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There’s a link between walking speed and ageing well. Here’s how you can improve your pace

<div class="theconversation-article-body"><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andres-rafales-perucha-1528635"><em>Andrés Ráfales Perucha</em></a><em>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/universidad-san-jorge-5704">Universidad San Jorge</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pablo-gargallo-aguaron-1528652">Pablo Gargallo Aguarón</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/universidad-san-jorge-5704">Universidad San Jorge</a></em></p> <p>For decades, we have known that the way you walk, in particular your walking speed, is tied to your health. One study has even proposed that it be considered <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24812254/">a vital sign</a>, much like heart rate and blood pressure.</p> <p><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26861693/">Various studies</a> have found a link between low walking speed in adults over 65 and a greater risk of cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, falls (which could lead to fractures), hospitalisation, and even an increased overall mortality rate.</p> <p>A higher walking speed, on the other hand, is associated with increased functional capacity, meaning a better ability to move around and do activities independently. It is also linked to <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(24)00092-8/fulltext">greater longevity</a>.</p> <p>But how fast should you walk? <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568163714000646?dgcid=api_sd_search-api-endpoint">Studies</a> recommend a few simple tests, which principally consist of timing how long it takes a person to walk between two points at their usual pace.</p> <p>This <a href="https://www.physio-pedia.com/4_Metre_Walk_Test">test</a> is done over a distance of four metres. A speed of under 0.8 metres per second is associated with a greater risk of frailty.</p> <h2>How to improve walking speed</h2> <p>While there is slight disagreement as to the best exercise for increasing walking speed, the pattern that seems most effective is <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34409961/">multicomponent training</a>, which includes several different forms of exercise:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Balance exercises</strong> can help improve stability and prevent falls. Examples include walking in a straight line putting one foot in front of the other, or standing on one leg, alternating every 10-15 seconds.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Flexibility exercises</strong> can improve mobility and reduce risk of injury. The benefits of movement in alleviating back pain are <a href="https://theconversation.com/back-pain-why-exercise-can-provide-relief-and-how-to-do-it-safely-162888">well documented</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Muscular exercises</strong> help build strength in the legs, buttocks and other body areas. These can be as straightforward as standing up and sitting down in a chair.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Aerobic exercise</strong> improves stamina, and can include walking itself, or <a href="https://theconversation.com/seven-reasons-nordic-walking-is-better-for-you-than-the-normal-kind-187391">Nordic walking</a> (with hiking poles).</p> </li> </ol> <h2>How much aerobic exercise do we need?</h2> <p>The main <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240014886">guides</a> on physical activity recommend that, provided they are physically and medically able, each adult should do at least 150 minutes of moderately intense aeoribic exercise per week.</p> <p>“Moderate” means you are not too out of breath to hold a conversation, but enough to notice an increased heart and breathing rate. There are few reasons not to do this kind of exercise, and it is beneficial for people with chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular issues, metabolic conditions, or even cancer.</p> <h2>Muscle strength: How, and how much?</h2> <p>Strengthening exercises have traditionally been recommended 2 to 3 times a week, with at least one set per exercise session of the main muscle groups: legs, buttocks, pectorals, back and arms.</p> <p>However, more recent studies suggest that doing less intense but more frequent strengthening exercises may be an effective way to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34822137/">maintain muscle mass and strength</a>. This would mean doing them almost every day, including even small exercise “snacks” throughout the day.</p> <h2>Use it or lose it</h2> <p>If we don’t train them, muscle mass and strength decrease over time. This not only affects our mobility, but also increases the risk of health problems and even death. A little daily exercise can make a big difference. We therefore recommend that you try to maintain your physical condition as much as possible, both to improve your immediate health and prevent future problems.</p> <p>If you do not know where to start, the best option is always to consult a professional. If you have difficulties or limitations in exercising, a physiotherapist can help you to build a specialised exercise plan, or can adapt one to your needs.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/245880/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andres-rafales-perucha-1528635">Andrés Ráfales Perucha</a>, Fisioterapeuta y Personal Docente e Investigador de la Universidad San Jorge. Miembro del grupo de investigación UNLOC., <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/universidad-san-jorge-5704">Universidad San Jorge</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/pablo-gargallo-aguaron-1528652">Pablo Gargallo Aguarón</a>, Personal Docente e Investigador en Fisioterapia, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/universidad-san-jorge-5704">Universidad San Jorge</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/theres-a-link-between-walking-speed-and-ageing-well-heres-how-you-can-improve-your-pace-245880">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

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How to maintain a slower pace of life after lockdown

<p>Before lockdown, our lives were defined by speed. Rushing around, living life at rocket pace was the norm. Keeping up with work responsibilities, social obligations and the latest tech or fashion trends was a neverending feat. Only a privileged few <a href="https://hbr.org/2018/12/the-growing-business-of-helping-customers-slow-down">could afford to slow down</a>.</p> <p>But in lockdown, the pace of life slowed <a href="https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-how-the-pandemic-has-changed-our-perception-of-time-139240">dramatically overnight for everyone</a>. People literally stopped running to work. The office, gyms, pubs, clubs and restaurants closed. Global travel shut down. Staying at home became the new normal. People began playing board games and puzzles, gardening, baking and other analogue pursuits with their new found time.</p> <p>Now that we are gradually emerging from lockdown, one tentative step at a time, is it possible to hold on to the benefits of being slowed down, and not go back to our old rushed way of living? <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/45/6/1142/4999270">Our research</a> shows that in order to experience the benefits of slowing down, people must decelerate in three ways.</p> <p><strong>1. Slowing down your body</strong></p> <p>We call this embodied deceleration – when the body itself slows down. For example, when people walk or cycle as their primary forms of transportation, rather than taking the tube, train or bus.</p> <p>During lockdown, we have all had to stay close to our homes, and public transport has been for essential workers only. As we come out of lockdown, the city of London, for example, is expecting more people to continue walking and cycling rather than taking faster forms of transport, and is altering the built environment of the city to facilitate this.</p> <p>If possible, try to continue these slower forms of moving, as <a href="https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Resonance%3A+A+Sociology+of+Our+Relationship+to+the+World-p-9781509519927">they do not only provide</a> physical benefits. Moving at a slower pace allows for feeling a stronger connection between body and mind, which can gradually open up mental space for deep reflection. It is about getting into a mindset in which you have time to think, not just react.</p> <p><strong>2. Controlling your technology use</strong></p> <p>You don’t need to give up technology entirely. This is about having control over technology, and also communicating more face-to-face.</p> <p>During lockdown, we have all relied on technology to a great extent – to do our work remotely as well as keep in touch with our loved ones. Yet technology has been used to rekindle vibrant and meaningful connections to those who are important to us. From Zoom happy hours with long lost friends to watching movies with a partner, technology has been used to reinforce close connections.</p> <p>Try to continue these practices as you emerge from lockdown. For example, keep up your involvement with the WhatsApp neighbourhood group, which checks in on vulnerable community members. This keeps you grounded in the local, and continues your use of technology to facilitate close, meaningful and long lasting, rather than superficial and short, relations with others.</p> <p><strong>3. Limiting your activities</strong></p> <p>This is engaging in only a few activities per day and – crucially – reducing the amount of choices you make about buying things. During lockdown, when we were all confined to our homes, the only activities to be engaged in and choices to be made were where to set up our home office, what to eat for each meal, and where and when to take a walk. Now, as we begin to see others outside of our household, as restaurants and bars begin to open for takeaway and shops start to reopen, the amount of activities and things we can consume starts to rise.</p> <p>Try to remember the feeling of making your own food, and sharing it with your household, rather than running back to eating many meals out and on the go. As you emerge from lockdown, try to maintain practices like stopping work to eat your lunch in the middle of the day, and take tea breaks, preferably with others and outdoors when you can. There is much value to be gained from having the rhythm of your daily life be one which you can savour.</p> <p>In general, all three dimensions of slowing down speak to simplicity, authenticity and less materialism. Although many people desired these in their life pre-lockdown, it was hard to achieve them, as we felt there was no getting off the sped-up rollercoaster.</p> <p>Now, when we have all experienced the benefits of living a life which emphasises these values – the amount of things purchased during lockdown was quite small, and many people decluttered their homes – there is an incentive to hold on to this rather than rush back to our old, accelerated life.</p> <p>We are seeing societal changes which facilitate maintaining this new, slowed down rhythm. New Zealand is talking about <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/20/jacinda-ardern-flags-four-day-working-week-as-way-to-rebuild-new-zealand-after-covid-19">moving to a four-day work week</a>, for example, and Twitter <a href="https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/keeping-our-employees-and-partners-safe-during-coronavirus.html">says employees</a> can continue to work from home indefinitely.</p> <p>The current moment offers a unique opportunity to push back against the cult of speed and to continue life in this slower, more meaningful form.</p> <p><em>Written by Giana Eckhardt and Katharina C. Husemann. Republished with permission of <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-maintain-a-slower-pace-of-life-after-lockdown-140088">The Conversation.</a> </em></p>

Retirement Life

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People who look young really are ageing slower

<p>Some lucky people look young for their age, while others appear old before their time; now, researchers from Dunedin can start to tell us why.</p> <p>A method to measure the pace of ageing of people in their 20s or 30s has emerged from the <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/archive/national-news/128037/Under-the-microscope-from-cradle-to-grave" target="_blank">University of Otago's long-running Dunedin Multidisciplinary Study</a></strong></span>, which has tracked more than 1000 people born in Dunedin in 1972-73 from birth to the present.</p> <p>A large number of health measures, such as blood pressure, white blood cell count, liver and kidney function, have been taken regularly along with interviews and other assessments.</p> <p>The paper, written by a team from the United States, United Kingdom, Israel, and New Zealand, was published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</p> <p>It revealed a panel of 18 biomarkers that could be combined to determine whether people were ageing faster or slower than their peers.</p> <p>When these 18 measures were assessed together in 954 study members at age 38, researchers were able to set "biological ages" for each person. In contract to chronological ages, these ranged from 30 to nearly 60 years.  </p> <p>The same measures were then analysed from when the subjects were aged 26 and 32, to determine their "hidden pace of ageing", Dunedin study director Professor Richie Poulton said.</p> <p>"As we expected, those who were biologically older at age 38 also appeared to have been aging at a faster pace. A biological age of 40, for example, meant that person was aging at a rate of 1.2 years per year over the 12 years the study examined," he said.</p> <p>Most were found to be clustered around one biological year per chronological year, but others were found to be ageing as fast as three biological years per actual year, while some where staying "younger than their age", Poulton said.</p> <p>Three subjects even had a pace of ageing less than zero - meaning they appeared to grow physiologically younger during their 30s.</p> <p>Individuals who were ageing more rapidly were less physically able, showed brain ageing, suffered worse health, and looked older.</p> <p>Beyond clinical indications, a person's experience of ageing was found to be influenced by their own perceptions of their well-being and by that of others.</p> <p>With the world's population aged 80 years and over expected to approach 400 million by 2050, extending healthy lifespans could help relieve an "enormous global burden of disease and disability", he said.</p> <p>The ultimate goal was to be able to intervene in the ageing process itself, before killers such as heart disease or cancer can strike, first author Dan Belsky, an assistant research professor at Duke University's Centre for Ageing, said.</p> <p>"Ageing itself has to be the target to prevent multiple diseases simultaneously, otherwise it's a game of whack-a-mole."</p> <p><em>Written by Katie Kenny. First appeared on <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz"><strong>Stuff.co.nz</strong></a>.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/beauty-style/2017/02/1-minute-anti-ageing-tricks/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1-minute anti-ageing tricks</span></strong></em></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/caring/2017/02/why-we-become-more-forgetful-with-age/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Why we become more forgetful with age – and what you can do about it</span></strong></em></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2017/02/why-we-gain-weight-as-we-age/"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">The reason why we gain weight as we age</span></strong></em></a></p> <p> </p>

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