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"Misleading": IOC condemns "abuse" hurled at Olympic boxer

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has released a statement to condemn the "abuse" and "discrimination" that has targeted Algerian boxer Imane Khelif after her controversial match in Paris. The match, which was abandoned after just 46 seconds when her Italian opponent Angela Carini tapped out, caused quite the stir when Carini said she had "never been hit that hard in my life". Following the controversial match, Khelif's history came to light with many pointing out how she was permitted to fight at the Olympics despite being disqualified from the women’s boxing world championships last year for failing gender eligibility tests. Khelif, who was born female and has always identified as such, has been hit with a wave of transphobic abuse from high profile figures including J.K Rowling and Elon Musk after the revelations came to light. The 25-year-old athlete, who has been boxing since she was a child and has always competed in women’s categories, was tested by the International Boxing Association (IBA) with IBA president Umar Kremlev saying DNA tests had “proved they had XY chromosomes and were thus excluded”. For males, XY is the combination of chromosomes while XX is the combination in females. As Khelif has always identified as female, there are a number of medical conditions that can cause a woman to also have XY chromosomes. The IOC has since spoken out in defence of Khelif, denouncing the “abuse” levelled at the Khelif as “discrimination”, while confirming she had followed the eligibility criteria to compete at the Games. “Every person has the right to practise sport without discrimination,” the <a href="https://olympics.com/ioc/news/joint-paris-2024-boxing-unit-ioc-statement" target="_blank" rel="noopener">statement</a> released on Friday said. “We have seen in reports misleading information about two female athletes competing at the Olympic Games Paris 2024." The second athlete in question is referring to fellow boxer, Chinese Taipei’s Lin Yu-ting, who underwent the same testing from the IBA and returned the same XY chromosome results as Khelif. “The two athletes have been competing in international boxing competitions for many years in the women’s category, including the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, International Boxing Association (IBA) World Championships and IBA-sanctioned tournaments." “The IOC is saddened by the abuse that the two athletes are currently receiving.” The statement went on to call out the IBA's DNA testing, reading, "The current aggression against these two athletes is based entirely on this arbitrary decision, which was taken without any proper procedure – especially considering that these athletes had been competing in top-level competition for many years." "Such an approach is contrary to good governance." Image credits: Facebook/YAHYA ARHAB/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock Editorial

Legal

Restaurant sparks debate over “age discrimination”

A US restaurant has gone viral for their "age policy" after they decided to ban young people in a bid to create a “grown and sexy” vibe. Bliss Restaurant opened its doors in St. Louis, Missouri last month and have already caused an uproar for their unique policy where men under 35 and women under 30 are not allowed in. Owners Marvin Pate and his wife, said that they created the rule to help them “maintain a sophisticated environment, uphold our standards, and support the sustainability of our unique ambience”. Despite getting some backlash over the policy, they insist that they will stick to their code. “I think Bliss is a home away from home,” he told local news station KSDK. “You can come here and actually feel like you’re at a resort. People will feel like they’re on a vacation. “Of course, we have been getting a little backlash because of our policy, but that’s OK. We’re sticking to our code.” Pate is so committed to providing a space for older people, that if anyone looks younger than 30, they will get their ID's checked. “The restaurant is just something for the older people to come do, have a happy hour, come get some good food and not have to worry about some of the young folks who bring some of that drama,” assistant manager Erica Rhodes added. A few people have slammed the restaurant, suggesting that the rule was “age discrimination”. “The owner barely makes his own age requirement. Come on,” one vented online. “I’ve never seen a bar fight that wasn’t started by some drunk over 30,” another added. “I feel like it’s usually older people acting out nowadays," and another person replied: “Y’all ever seen a Karen under 30?” However, in the age of young influencers, many thought the restriction “makes sense". “Ah, Bliss, no influencers with those bright lights and filming while everyone else is trying to have a nice meal,” one said. “I like the concept, it’s time we mature adults can dine in a relaxing atmosphere without kids screaming, parents screaming, aggressive behaviours,” another added. “I love the age requirements. Please keep it like this. Don’t change it a lot of places back in the day had age requirements I’m glad that somebody finally taking it back protect your business I support,” a third wrote. “I love this idea!!!! Perfect!!!! And for all those gripping and complaining about it…..or have some smartelic comment….. just wait. One day your day is coming," another mused. Images: Instagram

Travel Trouble

Travellers with disability often face discrimination. What should change and how to complain

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelsey-chapman-1345505">Kelsey Chapman</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-kendall-210342">Elizabeth Kendall</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/lisa-stafford-1505408">Lisa Stafford</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a> Australia’s former disability discrimination commissioner, Graeme Innes, has settled his dispute <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01-23/adelaide-airport-graeme-innes-disability-discrimination-dispute/103375068">with Adelaide Airport</a>. His complaint to the Human Rights Commission was lodged after being denied access to a body scanner with his assistance dog in <a href="https://graemeinnes.com/2022/05/17/airport-discrimination-dash-i-am-angry-as-hell-and-im-not-going-to-take-it-anymore/">May 2022</a>. Unfortunately, Innes’ experience will resonate widely with Australia’s <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/people-with-disability-in-australia/contents/people-with-disability/prevalence-of-disability">4.4 million people with disability</a>. “People with disability know how challenging air travel can be, and that experience needs to be more inclusive,” said Innes, who was disability discrimination commissioner for nine years and is on the board of the <a href="https://www.ndis.gov.au/about-us/governance/board/board-profiles">National Disability Insurance Agency</a>. Experiences like Innes’ have been widely <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/03/australias-airlines-and-airports-urged-to-improve-treatment-of-travellers-with-disabilities">reported</a> and have happened to <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/graeme-innes-fights-to-change-how-disabled-people-are-treated-when-they-fly-20220516-p5alqs.html">prominent Australians with disability</a>. The everyday experience of air travel is likely even more shocking. Change is happening, but it is moving slowly. <h2>Airport and airline ableism</h2> The Human Rights Commission received more than <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/awptor2023-submission-a16-australian-human-rights-commission.pdf">100 disability discrimination complaints against airlines</a> in the six years to 2022, including the period in which COVID restrictions saw air travel severely limited. Issues included: <ul> <li>assistance animal refusals</li> <li>inaccessible facilities</li> <li>inaccessible ticketing arrangements for people with vision impairments</li> <li>taxis and rideshare providers not turning up, long delays or refusing passengers with disability aids and/or assistance animals.</li> </ul> These issues highlight a system underpinned by unchallenged <a href="https://theconversation.com/ableism-and-disablism-how-to-spot-them-and-how-we-can-all-do-better-204541">ableism</a> – discrimination that favours people without disability. <h2>Freedom of movement</h2> An important right under the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-20-personal-mobility.html">United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a> is freedom of movement. This right seeks to enable all people to be <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687599.2023.2203307">included in society in ways they self-determine</a>. Ableism in air travel is a fundamental denial of independence and freedom of movement. Discrimination can be even more blatant and offensive. People have been removed from flights or denied boarding because there are <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/awptor2023-submission-a16-australian-human-rights-commission.pdf">limits on the number of wheelchair users who can access an aircraft</a> or because they require additional support to access facilities. People with disability report the removal of, or damage to, <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-31/virgin-airline-wheelchair-damage-broken-compensation/103010472">personal mobility equipment</a>, and lack of suitable equipment. In the most severe cases, people have been <a href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/australians-with-disabilities-suffer-dehumanising-treatment-at-airports-travel-news/b7de6139-258a-4e86-a615-031eb0e89074">injured during travel</a> or left stranded in dangerous circumstances. <h2>Inconsistency can fuel ableism</h2> Inconsistent policies and practices significantly impact travellers with disability. This is made worse by the fact that individual airlines and airports are encouraged by government to develop their own <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure-transport-vehicles/aviation/aviation-access-forum-aaf/dafp">Disability Access Facilitation Plans</a>. So, it is not surprising when news reports highlight instances of assistance dogs being denied travel <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-15/jetstar-assistance-dog-policy-criticised/103221894">domestically</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/22/travel/jetblue-service-animal-dot-open-form.html">internationally</a>, even when they’ve <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-20/qantas-sued-over-assistance-dog/103223736">previously been approved</a> by other airlines. Lack of consistency, negative attitudes, stereotypes and prejudices in the air travel industry have resulted in <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/singapore-airlines-disability-discrimination-amputee-b2301471.html">reportedly aggressive eviction of passengers</a> with disability from exit rows. Others report being told to “<a href="https://qdn.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Voice-of-Queenslanders-with-Disability-report.pdf">catheterise</a>” (to insert a tube through the urethra to the bladder) to avoid needing toilet facilities on an overseas flight. Many people with disability experience situations like Innes’ where they are subjected to alternative, sometimes undignified, processes. Ongoing experiences of ableism not only deny people with disability their rights to travel but can also <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687599.2023.2203307">damage their dignity</a>. Anticipation of discrimination can increase anxiety and stress for travellers with disability or prevent them travelling altogether. <h2>Slow reform</h2> These stories and many others point to the need for urgent reform. Stories shared by more than 60 participants in a special Disability Royal Commission session prompted its chair to <a href="https://disability.royalcommission.gov.au/news-and-media/media-releases/chair-writes-ceos-airlines-and-airports#:%7E:text=The%20Chair%20of%20the%20Disability,their%20experiences%20with%20air%20travel">write directly to the CEOs</a> of Australian airlines and airports, urging them to work on solutions. The review and modernisation of the <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure-transport-vehicles/transport-accessibility/transport-disability-standards">2002 Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport</a> along with the upcoming release of the Australian government’s <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/infrastructure-transport-vehicles/aviation/aviation-white-paper">Aviation White Paper</a> could be key mechanisms to address systemic discrimination. But only if key recommendations from disability organisations and advocacy centres are adopted. They include: <ol> <li> <a href="https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/agp2023-submission-c170-australian-federation-of-disability-organisations-and-national-inclusive-transport-advocacy-network.pdf">specific standards</a> for air travel co-designed with people with disability and representative organisations. <a href="https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/2022-04/Universal-Design-for-Transport-TAs-discussion-paper-20220421.pdf">Universal design</a> aims to make products and environments usable by all people, without adaptation. It can play an important role in overcoming the systemic barriers in infrastructure and service design to create more seamless and inclusive transport and air travel experiences </li> <li> <a href="https://piac.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PIAC-Submission-to-Aviation-Green-Paper.pdf">reportable and enforceable standards</a> and independent oversight, such as funding the Human Rights Commission to oversee compliance. </li> </ol> <h2>Complaints are just one route</h2> The exclusion of people with disability from seamless airline travel is a violation of their fundamental right to freedom of movement. Decades of travel horror stories in the media, continuing legislative reviews and national enquiries should bring change. Everyone should be able to make journeys with dignity and autonomy. People with disability deserve the same travel privileges as non-disabled Australians. Governments and the aviation industry will need to collaborate to implement comprehensive accessibility measures, ranging from wheelchair-friendly facilities to trained staff capable of providing appropriate assistance. Embracing inclusivity in air travel not only aligns with the principles of equity but also contributes to a society that celebrates diversity. For now, there are a number of ways to raise complaints, including with the individual airline or with the <a href="https://humanrights.gov.au/complaints/make-complaint">Human Rights Commission</a>. Raising complaints with the Human Rights Commission can be completed by anyone who experiences discrimination. Legal support and advice may also be sought from some state-based legal aid organisations. While complaints are one mechanism for change, more proactive methods for change include the disability royal commission’s recommendation for the design and implementation of a <a href="https://teamdsc.com.au/resources/inside-the-disability-royal-commission-s-final-report">Disability Rights Act</a>, which would see human rights enshrined in legislation and facilitate barrier-free travel. <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelsey-chapman-1345505">Kelsey Chapman</a>, Research Fellow Dignity Project, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-kendall-210342">Elizabeth Kendall</a>, Professor, Director, Griffith Inclusive Futures, Griffith University, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/lisa-stafford-1505408">Lisa Stafford</a>, Adjunct Senior Research Fellow, Inclusive Futures Centre, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a> Image credits: Shutterstock This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/travellers-with-disability-often-face-discrimination-what-should-change-and-how-to-complain-221740">original article</a>.

Travel Trouble

Ableism and disablism – how to spot them and how we can all do better

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelsey-chapman-1345505">Kelsey Chapman</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/angel-dixon-1412256">Angel Dixon</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-kendall-210342">Elizabeth Kendall</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/katie-kelly-1436986">Katie Kelly</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a> When the 2022 Australian of the Year was announced, <a href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/the-defining-moments-of-dylan-alcotts-time-as-australian-of-the-year/anpkgw2gw">Dylan Alcott</a> wheeled onto the stage. Australian audiences are tuning in to watch TV shows featuring people with disability: <a href="https://iview.abc.net.au/show/you-can-t-ask-that/series/7/video/LE2021H003S00?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIlMCoiYLY_gIVl1l9Ch2plwHkEAAYASAAEgKiC_D_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds">You Can’t Ask That</a>, <a href="https://iview.abc.net.au/show/love-on-the-spectrum">Love on the Spectrum</a> and <a href="https://iview.abc.net.au/show/employable-me-australia">Employable Me</a>. The Disability Pride movement is gaining momentum and people with disability are becoming part of the diversity conversation. On the surface, it would appear we have come a long way in our collective attitudes towards disability. But two of society’s biggest “-isms” still go largely <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-02-27/harry-styles-concerts-marvel-stadium-accessibility-chloe-hayden/102025124">unnoticed and unaddressed</a>: ableism and disablism. What do these terms mean? And how can we all do better to dismantle them? <h2>Two types of discrimination</h2> Ableism and disablism both refer to types of disability discrimination. The nuance between the two words can cause confusion but are important for acknowledging, detecting, and dismantling the types of barriers people with disability encounter. <a href="https://www.attitude.org.au/uploads/120/Perspective%20Shift_Series%201_Study%20Guide_Nov_FINAL.pdf">Ableism</a> is discrimination that favours “able-bodied” people, or people without disability. Ableism prioritises the needs of people without disability. A building designed without a ramp or a lift for people who require them, a lack of captions for a meeting, and stadiums without <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/health-and-wellness/what-is-a-sensory-space-and-why-are-they-so-important-20230227-p5cnwy.html">low-sensory spaces</a> are all examples of ableism. <a href="https://www.sense.org.uk/information-and-advice/ableism-and-disablism/">Disablism</a> is the inherent belief that people with disability are inferior to those without disability. It is discrimination against people with disability, like those shared in the <a href="https://disability.royalcommission.gov.au/system/files/2022-03/Issues%20paper%20-%20Rights%20and%20attitudes.pdf">Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability</a>. Disablism can be a more direct, conscious act of discrimination and abuse. Using disability slurs, ignoring someone, or speaking in a patronising way are common examples. <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> Weekly reminder: If your event doesn't have a virtual option, it's not inclusive or accessible. Thank you for coming to my Twitter talk on <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ableism?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ableism</a> — chantzy (@chantz_y) <a href="https://twitter.com/chantz_y/status/1653033877105934339?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 1, 2023</a></blockquote> <h2>Ingrained and everywhere</h2> If we are honest, we can acknowledge ableism and disablism are ubiquitous in our language, our homes, children’s stories, media, at work and in our daily social interactions. Indeed, ableism and disablism can be so ingrained in our daily lives that most people are unaware of them. Both forms of discrimination can be subtle and insidious, making them difficult to detect and address. They often operate at systemic levels and are not identified as discrimination. A good example of systemic ableism is the forced segregation of people with disability into <a href="https://disability.royalcommission.gov.au/system/files/2022-03/Issues%20paper%20-%20Education%20and%20learning.pdf">“special” schools or “sheltered” workplaces</a> through limited choice and structural support of these options. Although the process of forcing people into these options no longer occurs in such blatantly disrespectful ways, the result is the same. Ableist and disablist attitudes are frequently encountered in daily conversation. Subtle ableism manifests in the use of well-intended “empathetic” comments, like “I can’t imagine losing my eyesight. That would be the worst.” These remarks, even when intended to prompt a connection between two people, reveal deep-seated beliefs and create a greater divide. People with disability, along with other marginalised communities, categorise these types of interactions as “<a href="https://hbr.org/2020/07/when-and-how-to-respond-to-microaggressions">microaggressions</a>”. Disablist attitudes are more overt. Comments like “If you are unable to walk down the ramp then you shouldn’t have gotten tickets to this concert” demonstrate the low expectations and damaging beliefs that impact on people’s opportunities for education, employment and social interaction. <h2>Challenging but worth it</h2> Combating disablism and ableism is a great challenge but one that is worthwhile. A broad spectrum of challenges is at play: confronting and disrupting the status quo, valuing diverse types of knowledge and experience and acknowledging the unconscious biases we all have. At a systemic and societal level, the way we design and deliver systems, polices, virtual and physical environments, products and experiences need to be co-designed in partnership with people with disability – or better yet, through disability-led initiatives. Generating new ideas and better ways of working will contribute to improvements in daily life for all people – just like ramps benefit parents pushing prams and people using mobility aids. The emphasis on <a href="https://anzsog.edu.au/research-insights-and-resources/research/the-promise-of-co-design-for-public-policy/">co-design</a> and engagement with people with disability is <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1440-1630.12847">increasingly prevalent</a>. However, it is critical to conduct co-design in ways that are not tokenistic and don’t merely validate current practice. Frameworks like the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1440-1630.12847">Dignity Project Framework</a>, which includes principles of importance for engaging with people with disability, can better support a dignified process of co-design and citizen partnership. <h2>‘Not yet disabled’</h2> At an individual level, we all have a part to play in creating an inclusive future. Disability has been called the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities.html">world’s largest minority</a> and is a group any person can join at any time in their life. The late disability rights activist <a href="https://judithheumann.com/">Judith Heumann</a> preferred to use the term “not yet disabled” to emphasise that we will all experience impairment and disability at some stage. Thus, we may all confront ableism and disablism at some point. The way to prepare for that time is to actively acknowledge and challenge personal biases, learn about and advocate for accessibility and inclusion in the spaces where you live, work and play and amplify the voices of people with disability at every opportunity. As advocate <a href="https://tiltingthelens.com/about-us/#:%7E:text=As%20a%20passionate%20writer%2C%20podcast,of%20Fashion%2C%20and%20many%20more.">Sinead Burke from Tilting the Lens</a> says in <a href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/vogue-disability-portfolio-2023">British Vogue’s</a> May issue, "Accessibility and disability inclusion is everyone’s responsibility and opportunity. This is a movement, not a moment. And it involves all of us.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/204541/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" />" <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kelsey-chapman-1345505">Kelsey Chapman</a>, Research Fellow Dignity Project, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/angel-dixon-1412256">Angel Dixon</a>, Researcher, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/elizabeth-kendall-210342">Elizabeth Kendall</a>, Professor, Director, Griffith Inclusive Futures, Griffith University, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/katie-kelly-1436986">Katie Kelly</a>, Research fellow, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a> Image credits: Getty Images This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/ableism-and-disablism-how-to-spot-them-and-how-we-can-all-do-better-204541">original article</a>.

Caring

Male artists dominate galleries. Our research explored if it’s because ‘women don’t paint very well’ – or just discrimination

In the art world, there is a gaping gender imbalance when it comes to male and female artists. In the National Gallery of Australia, <a href="https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/about/">only 25%</a> of the Australian art collection is work by women. This is far better than the international standard where <a href="https://nmwa.org/support/advocacy/get-facts/">roughly 90%</a> of all artworks exhibited in major collections are by men. The <a href="https://www.artsy.net/artwork/georgia-okeeffe-jimson-weed-slash-white-flower-no-1">most expensive</a> painting by a female artist – Georgia O’Keeffe’s Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 – does not even rank among the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings#List_of_highest_prices_paid">100 most expensive paintings</a> ever sold. Why is women’s art valued so much less than art by men? Some economists <a href="https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2005/02/why_do_women_su.html">have suggested</a> the greater burden of child rearing and other domestic duties means women have had fewer opportunities to succeed in the art world. Others have blamed the “<a href="https://www.smh.com.au/culture/art-and-design/report-names-laggers-as-women-artists-win-parity-20191029-p534vy.html">quality</a>” of women’s art. In 2013, German painter <a href="https://observer.com/2013/01/georg-baselitz-says-women-dont-paint-very-well/">Georg Baselitz said</a> “Women don’t paint very well. It’s a fact. The market doesn’t lie.” We wanted to know: is work by women generally valued differently to work by men because it is of a lower artistic quality, or is it just discrimination? <h2>Which painting do you like better?</h2> In <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268122002669?dgcid=author">our new research</a> we showed average Americans pairs of paintings, painted between 1625 and 1979, side by side. Each of the pairs are similar in style, motif and period, but one work was by a male artist and the other by a female artist. Participants were in two groups. One group saw the artists’ names and the other didn’t. We wanted to see whether more people among those who saw artist names preferred the male painting. If seeing the names – and thereby inferring artist gender – causes more people to prefer male paintings, then there is gender discrimination. Before we tell you the results, think about what you would have expected. And <a href="https://rmit.au1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e4JBs0wxKeftYF0">take a look</a> at our actual painting pairs and see if you can guess which is the male one (hint: you can’t). We were pleasantly surprised to find our participants did not give a hoot about artist gender. In both groups, 54% preferred the painting from a woman. We repeated this experiment, this time rewarding participants if they could accurately guess the preferences of others – the people in the first experiment. Again, 54% of the people in each group picked the female paintings. <h2>Which painting do you think is worth more?</h2> Next we wanted to find out if people picked male paintings for reasons other than personal taste. Art isn’t just bought and sold on aesthetic value: it is a speculative market, where art is treated as an investment. We conducted two more experiments. In one, participants were rewarded if they picked the more expensive painting. In the other, they were rewarded to pick the one painted by the more famous artist. Gender discrimination emerged in both these experiments. When asked to predict the value of and creator fame of paintings, people suddenly swung towards picking male artists. Preference for female paintings fell by 10% and 9% in these two new experiments. Gender discrimination in art comes not from personal aesthetic preference – Baselitz’ argument that women “don’t paint very well” – but people thinking paintings are more valuable and famous when painted by male artists. <h2>A question of fame</h2> In our fifth experiment, we again rewarded participants who could correctly guess which painting would be preferred by others. This time everyone saw the names of the artists. But only one group was told which of the two artists was objectively more famous – the male artist in 90% of cases. The group with that information was 14% more likely to pick male paintings. People used fame information to predict the painting others liked better. If women artists were discriminated against just because of their gender we would have seen a higher premium put on the male artists even in questions of aesthetics. Here, discrimination only occured when our participants were asked to assign a monetary value to the art works, or when they were given information about the level of fame of the painter. This means our art appreciators discriminated not on gender, but on something closely associated with gender: fame. And because male artists have, historically, been given <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1574067606010234">more opportunities</a> to become artists – and therefore become famous – artwork by men is perceived as having a higher value. Policy is slowly starting to recognise and target institutional factors that perpetuate male dominance because of historical notions of fame, like the National Gallery of Australia’s <a href="https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/">Know my Name</a> initiative. Discrimination in the arts exists, but it often comes from people’s beliefs about what others care to discriminate about. The task ahead is to change perceptions of people and institutions who do not discriminate – but merely conform to others’ discrimination. Image credits: Getty Images This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/male-artists-dominate-galleries-our-research-explored-if-its-because-women-dont-paint-very-well-or-just-discrimination-189221" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.

Art

Not without my dog! Man wins anti-discrimination case against pet chihuahua

Queensland pet owner Raymond Matthews has won an anti-discrimination claim against his local pub after his assistance chihuahua, Coo-ee, was denied entry. Matthews' favourite watering hole was The Woombye Pub, a stone's throw from his home on the Sunshine Coast. “I’d go up there for a chicken parmi and a beer, maybe once or twice a week,” he told <a href="https://7news.com.au/sunrise/sunshine-coast-man-wins-8000-discrimination-claim-after-pub-refused-entry-to-his-assistance-chihuahua--c-8079310" target="_blank" rel="noopener">7 News</a>. However, that all came to an end in 2017 when new management started refusing entry to Coo-ee. “(The) dog almost got run over one night, having had to stay outside. I went back inside and got directed out and barred for a month and made out to be the bad guy - that I’d intimidated people.” Three years of consistent refusal-of-entry to The Woombye then caused Matthews to say enough was enough and seek legal recourse. In a case opened against the pub, the tribunal found the venue broke anti-discrimination laws and awarded Matthews $8000 in compensation. Matthews said he tried to explain the significance of Coo-ee to the new owners but they wouldn’t listen. “The more I tried to convince them, the more I sounded like a broken record,” he said. “I’d been to the doctor to get the dog signed off as an assistant. “What she does is she introduces me to myriad people - the amount of hurdles I’ve got over because of the dog, just breaking the barriers down that normally exist with bureaucracy. “I take the dog with me and it just brings people down to a level playing field and you can speak with them, you can get along with them, you’ve got a common denominator and the dog, I feel, is the one that does it.” In a happy ending – certainly for Coo-ee at any rate – Matthews and the pup have now been welcomed into the venue. Image: Sunrise

Family & Pets

Jada Pinkett Smith and Black women’s hair: History of disrespect leads to the CROWN Act

The fallout from “the slap” at this year’s Oscars continues. Last week, Will Smith <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-smith-resigns-from-the-academy-slapped-chris-rock-at-oscars/">resigned from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>, after the academy issued a statement <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/will-smith-chris-rock-slap-oscars-academy-formal-review/">condemning</a> Smith’s actions. There have been innumerable media stories about “the slap,” including <a href="https://theconversation.com/will-smiths-oscar-slap-reveals-fault-lines-as-he-defends-jada-pinkett-smith-against-chris-rock-podcast-180280">an episode of Don’t Call Me Resilient</a>. “The joke,” however, has received less attention. <a href="https://www.capitalfm.com/news/chris-rock-will-smith-jada-pinkett-slap-oscars-gi-jane-joke/">“Jada, I love you. G.I. Jane 2 can’t wait to see you</a>,” is what Rock said to Jada Pinkett Smith and the Oscar night audience before Smith got up and slapped him. <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119173/">G.I. Jane</a> is a 1997 fictional drama starring Demi Moore about the first woman to undergo training in the United States Navy Seals. Moore’s “feminine” character, Jane O'Neil, is <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/fgijane.htm">chosen</a> by a female politician attempting to make a point in her battle against the <a href="https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gender/2021/04/22/the-hidden-masculinization-and-militarization-of-the-canadian-citizenship-guide/">inherent sexism in the military</a>. To “keep hanging,” O'Neil “divests herself of any trace of femininity” and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU_mJDOB7ZM">shaves her head</a>. Although a shaven head for a woman should not signify anything but a <a href="https://www.etalk.ca/celebrity/celebrities-who-shaved-their-heads-and-looked-absolutely-amazing.html">style choice</a>, Pinkett Smith’s shaven head is also due to alopecia. In 2021, she <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a93q1We4E0">shared a video on Instagram</a> explaining <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hair-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20372926">the disorder</a>. <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/tv/CYB7dMppvjk/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/tv/CYB7dMppvjk/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Jada Pinkett Smith (@jadapinkettsmith)</a> </div> </blockquote> Regardless of the reasons for Pinkett Smith’s hairstyle, Rock’s joke was yet <a href="https://screencrush.com/g-i-jane-oscars-joke/">another jab at a Black woman’s hair</a>. We Black women have learned to love our hair, despite a wider culture that has, historically, not accepted its diversity. In fact, Black women have been fighting the court system for 40 years to get protection from hair discrimination. Alopecia disproportionately affects Black women In my 2019 book, <a href="https://www.wlupress.wlu.ca/Books/B/Beauty-in-a-Box2">Beauty in a Box</a> I examined the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5163">dermatological research on hair loss</a>. Two U.S. studies, from 2009 and 2017, found that <a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/central-centrifugal-cicatricial-alopecia">central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia</a> (CCCA) is often underdiagnosed; some estimates report that 17 per cent of Black women have this condition. Some of the reasons why Black women are more adversely affected by CCCA are due to tight braiding hairstyles, long-term use of hair weaves, lace-front wigs and chemical relaxers. While Rock might not have known of Pinkett Smith’s alopecia, in his 2009 documentary <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1213585/">Good Hair</a> he spoke to Black women about their hair, especially about <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCEX34-1o6M">chemical relaxers</a>. Good Hair was a successful film for Rock, but that does not mean he grew from the project. Black hair discrimination and the CROWN Act Glamour’s <a href="https://www.glamour.com/story/the-crown-act-september-2020-cover-story">September 2020 cover story</a> was dedicated to six Black women who endured discrimination at work because of their hair. The feature explained how curly, “kinky” or big hair carries meaning for Black women. For example, a <a href="https://www.ellecanada.com/beauty/hair/how-to-style-a-messy-topknot-so-it-looks-chic-not-just-out-of-bed">messy topknot is considered chic</a> on a white woman, while a Black woman with natural hair such as large Afro or locs would be considered unkempt and has <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2513893/Florida-girl-threatened-expulsion-afro-hair.html">led to workplace reprimand</a>. On March 18, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/03/18/1087661765/house-votes-crown-act-discrimination-hair-style">CROWN Act</a>, banning hair discrimination at private places of work, federal programs and public accommodations. CROWN stands for <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2116">Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair</a>. <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5edc69fd622c36173f56651f/t/5edeaa2fe5ddef345e087361/1591650865168/Dove_research_brochure2020_FINAL3.pdf">A 2019 Dove study</a> found that Black women were 80 per cent more likely to feel pressure to change their hairstyles to fit in at the office. Black women were also 83 per cent more likely to report being judged on her looks than other women. <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3VPvBmkIA-g?wmode=transparent&start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><figcaption>‘Subjects of Desire’ by Jennifer Holeness delves into issues of race, power and beauty.</figcaption></figure> The CROWN Act is not yet an official law. Despite <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/598757-house-passes-crown-act-banning-race-based-hair-discrimination/">President Joe Biden expressing strong support for the bill</a>, there may not be enough votes to pass it. Rogers vs. American Airlines In 1981, American Airlines fired ticket agent Renee Rogers for wearing cornrows. She <a href="https://scholar.google.ca/scholar_case?case=6092364812619612919&q=Rogers+v.+American+Airlines&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_vis=1">filed a discrimination suit</a> challenging the airline’s policy prohibiting employees from wearing an all-braided hairstyle, claiming that such a policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and discriminated against her as a woman, and also as a Black person. Legal scholar <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1372731">Paulette Cladwell</a> explained how and why the U.S. Federal District Court of New York rejected Rogers’s claim that the style evoked her African heritage. The court said her hairstyle was a result of having seen the <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078721/">1979 film 10</a>, starring <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=au0Pp_9oQbo">Bo Derek who makes an appearance wearing long braids</a> with beads at the ends. It became known as the “<a href="https://law.fiu.edu/2019/10/11/the-unnatural-treatment-of-natural-hair-courts-failure-to-recognize-hairstyle-discrimination-as-race-discrimination-the-need-for-state-legislature-action/">Bo Derek defence</a>.” Rogers vs. American Airlines was a landmark case because it set a precedent that sanctioned the firing of Black women on the basis of their hair. In 2016, the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against a lawsuit filed by the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/4/18/17242788/chastity-jones-dreadlock-job-discrimination">Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) against Catastrophe Management Solutions (CMS) for firing Chastity Jones, a Black woman</a>, because she wore her hair in locs. The lawsuit shared much in common with Rogers vs. American Airlines. Lawyers for Jones also argued that her termination was in violation of the Civil Rights Act. The court of appeals ruled that <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/u-s-court-rules-dreadlock-ban-during-hiring-process-legal-n652211">CMS’s “race-neutral grooming policy” was not discriminatory</a> because while hairstyles are “culturally associated with race” they are “not immutable physical characteristics.” The court ruled that a hairstyle might be closely associated with one’s culture but because it is changeable, it is not protectable under the law and an employer is within its rights to use it as a reason to deny employment. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/456215/original/file-20220404-12538-fk7qau.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Supreme Court nominee Judge Ketanji Brown smiles." /><figcaption>Supreme Court nominee Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson smiles in Washington on March 31, 2022. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)</figcaption></figure> Hair has also come up in discussions on <a href="https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a39520244/judge-ketanji-brown-jacksons-locs/">Ketanji Brown Jackson’s Supreme Court confirmation hearings</a> because the legal profession has often discouraged natural hairdos. In 2007, an editor from Glamour in a “do’s and don'ts” fashion event at a New York law firm <a href="https://www.law.com/nationallawjournal/almID/1188161099761/?slreturn=20220304144452">called locs “truly dreadful.” </a> Why Black hair jokes aren’t funny When Black women are in legal and cultural battles for the right to wear their hair as they choose, jokes about our hair just aren’t funny. The <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/02/06/685506578/is-beauty-in-the-eyes-of-the-colonizer">straight hair standard of beauty has been called toxic</a> not only to Black women but women in general for the ways it valorizes white, western beauty ideals. One may argue that public figures should be open to criticism. For example, United Kingdom Prime Minister Boris Johnson often shows up with his hair in disarray <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/how-boris-johnsons-hair-defined-britain/">which gets poked fun at by media</a>. The difference is that there is no threat to his livelihood. Until Black women can wear their hair how they want without risk of ridicule, reprimand or termination, a joke targeting Black hair is no laughing matter.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/180631/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/cheryl-thompson-662166">Cheryl Thompson</a>, Assistant Professor, Performance, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/ryerson-university-1607">Ryerson University</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/jada-pinkett-smith-and-black-womens-hair-history-of-disrespect-leads-to-the-crown-act-180631">original article</a>. Image: Getty Images

Beauty & Style

Religious freedom bill falls at second hurdle

The Australian federal government’s bid to overhaul religious freedom laws has been shelved indefinitely, after a failed motion to bring the matter on for debate in the Senate.After the laws were passed in the House of Representatives in the early hours on Thursday morning, the bill was due to enter a second round of discussions and votes during the Senate.However, the failure to bring it on for debate has meant it will likely be shelved indefinitely, with coalition sources confirming the government is highly unlikely to bring it back for debate when the Senate sits again in March.According to the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-10/government-consults-religious-groups-discrimination-bill/100818568" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ABC</a>, this is because the government doesn’t want debates about religious freedoms to affect its chances of selling a pre-election budget.The proposed law has been the subject of intense criticism in recent days due to the introduction of new amendments to protect gay students from discrimination by religious schools which wouldn’t extend to transgender school students.Though it was a more watered-down version of the bill the government initially proposed, several moderate Liberals were concerned about the amendment as well as other parts which remained from the original bill.<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Liberal MP Bridget Archer has rejected her own party's religious discrimination bill, saying she is "horrified" that trans kids aren't protected, and "in 2022, I can't believe that we are even having this conversation" Neither can we<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/auspol?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#auspol</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CallTheElectionDickhead?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#CallTheElectionDickhead</a> <a href="https://t.co/qequTAhHqT">pic.twitter.com/qequTAhHqT</a>— Media Analyst (@MediaAnalystOz) <a href="https://twitter.com/MediaAnalystOz/status/1490952870992412674?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 8, 2022</a></blockquote>This prompted five Liberal MPs to cross the floor and vote with Labor and the crossbench against the government in order to extend protections for transgender students.Following that defeat, the government consulted with religious groups on the future of the laws.Some of these groups have expressed that they are adamantly against supporting the protections for transgener students that now came with the bill.Assistant Attorney-General Amanda Stoker said the amended bill was flawed and that “it’s not what the government designed”.“It’s not what we thought had got the balance right,” she said.The Australian Christian Lobby (ACL) has also advocated for the bill to be dumped, claiming that removing exemptions allowing schools to discriminate against trans students “completely undermined” the bill.“[The exemptions] have enabled faith-based schools to teach their religion and conduct their school according to their faith values,” ACL director Wendy Francis said.“The loss of this protection would outweigh any benefits that could be obtained by the religious discrimination bill.“With the amendments so damaging to religious freedom, the government should immediately withdraw the bills.”Conservative government members have also called for the bill to be dumped.When the government proposed to strike out existing laws allowing students to be expelled due to their sexuality, the move was supported by groups such as the Christian Schools Association (CSA).But Christian schools and the government argued that extending those protections to gender identity created additional complications, with the CSA fearing protections for transgender staff and students could hinder the teaching of the school’s faith.In a moving speech prior to the bill passing in the House of Representatives, Shadow Assistant Treasurer Stephen Jones spoke about his son Paddy, the unique risks LGBTQIA+ children experience in the community and his anxiety as a parent of a child within that community.<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">I spoke on the Morrison Government's religious discrimination bill and the message we want to send our kids. (1/2) <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/auspol?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#auspol</a> <a href="https://t.co/7FOW2XEJKj">pic.twitter.com/7FOW2XEJKj</a>— Stephen Jones MP (@StephenJonesMP) <a href="https://twitter.com/StephenJonesMP/status/1491131692345532420?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 8, 2022</a></blockquote>“I worry myself sick every time he leaves the house. I think to myself, ‘You look beautiful, but do you have to go out looking like that?’ I know that the love and protection that he enjoys with his mother and his friends and his family is very different to the reception that he may receive in the outside world,” Mr Jones said.In response to his dad’s speech, Paddy said he became overwhelmed with emotion.“I cried for the first time I saw it. It was a really beautiful speech,” Paddy told the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-10/paddy-stephen-jones-son-speech/100819064" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ABC</a>.“I didn’t know what was going to happen after that speech but I told (my dad), yes, I think it is important for you to make this speech because it’s more important for young children who are gay, trans, they need to know that there are people out there that are just like them and who are supporting and loving them.”Image: Getty Images

News

Ian Thorpe doesn't hold back in slamming ScoMo's religious discrimination bill

Australian swimming legend Ian Thorpe has hit out against Prime Minister Scott Morrison’s religious discrimination bill.Appearing at a media conference on Tuesday, the Olympian minced no words while sharing his opinion of the bill.“We want to see it disappear,” he <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10487413/Ian-Thorpe-unleashes-Scott-Morrisons-religious-discrimination-bill.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a>.“It has no friends in Parliament, it hasn’t, the first time it came around, the second has come around, and now this is the third time of this bill and is something that we would prefer to see squashed and get rid of it.”“What this is, is it becomes a state-sanctioned discrimination. To give rights for 100 people while excluding another group of people, for me, is discrimination.“And with that, we should consider what this place that we are in, what it represents and how it represents each and everyone of us.”His comments come as the proposed amendments to the bill would prevent religious schools from having the right to expel gay students, but withholding the same protection from transgender students.The bill is Mr Morrison’s top priority as Parliament returns this week and ahead of the upcoming federal election.Appearing on Sunrise, Thorpe said the bill allows “state-sponsored discrimination”.“Any bill that protects one group of people yet discriminates against another group of people, it’s actually wrong.”Thorpe was joined on the show by transgender Year 12 student Olivia, who told reporters she experienced “direct discrimination” from a former school after coming out.“They told me I was very likely to be bullied by people… that my twin brother in the same year at the school would also be bullied. They told us that his leadership potential would be jeopardised,” she said.“They said that if I just leave this term, it would not have to pay the rest of the term’s fees. This left me without a school going into the new year and with nowhere to go.”The retired swimmer, who came out as gay in 2014, said he supported people expressing their faiths and that he had been raised in a Christian household, but that expressing a view “that may be villifying another group of people'' would come with repercussions.Members of the LGBTQI+ community fear the proposed laws could see them be denied work opportunities from those with religious views, as the laws protect a person from being discriminated against on the basis of their religion.Finance minister and Senate leader, Simon Birmingham, confirmed the amendments would only relate to sexual orientation, raising concerns that trans students would be excluded and left unprotected.“The proposal that is put forward is to repeal the exemption as it relates to students being exempted from the Sex Discrimination Act on the basis of their sexual orientation. Now it doesn’t go further than that,” he told ABC Radio on Tuesday.However, Mr Morrison denied that transgender students would not be able to be expelled from religious schools.“This bill does not seek to endorse that arrangement. That's an existing law. What we're dealing with today are not those matters,” he said.“We're dealing with discrimination against people for their religious belief and faith.”Despite opposition from within his own party and from the opposition, Mr Morrison said he was confident the bill would pass parliament.“I stand by it 100 per cent, and I'm standing with the millions of Australians for whom this is such an important issue,” he told reporters in Canberra.“For many Australians, their faith and religion is their culture, you can't separate them.”Images: Getty Images

News

“Totally shocked” woman refused home loan due to maternity leave plans

A New Zealand woman <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/new-lending-rules-mum-shocked-by-90-day-maternity-leave-mortgage-condition/R3N4QF37MLMV44LUOPGV2VC6JA/" target="_blank">has been told</a> by ANZ that she would only be considered for a mortgage if she returned to work within 90 days of giving birth. The woman is one of several people who spoke to the Otago Daily Times following the introduction of changes to New Zealand’s Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act (CCCFA). Changes to the act were intended to protect borrowers from loan sharks, but have prompted banks to vet mortgage applicants’ spending habits and personal finances more closely instead. The woman, who the publication agreed not to name, said she felt “totally shocked and completely discriminated against” by ANZ, after she was informed through her mortgage broker that the bank had changed its policy on maternity leave for borrowers. An ANZ spokeswoman acknowledged that the bank was enforcing stricter rules for customers taking more than 90 days of maternity leave as a result of changes to the CCCFA. She said there had been no change to the bank’s policy. However the woman, who was in the later stages of pregnancy when she and her partner attempted to refinance their home, found that her plans for maternity leave affected their chances of securing their loan. After a family member who had helped the couple finance their home to start with passed away, the couple were looking to get a mortgage through a bank with the help of a mortgage broker. The woman planned to take 12 months off of work from early December, including nine months of paid leave - three by her employer and six by the government’s paid parental leave scheme. She said she wanted to take a full year of leave after taking just seven months off following the birth of her last child, giving her more time to spend with the newborn. “It’s a really special time and I wanted to be there for it,” she said. When they applied for a mortgage through ANZ, they received a series of questions about their financial situation, as well as questions about her plans to return to work. Though she expected questions about their finances, “which I totally understood”, the woman said asking about her plans after her maternity leave was “deeply personal”. “The decisions I choose to make after that time should be mine and not dependent on the bank,” she said. On January 7, the mortgage broker forwarded an email from ANZ saying the bank had changed its maternity leave policy - now refusing to give mortgages to customers who took more than three months off work. The woman said she believed the couple could still afford the mortgage whether she was working or not. “I mean, we knew we could afford it - and if we didn’t, we wouldn’t have applied,” she said. Though she was confident she would return to work, she didn’t believe the bank had the right to tell new mothers when they go back. “It’s completely discriminatory and just not needed,” she said. The couple, who now have a three-week-old baby, are now looking to other banks for a loan. Image: Getty Images

Real Estate

“That’s rubbish”: Jacqui Lambie slams Pauline Hanson’s discrimination bill

Independent Senator Jacqui Lambie has dubbed One Nation the “enemy of healthcare workers” after the party proposed a bill banning discrimination against unvaccinated people. Senator Lambie accused Pauline Hanson, who proposed the bill, of thriving on discrimination regarding immigration and other issues. “One Nation wants autistic children to be taken out of public schools because, and I quote, they are a ‘strain’ on the rest of the class,” Senator Lambie <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/jacqui-lambie-blasts-pauline-hanson-and-one-nation-over-vaccine-mandate-bill/6447aa2f-2270-4e1a-9780-3b41de21e7e1" target="_blank">said</a>. “One Nation wants a ban on any immigration from majority Muslim countries, even if the person isn’t Muslim. “People don’t choose what country they are born in, that is discrimination. “Being held accountable for your own actions isn’t called discrimination, it’s called being - you wouldn’t believe it - a God damn, bloody adult.” “That’s right, it’s being an adult. It’s putting others before yourself. That’s what this country is supposed to be about.” <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> Every Australian who's been vaccinated is a hero. You have done your bit to fight for those who can't fight for themselves. That's mateship. It's who we are. <a href="https://t.co/gZdBMbIlG1">pic.twitter.com/gZdBMbIlG1</a> — Jacqui Lambie (@JacquiLambie) <a href="https://twitter.com/JacquiLambie/status/1462655811130249216?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 22, 2021</a></blockquote> Senator Lambie said state-enforced lockdowns and border restrictions - which have prompted anti-lockdown protests across the country - weren’t fuelled by discrimination. “We don’t have lockdowns and border restrictions because state premiers love discrimination, that’s rubbish,” she said. “We have them because they don’t want people dying. “This is the only weapon we have and we need to do everything we can to keep ourselves safe and our children safe.” Following a heated debate, the Senate halted the progress of the bill by 44 votes to five. But, the five proponents of the bill included Coalition Senators Matt Canavan, Gerard Rennick, Alex Antic, Concetta Fierravanti-Wells and Sam McMahon. Prime Minister Scott Morrison defended the five dissenters and insisted that the Liberal-National parties could deal with differing opinions. <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> very strong speech from Jacqui Lambie, bluntly opposing One Nation's vaccine mandate "discrimination" bill: "that's the way it is. We do that to keep people safe. How about that?"<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/auspol?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#auspol</a> <a href="https://t.co/sXv0DZtviq">pic.twitter.com/sXv0DZtviq</a> — Josh Butler (@JoshButler) <a href="https://twitter.com/JoshButler/status/1462578638914682882?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 22, 2021</a></blockquote> In Question Time on Monday, Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese questioned Mr Morrison’s decision to mandate vaccinations for some Australians in light of party members opposing mandates. “Why does the Prime Minister claim he is opposed to mandatory vaccinations when he has imposed mandatory vaccinations on aged care workers, Australians returning home, quarantine workers and even journalists attending his own press conferences?” Mr Albanese asked. Mr Morrison replied that these rules came from following the health advice. “The government doesn’t oppose mandatory vaccinations for health workers and aged care workers and disability workers,” he said. “Mandatory vaccines for healthcare workers, for aged care workers, for those working with vulnerable people was the clear medical advice. “It has been essential to take a series of decisions to protect Australians (but) there is a time for governments to step back.” Images: Getty Images

News

Eye-opening new doco tackles Aussie discrimination

A new three-part series from SBS is taking a look at what Aussies think about disability, obesity and old age - with some shocking revelations about what the population really thinks. What Does Australia Think About… uses a combination of nationwide surveys - conducted with the help of several universities - personal stories and social experiments to show how common discrimination is. Kurt Fearnley, Noni Hazlehurst and Casey Donovan each host one part of the series, where they share their own experiences and the truths and experiences of other Australians. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tG-JFtm3VaU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> As well as acting as an eye-opener, the series looks to dispel the myths that lead to the current attitudes we hold. Premiering on August 18, What Does Australia Think About… will screen for free on SBS On Demand. Image: SBS

Veteran alleges he was refused service because of his wheelchair

A war veteran has claimed he was refused service at a suburban restaurant because of his wheelchair. Joel Sardi, a former soldier who served in Afghanistan, became a quadriplegic when he fell three metres onto his back almost seven years ago. Mr Sardi said his attempt to make a reservation at Ginger Garlic in Eltham, Victoria, on Saturday night was refused due to the space he and his wheelchair would take up, despite having visited the venue many times before. “He was quite aggressively telling ‘you don’t know anything about the restaurant and you won’t fit in there because there’s sizzling hot plates and you take up too much space,” Mr Sardi told 7NEWS. “Last night was the worst I’ve ever felt because of my injury. I was infuriated.” Mr Sardi, who is a public speaker, shared his story about the incident in a video posted to Instagram. <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/tv/CQnf3N1pT1d/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="13"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/tv/CQnf3N1pT1d/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by JOELS JOURNEY (@joelsardi)</a> </div> </blockquote> His post received hundreds of thousands of views, as well as messages from others sharing their sympathy. Mr Sardi is considering lodging an official complaint with the Human Rights Commission. But he has warned against those showing criticism down on the restaurant, and has said: “I don’t want to see people suffer from this. I want people to learn from it.” Ginger Garlic declined to comment. Image: 7NEWS

Legal

Age discrimination biggest barrier to job opportunity

Nearly half of Baby Boomers believe their age is the biggest barrier to job opportunities, a new report has found. A <a href="https://www.afr.com/work-and-careers/careers/ok-boomer-is-age-stopping-you-from-getting-ahead-20200210-p53zbn">quarter of Australians</a> view age as the biggest barrier to opportunities, while 24 per cent feel most held back by their lack of financial resources, <a href="https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/research/opportunity-index-2020">LinkedIn Opportunity Index 2020</a> revealed. The survey discovered that under one in two (46 per cent) Aussie Baby Boomers, or those born from 1946 to 1964, believe their age is the main hurdle standing in their way of finding employment. Younger generations are less likely to feel inhibited by how old they are, with only 31 per cent of Gen X, 11 per cent of Millennials and 22 per cent of Gen Z sharing the sentiment. “While younger generations feel their age is a reflection of their lack of experience, more mature generations are struggling to adapt their skills for the changing workforce,” said Matt Tindale, country manager for LinkedIn in Australia and New Zealand. “Professionals are working well beyond their retirement years and we now have four generations working together for the very first time. “Embracing Australia’s multigenerational workforce and leveraging this diversity of talent will be imperative in order for businesses to remain successful.” Australians also have low confidence about accessing job opportunities, ranking 17 out of 22 countries. More than 30,000 people around the world, including 1,025 Australians, were polled for the index. LinkedIn’s index came months after Treasurer Josh Frydenberg’s call for <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-20/retraining-wont-keep-older-workers-from-choosing-to-retire/11720482">older workers to undergo more training or upskilling</a> to allow for their continued participation in the workforce. “This year, as the economic landscape and job market continues to evolve, it will be important that Australians adopt a growth mindset and embrace lifelong learning to ensure they are best placed to seek the opportunities they want,” Tindale said.

Retirement Income

Woolworths employee “aggressively removes" Asian shopper over coronavirus fears

A Woolworths shopper has claimed a staff member “aggressively” demanded that customers of Asian appearance to leave the store over fears they were infected with coronavirus. A woman took to Twitter to reveal that her friend had witnessed the disturbing event take place at a Woolworths store in Port Hedland, in Western Australia’s Pilbara region, on Friday. The supermarket was informed of the incident, and it was claimed that the staff member celebrated after she removed the shopper from the store. “What happens if a member of your staff aggressively removes a shopper of Asian descent from your store and prevents other Asians then regales the tale as if they are a hero preventing coronavirus to other customers?” tweeted the woman. Afterwards, she updated the post to explain that she had also faced discrimination due to her Asian appearance. “I get sideways glances and looks of nervousness if I’m out in public without my husband these days. I have never been to China. I worry what if my allergies play up and what will happen or if something triggers my asthma. I shouldn’t have to,” she said. Others labelled the Woolworths employees alleged behaviour as “unacceptable”, “awful” and “really disgusting”. “That’s awful. I’m so sorry this is happening. People can be terrible,” wrote one person. Speaking to <a rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://au.news.yahoo.com/woolworths-employee-kicked-asian-customer-out-of-supermarket-over-coronavirus-fears-020043272.html" target="_blank">Yahoo News Australia</a>, a spokesperson from Woolworths said it wanted “everyone to feel welcome in our stores and sincerely regret this wasn’t the case on this occasion”. “We have spoken to the customer who brought this matter to our attention and apologised for this unacceptable behaviour,” said the spokesperson. “We’re conducting a full investigation into the incident and will take appropriate action to address it in line with our workplace policies.”

Food & Wine

Robert De Niro sued for harassment and gender discrimination

Robert De Niro has been accused of gender discrimination and harassment in a $12 million lawsuit filed by former employee Graham Chase Robinson. In a court document obtained by <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6446423-Robinson.html">the Hollywood Reporter</a>, Robinson alleges that De Niro and his film production company Canal Productions subjected her to a “hostile work environment” and “years of gender discrimination and harassment”, including “gratuitous unwanted physical contact”, “abusive and sexist comments”, and underpayments “because she was not a male breadwinner”. According to Robinson, whose most recent position at the company was vice-president of production and finance, De Niro called her a “bitch” and a “spoiled brat”, asked her to “scratch his back” and “put away his boxers”, and made her work 20 to 30 hours of overtime per week without any additional pay. De Niro also allegedly implied Robinson deserved a lower salary than a male staff “whose job required no greater skill, effort or responsibility” because she was “a woman without children”. “De Niro made demands of Ms Robinson that he never imposed on males,” said Robinson’s lawyer Alexandra Harwin. “De Niro’s treatment of Ms Robinson was inappropriate, demeaning, abusive, and intolerable, and he needs to be held accountable.” The complaint comes after De Niro’s company filed <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/aug/19/robert-de-niro-sues-ex-employee-embezzlement-netflix-binge">a $6 million suit</a> against Robinson in August, accusing her of embezzling money and binge-watching television shows during office hours. Robinson argued that De Niro’s decision to sue her was “filled with baseless, bad faith and frivolous allegations” designed to “destroy her reputation” and prevent her from pursuing her claims. “Now, when her name is Googled, these allegations pop up on the screen,” the file read. “The results have been devastating to Ms Robinson. Her reputation and her career have been destroyed.” In response, De Niro’s lawyer Tom Harvey said Robinson’s claims are “beyond absurd”.

Legal

Research reveals the hidden “tax” on Aussie staples

A hidden “tax” has affected 50 per cent of Aussie shoppers, as they get charged more for everyday staples for no good reason. A new research by AMP found that common products sold at Australian supermarkets and retailers are priced at a higher cost when they are targeted at women. Women were found to pay an average of 29 per cent more than men for razors, 16 per cent more for body wash and 12 per cent more for underwear. There was also an 11 per cent gender price gap between men’s and women’s shampoo, a nine per cent difference in multivitamins and a five per cent disparity in jeans. AMP financial adviser Di Charman said while the price differences might seem negligible at a glance, they could add up over a lifetime and affect women’s financial health in the long run. “Some people might disregard the price difference between [men and women’s] products because it’s only a couple of dollars, but when you look at the differences in percentages, some are quite alarming,” she told <a href="https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/research-reveals-blatant-gender-tax-added-to-aussie-staples/news-story/8bd48e80c32b2df80cdc72fdd068ba09">news.com.au</a>. “When you use these items every day over a lifetime, it adds up, so don’t let your hard-earned dollars out of your hands easily.” When it comes to dealing with gender tax, Charman advised speaking up to the retailers and manufacturers. “Sometimes you’ve got to ask, ‘holy smoke, why is this happening?’” she said. “As women, we need to be a bit more vocal and perhaps give more feedback to organisations we’re purchasing from — all consumers should give feedback, because it’s the only way things change.” <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> Hi <a href="https://twitter.com/BigW_Australia?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@BigW_Australia</a> maybe you can answer my Q? <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/pinktax?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#pinktax</a> <a href="https://t.co/sM0XuPIcq8">pic.twitter.com/sM0XuPIcq8</a> — Candy J (@LiveLrnExplore) <a href="https://twitter.com/LiveLrnExplore/status/841190024250982400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 13, 2017</a></blockquote> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> Join the conversation about Australia's <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/pinktax?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#pinktax</a> via this tumblr launched by <a href="https://twitter.com/GetUp?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@GetUp</a>:<a href="http://t.co/D1qe2E0I8T">http://t.co/D1qe2E0I8T</a> <a href="http://t.co/E5Bmv9e8AZ">pic.twitter.com/E5Bmv9e8AZ</a> — Daily Life (@DailyLifeAu) <a href="https://twitter.com/DailyLifeAu/status/591016385859309568?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 22, 2015</a></blockquote> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> <a href="https://twitter.com/havaianas?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@havaianas</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/havaianas_au?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@havaianas_au</a> still not quite sure why women have to pay more for your flip flops.... 🤔?<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/genderpricing?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#genderpricing</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/everydaysexism?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#everydaysexism</a> <a href="https://t.co/JBDmd8nauJ">pic.twitter.com/JBDmd8nauJ</a> — Dr Holly Jenkins (@DrHollyJJenkins) <a href="https://twitter.com/DrHollyJJenkins/status/1078209054785163264?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 27, 2018</a></blockquote> The pink tax has been a longstanding issue in Australia and throughout the world, with lobby groups such as GetUp! campaigning to see the gap abolished. According to the <a href="https://www.wgea.gov.au/topics/gender-pay-gap">latest statistics</a> from Workplace Gender Equality Agency, Australian women still earn 14.1 per cent or $239.80 less than men on average. “Women in Australia already earn … less than men, and when you factor in the gender price gap, we see that women are being paid less at work, and then paying more at the shops,” said GetUp! in its <a href="https://www.getup.org.au/campaigns/women-s-rights/gender-price-gap/gender-price-gap">Gender Price Gap statement</a>. “It’s time we called out this practice for what it is: making women literally pay for gender stereotypes.” The campaign to remove extra charges from women’s products has previously achieved success with the abolition of tampon tax last year. The <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-03/tampon-tax-to-go-states-and-territories-agree-to-remove-gst/10332490">ABC</a> reported that after 18 years of campaign, all states and territories agreed to scrap the 10 per cent GST from tampons and pads in January this year.

Retirement Income

The nasty history of airport discrimination

Rachel Bright is a lecturer in Modern History at Keele University, England. This summer, if you go abroad, you will pass through border checkpoints. Not everyone can be checked thoroughly or the system stops, so border guards judge you based on how you look or sound, and they decide how laws are enforced. While widely illegal, racial profiling <a href="http://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1642&context=jalc" target="_blank">has increased</a> at airports since 9/11, justified by fears of terrorism. Understanding the history of how this system developed shows that it was always designed to discriminate. The global border checking system has roots in early 20th-century South Africa. To circumvent Britain’s ban on race-based legislation, South African laws were carefully designed to appear fair while making it possible to continue to restrict entry for Indians and poor whites, especially Jews. The most famous means of discrimination was <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_gmpDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT137&lpg=PT137&dq=natal+language+test&source=bl&ots=WfhQ9Je-Rv&sig=vyQ4KcujRBfZU1astSJVDp8hVsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJ6_O9rc_VAhWBb1AKHVeWAWMQ6AEIRDAD#v=onepage&q=natal%20language%20test&f=false" target="_blank">the language test</a>, introduced in both the US and South Africa in the 1890s. This required potential migrants to take a writing test. Border guards decided what the test was and who passed. Officials regularly rigged the system, stopping Jews or Indians who misspelled single words, but letting in European men if they seemed the “right” sort. A law passed in South Africa in 1913 was even more vague, prohibiting people on “economic grounds” or “habits of life”. These terms were deliberately undefined, giving the government and its border officials almost total power, with very little room for legal appeal. This was part of an increasing trend to make migration a route only open to those with significant financial resources, and to stop those deemed of a different “culture” from entering their country, two criteria still used today. These South African laws spread to the other settler colonies, then Britain, India and other corners of empire. A system gradually evolved that encouraged border officials to practice discrimination, while allowing governments to claim that objective legal systems were in place. A master of the art Looking at the career of <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=digbDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA163&lpg=PA163&dq=clarence+wilfred+cousins&source=bl&ots=EVrHMpb__I&sig=ICSSEgfPc6qqsfC2bL66gi3aV2s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2n8Kem8_VAhURKFAKHcCcDdMQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=clarence%20wilfred%20cousins&f=false" target="_blank">Clarence Wilfred Cousins</a> (1872-1954), the chief immigration officer in the Cape Colony, then South Africa, at the beginning of the 20th century, shows how this system worked in practice. He was himself an immigrant: born in Madagascar in 1872 to a missionary father, Oxford-educated, he went to Cape Town in 1896 to work as a civil servant. Cousins’ migration job was to stop the “wrong sort” from entering South Africa. And this was a system that was never meant to be fair. He explained in one official report: It is not possible to deal with the Asiatic as with the European; the whole nature of the man is oriental, his habits are different from those of the European, and legislation that would apply easily to the European is not applicable to the Asiatic… they are both dealt with under the same law, and so a great deal of discrimination is necessary in administering the law. This discrimination is evident in the official records, and something he celebrated in his diaries. A Jewish man with paperwork and money was deported for being “dressed in an unclean manner”; healthy people were rejected for appearing sickly; or refused entry because “one eye of one child was defective”, for appearing pale, or having a split lip. He would spend days and nights and often his own money to catch out Jews and Indians, who were for him the “enemy” – an enemy always depicted as “wily” in his private diaries and letters. Modern airports This system cannot be relegated to a more racist past. The technique developed in South Africa was adapted by the other settler colonies, such as Australia. Britain, in turn, used an <a href="http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/a-z/immigration-restriction-act.aspx" target="_blank">Australian act</a> as the basis for its <a href="http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/aliens-act" target="_blank">first migration law in 1905</a>. This was then adapted in <a href="http://www.theindianlawyer.in/statutesnbareacts/acts/p10.html" target="_blank">India</a> for its first migration act, and so on. When airport travel became commonplace after World War II, racial profiling remained a feature of airport security. While anti-discrimination laws are now common, in practice, racial profiling has become increasingly socially acceptable. Police and border officials continue to racially profile people <a href="http://bit.ly/2uxbfnJ" target="_blank">even when it’s illegal</a>. The fact that so many of the laws regulating the movement of people are worded vaguely and give significant discretionary powers to border guards leaves little room for appeal against unfair treatment. Casual holidaymakers are not exempt from this process. Growing fears about “illegal” movement have blurred the lines between potential migrants and casual travellers. Passengers can be turned away if border officials think they might plan to stay, rather than just holiday, based entirely on the opinion of border officials. While current border officials are less overtly racist, they are products of their society. As in the early 20th century, xenophobia is part of daily discourse. Even the nicest border guards are not immune. They are paid little, and have to screen ever increasing numbers of people within a limited period of time. Falling back on stereotyping to single out “undesirables” is a natural process. Understanding this is not just about identifying racism. As a white woman, I rarely have problems travelling. A few years ago, I was pulled aside by an airport official for a random security check, but their boss walked by and reprimanded them: “She’s not going to carry a bomb, is she? Get someone else.” I was sent on my way without a check. Ironically, of course, this reliance on appearance makes our air spaces even <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126944-500-racial-profiling-no-better-than-random-screening/" target="_blank">less secure</a>. So be careful when you travel this summer. The system is designed to keep you out unless you “look” right; it is not designed to keep you safe. What are your thoughts? Written by Rachel Bright. Republished with permission of <a href="http://theconversation.com/" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>. Have you arranged your travel insurance yet? Save money with Over60 Travel Insurance. <a href="https://elevate.agatravelinsurance.com.au/oversixty?utm_source=over60&utm_medium=content&utm_content=link1&utm_campaign=travel-insurance" target="_blank">To arrange a quote, click here.</a> Or for more information, call 1800 622 966.

International Travel

Airbnb to introduce new anti-discrimination rules

Airbnb is tackling allegations of racism with a new anti-discrimination pledge that must be accepted by all property owners using the site. Owners of properties listed for rent must comply with the new anti-discrimination measures, or stop taking listings from the site. Airbnb is an international online operator that matches people with properties for rent with those who are looking for accommodation. It is expected to book half a billion guest nights a year internationally within the next five years. But there had been reports that Airbnb was not handling complaints of racism well – some travellers said they had been rejected by hosts because they were black. One man was rejected for a stay in a property that later accepted him when he used a fake profile for a white man requesting the same dates. He has since filed suit against Airbnb. Another case got attention in June when Airbnb removed a host in North Carolina who purportedly used a racial slur to reject a booking by a black woman. Now those who own property for rent on the site are being told they must sign up to a "community commitment" that starts on November 1. That means owners agree to treat everyone with respect, and without judgement or bias, regardless of their race, religion, ethnicity, disability, gender identity, age or sexual orientation. After November 1, any property owners logging in to Airbnb will be shown the commitment and asked to accept it. Those who decline will not be able to take any bookings. "Discrimination is the opposite of belonging, and its existence on our platform jeopardises this core mission," said founder and chief executive Brian Chesky in an email to Airbnb users. "Bias and discrimination have no place on Airbnb, and we have zero tolerance for them. Unfortunately, we have been slow to address these problems, and for this I am sorry. I take responsibility for any pain or frustration this has caused members of our community. "We will not only make this right; we will work to set an example that other companies can follow." He said guests who felt they had been discriminated against would be able to ask Airbnb to find them another place to stay - or if there was nothing available on the site, alternative accommodation. Written by Susan Edmunds. First appeared on <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz">Stuff.co.nz.</a> <a href="https://www.airbnb.com/?af=61160407&c=apac_au_over60">Whether you want to make money by renting your place or to find affordable accommodation options and stretch your travel budget further, head over to Airbnb now and have a look around.</a> Related links: <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/travel/accommodation/2016/09/tips-for-picking-the-perfect-host-on-airbnb/">4 tips for picking the perfect host on Airbnb</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/travel/accommodation/2017/01/13-tips-for-airbnb-first-timers/">13 tips for Airbnb first-timers</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/travel/accommodation/2016/09/heart-warming-reasons-to-become-an-airbnb-host/">Heart-warming reasons to become an Airbnb host</a>

Accommodation

Workplace age discrimination is starting younger

An Australian inquiry has heard that workplace age discrimination is starting younger than ever. An inquiry into discrimination by the Australian Human Rights Commission has found complaints of age discrimination have been received by people who are in their 40s. Official complaints to federal and state advocates about age discrimination are starting well before retirement age, with cases including an employee in the 45-54 age bracket who was told that they were too old to use the stairs at work and fired for safety reasons. Other cases include workers being made redundant because they need “fresher faces”. Australian Age and Disability Commissioner Susan Ryan is touring Australia as part of the inquiry and stated, “Although the bulk of discrimination happens in an older age bracket with those who are 50 and over, there are widely held prejudices toward older workers and that's why it takes place.”

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"Misleading": IOC condemns "abuse" hurled at Olympic boxer

Restaurant sparks debate over “age discrimination”

Travellers with disability often face discrimination. What should change and how to complain

Ableism and disablism – how to spot them and how we can all do better

Male artists dominate galleries. Our research explored if it’s because ‘women don’t paint very well’ – or just discrimination

Not without my dog! Man wins anti-discrimination case against pet chihuahua

Jada Pinkett Smith and Black women’s hair: History of disrespect leads to the CROWN Act

Religious freedom bill falls at second hurdle

Ian Thorpe doesn't hold back in slamming ScoMo's religious discrimination bill

“Totally shocked” woman refused home loan due to maternity leave plans

“That’s rubbish”: Jacqui Lambie slams Pauline Hanson’s discrimination bill

Eye-opening new doco tackles Aussie discrimination

Veteran alleges he was refused service because of his wheelchair

Age discrimination biggest barrier to job opportunity

Woolworths employee “aggressively removes" Asian shopper over coronavirus fears

Robert De Niro sued for harassment and gender discrimination

Research reveals the hidden “tax” on Aussie staples

The nasty history of airport discrimination

Airbnb to introduce new anti-discrimination rules

Workplace age discrimination is starting younger

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Shop

Catalogues

Contests

Entertainment

Travel

Health

Lifestyle

Finance

Property

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Information

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Search

"Misleading": IOC condemns "abuse" hurled at Olympic boxer

Restaurant sparks debate over “age discrimination”

Travellers with disability often face discrimination. What should change and how to complain

Ableism and disablism – how to spot them and how we can all do better

Male artists dominate galleries. Our research explored if it’s because ‘women don’t paint very well’ – or just discrimination

Not without my dog! Man wins anti-discrimination case against pet ﻿chihuahua

Jada Pinkett Smith and Black women’s hair: History of disrespect leads to the CROWN Act

Religious freedom bill falls at second hurdle

Ian Thorpe doesn't hold back in slamming ScoMo's religious discrimination bill

“Totally shocked” woman refused home loan due to maternity leave plans

“That’s rubbish”: Jacqui Lambie slams Pauline Hanson’s discrimination bill

Eye-opening new doco tackles Aussie discrimination

Veteran alleges he was refused service because of his wheelchair

Age discrimination biggest barrier to job opportunity

Woolworths employee “aggressively removes" Asian shopper over coronavirus fears

Robert De Niro sued for harassment and gender discrimination

Research reveals the hidden “tax” on Aussie staples

The nasty history of airport discrimination

Airbnb to introduce new anti-discrimination rules

Workplace age discrimination is starting younger

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Not without my dog! Man wins anti-discrimination case against pet chihuahua