a>. This means there’s less fluid to moisten the mouth, causing it to dry out.</p> <p>GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs (such as semaglutide) can also <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16809911/">reduce water intake</a> by affecting <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3233845/">areas in the brain</a> responsible for thirst. Low fluid intake further <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3233845/">reduces saliva production</a>, and may even cause the saliva to become <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10754586">thick and frothy</a> and the tongue to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38206684/">become sticky</a>.</p> <h2>Bad breath</h2> <p>One other commonly reported unwanted effect by semaglutide users is <a href="https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14298799/how-ozempic-has-the-potential-to-cause-halitosis">bad breath</a> (halitosis).</p> <p>When there’s less saliva flowing through the mouth, this <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10439028/">encourages bacteria</a> that contribute to bad breath and the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10439028/">formation of cavities</a> to thrive. These bacterial species include <em><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6615571/">Streptococcus mutans</a></em> and some strains of <em><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4547204/">Lactobacillus</a></em>.</p> <p>Another species that has been shown to thrive in conditions where saliva is reduced is <em><a href="https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article-abstract/333/1/1/586464?redirectedFrom=fulltext">Porphyromonas gingivalis</a></em>. This bacteria is a significant contributor to the production of volatile sulphur compounds, which <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2871590/">cause the foul odours</a> characteristic of halitosis.</p> <p>Another factor that might explain why semaglutide causes bad breath is because less saliva being produced means the tongue isn’t cleaned. This is the same reason why your “morning breath” is so bad, because we naturally produce less saliva at night. This allows bacteria to grow and produce odours. <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10754586/">Case report images</a> show some people taking semaglutide have a “furry”-like or coated appearance to their tongue. This indicates a build up of bacteria that contribute to bad breath.</p> <h2>Tooth damage</h2> <p>One of the <a href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/209637s020s021lbl.pdf">major side-effects</a> of Ozempic is <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183">vomiting</a>. Semaglutide slows how quickly the stomach empties, delaying digestion which can lead to bloating, nausea and vomiting.</p> <p><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10573129/">Repeated vomiting</a> can <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12139263/">damage the teeth</a>. This is because stomach acid, composed primarily of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279304/">hydrochloric acid</a>, erodes the enamel of the teeth. Where vomiting occurs over a prolonged period of months and years the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4125596">more damage will occur</a>. The <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4125596/">back surface of the teeth</a> (palatal surface) closest to the tongue are more likely to see damage – and this damage may not be obvious to the sufferer.</p> <p>Vomiting also <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555956/">reduces the amount of fluid</a> in the body. When combined with reduced saliva production, this puts the teeth at even greater risk of damage. This is because saliva helps <a href="https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(82)80286-2/pdf">neutralise the acid</a> that causes dental damage.</p> <p>Saliva also contributes to the dental pellicle – a thin, protective layer that the saliva forms on the surface of the teeth. It’s thickest on the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00220345990780120901">tongue-facing surface</a> of the bottom row of teeth. In people who produce less saliva, the dental pellicle <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oral-health/articles/10.3389/froh.2023.1260442/full">contains fewer mucins</a> – a type of mucus which helps saliva <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/10454411900010040201">stick to the teeth</a>.</p> <h2>Reducing the risk of damage</h2> <p>If you’re taking semaglutide, there are many things you can do to keep your mouth healthy.</p> <p>Drinking water regularly during the day can help to keep the oral surfaces from drying out. This helps maintain your natural <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34642755/">oral microbiome</a>, which can reduce the risk of an overgrowth of the bacteria that cause bad breath and tooth damage.</p> <p>Drinking plenty of water also enables the body to <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5052503/">produce the saliva needed</a> to prevent dry mouth, ideally the recommended daily amount of six to eight glasses. Chewing sugar-free gum is also a sensible option as it helps to encourage saliva production. Swallowing this saliva keeps the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542251/">valuable fluid within the body</a>. Gums <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20594055/">containing eucalyptus</a> may help to prevent halitosis, too.</p> <p>There’s some evidence that probiotics may help to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36600415/">alleviate bad breath</a>, at least in the short term. Using a <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8173312/">probiotic supplements</a> or consuming probiotic-rich foods (such as yoghurt or kefir) may be a good idea.</p> <p>Practising good <a href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-hygiene">basic oral hygiene</a>, tooth brushing, reducing acidic foods and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25227396/">sugary drinks</a> and using <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10690548/">a mouthwash</a> all help to protect your teeth as well.</p> <p>Women are <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7567832/">twice as likely</a> to have side-effects when taking GLP-1 receptor agonists – including <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8950819/">gastrointestinal symptoms</a> such as vomiting. This may be due to the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which can <a href="https://time.com/7020911/women-gut-health-ibs-ibd">alter the gut’s sensitivity</a>. To avoid vomiting, try eating smaller meals since the stomach stays fuller for longer while taking semaglutide.</p> <p>If you are sick, don’t immediately brush your teeth as this will spread the stomach’s acid over the surface of the teeth and increase the risk of damage. Instead, rinse your mouth out with water or mouthwash to reduce the strength of the acid and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing.</p> <p>It isn’t clear how long these side effects last, they’ll likely disappear when the medication is stopped, but any damage to the teeth is permanent. Gastrointestinal side-effects can last a few weeks but <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9821052/">usually resolve on their own</a> unless a higher dose is taken.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/257859/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/adam-taylor-283950">Adam Taylor</a>, Professor of Anatomy, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/lancaster-university-1176">Lancaster University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/dry-mouth-bad-breath-and-tooth-damage-the-effects-ozempic-and-wegovy-can-have-on-your-mouth-257859">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / Mart Production</em></p> </div>

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"Love every minute of it’: heartbroken sister’s plea at vigil for Pheobe Bishop

<p>The Bundaberg community grieved together on Monday evening as they mourned the loss of 17-year-old Pheobe Bishop, a bright young life believed to have been tragically cut short.</p> <p>Hundreds gathered in Buss Park for a solemn vigil, the second in as many days, to honour the teenager whose suspected remains were found in dense scrubland near Gin Gin late last week – more than three weeks after she vanished.</p> <p>At the vigil, Pheobe’s older sister Kaylea delivered a tearful message that left many in the crowd wiping their eyes.</p> <p>“I want to tell everybody, as much as your siblings p*** you off and grind your gears – because God, they know how to do that – don’t take them for granted,” she said. “Love every minute of it.”</p> <p>Choking back tears, she added: “I would pay a million dollars to have her walk through the door and punch me on the arm. Don’t take it for granted. Just cherish it. Love the good and the bad. Worship it all. Capture the memories.”</p> <p>The vigil brought together community leaders, friends, family and strangers united by shared sorrow. Music chosen by Pheobe’s family played in the background as people placed candles, flowers and handwritten messages into glass jars.</p> <p>Mayor Helen Blackburn spoke on behalf of the city, reminding those gathered that the vigil was not just about mourning a young life lost, but celebrating how Pheobe had lived.</p> <p>“Her passing has left a silence we all feel deeply,” she said. “But in the midst of this sorrow, something beautiful has happened – we’ve come together, paused our busy lives, set aside our differences and stood side by side.”</p> <p>Pheobe’s mother, Kylie Johnson, spoke about the transformative role programs like the Y School and MAD Camp played in her daughter’s life. Both programs aim to support vulnerable teens by creating safe spaces and offering holistic, trauma-informed support. “She found purpose in those places,” Johnson said. “She would be proud that she got to travel the world without even leaving Australia. She’d be blown away by that support.”</p> <p>The memorial marked three-and-a-half weeks since Pheobe disappeared on her way to Bundaberg Airport, where she had been preparing to fly to Western Australia to visit her boyfriend on May 15. She never checked in for her flight, and a police search followed.</p> <p>On Friday afternoon, police discovered human remains believed to be hers in thick bushland within the Good Night Scrub National Park, about 50km west of Bundaberg. Formal identification has not yet been confirmed, and police say a complex forensic process is underway to determine the cause of death.</p> <p>Her phone and luggage remain missing.</p> <p>Two of Pheobe’s housemates, James Wood, 34, and Tanika Bromley, 33, <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/legal/housemates-charged-with-murder-of-missing-teen-pheobe-bishop" target="_blank" rel="noopener">have been charged with murder</a> and two counts of interfering with a corpse. Investigations are ongoing.</p> <p>As the community waits for answers, the vigils have become a quiet act of collective remembrance, and a reminder, as Kaylea said, to never take the ones we love for granted.</p> <p><em>Images: 7 News / Facebook</em></p>

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"Love every minute of it’: heartbroken sister’s plea at vigil for Pheobe Bishop

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