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The surprising power of photography in ageing well

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>Older adults are often faced with lifestyle changes that can disrupt their sense of place and purpose. It may be the loss of a partner, downsizing their home, or moving to residential aged care. And these changes can come with loss of identity, uncertainty, disconnect and isolation.</p> <p>But what if I told you a simple camera could help alleviate some of these pains? I’ve been working with older adults for the past decade, using photography as a way of connecting with place, and the results have been transformational.</p> <h2>The value of creative ageing</h2> <p><a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1288760/full">Research has shown</a> arts engagement can significantly enhance the mental wellbeing and overall health of older adults.</p> <p>Australia has responded by developing <a href="https://www.nsw.gov.au/arts-and-culture/engage-nsw-arts-and-culture/resource-hub/creative-ageing">Creative Ageing Frameworks</a> and the <a href="https://www.arts.qld.gov.au/images/documents/artsqld/Research/National-Arts-and-Health-Framework-May-2014.pdf">National Arts Health Framework</a>, which position creative activity as valuable components of productive and healthy ageing.</p> <p>But while creative ageing programs are expanding, there are still many barriers to participation, including cost, accessibility, participants’ self-doubt, and a lack of skilled facilitators.</p> <p>This highlights a need for more inclusive approaches that use familiar tools – and that’s where photography comes in. Photography is a multi-sensory embodied practice. It allows us to be mindful, slow down, and look for beauty in everyday life. It can also prompt us to see the world differently.</p> <p>Recent research by my colleagues and I documents how taking photographs can increase older adults’ <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.70040">connection to place, creativity and overall wellbeing</a>.</p> <p>Specifically, we explored the impact of photography as not so much a structured “art activity”, but as a practice of connecting to place and other people through group photo walks.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/866929737" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></figure> <p>Over the past 18 months we’ve been working with several groups of older adults who live in aged care and community settings. We found that framing the world through a lens can powerfully transform a photographer’s relationship to the environment, and their sense of agency within it.</p> <p>This practice of intentional “seeing” creates opportunities for discovery in even the most familiar surroundings.</p> <p>As one aged care resident, Kathleen, put it:</p> <blockquote> <p>It’s given me a new sense of enjoyment and purpose and changed how I look at both life and seeing places in here that I’ve never seen before.</p> </blockquote> <h2>Easy, meaningful and social</h2> <p>So what makes photography particularly suited to older adults? Our research highlights some key factors.</p> <p><strong>It’s accessible and familiar</strong></p> <p>Photography has become one of the most democratic of creative pursuits. Most people carry a camera via their phone or tablet and know how to operate it. Older adults <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-digital-divide-small-social-programs-can-help-get-seniors-online-99082">are no exception</a>.</p> <p>This familiarity removes common barriers, such as the need to learn a new skill, and instead builds on existing knowledge. This makes photography an ideal creative expression; it requires no special training or equipment, and there is little room for doubt one’s capability.</p> <p><strong>It’s meaningful</strong></p> <p>Unlike many other creative activities offered to pass time, photography constitutes a meaningful activity for older adults. According to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32022414/">research</a>, “meaningful” activities for older adults are those that are enjoyable, engaging, suited to individual skills, related to personal goals, and <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2021.1963828">connected to identity</a>.</p> <p>Photography can be exploratory, fun, and deeply personal. The outcomes can be <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajag.70040">shared with others</a>, discussed, displayed and privately revisited, allowing connection to one’s self and the surrounding world.</p> <p><strong>Seeing the familiar differently</strong></p> <p>Photography honours a photographer’s life experience and perspectives. Each photograph becomes both a creative expression, and validation, of their unique viewpoint – and allows them to see the world through new eyes.</p> <p>During group <a href="https://www.collaborativephotography.com/projects/photowalks">photo walk</a> sessions held for my research, participants expressed delight in sharing the same experience of visiting a familiar place, while capturing their own distinct vision of it.</p> <p>When we returned to discuss the sessions, the group formed collective narratives, with each person adding their own unique contribution. Photography offers social and community connection while celebrating individual creativity and perspective.</p> <p>The different versions of Russell Anderson’s “iDIDIT!” sculpture on a walk on the Sunshine Coast.</p> <p><strong>Being outside in the world</strong></p> <p>While photography can be done anywhere, most people will head outside when exploring with a camera. This was particularly important for people living in aged care, who often didn’t venture out into the gardens.</p> <p>One participant, Margaret, was relearning how to walk after a stroke, and enjoyed our creative walks together.</p> <figure class="align-right zoomable"></figure> <p>She grew more confident with each walk, her purpose being to see parts of the residential aged care facility that she’d never accessed and photographed before. Going outside with a camera allowed her to connect to her new home.</p> <h2>Putting it into practice</h2> <p>The beautiful thing about photography is that anyone can do it, and there is no right or wrong. You can simply start by slowing down and looking for interesting shadows, textures, or details.</p> <p>For those working with older adults, photography is an adaptable, low-cost activity that works across various settings and abilities. You can do it indoors, from a wheelchair, sitting on a wheelie walker, or while getting some exercise.</p> <p>Photo walks, in particular, are a great way for photographers to share experiences and connect. <!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/257344/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tricia-king-1025874">Tricia King</a>, Senior Lecturer in Photography, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-the-sunshine-coast-1068">University of the Sunshine Coast</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-surprising-power-of-photography-in-ageing-well-257344">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Pexels / Kampus Production</em></p> </div>

Caring

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What’s the difference between ageing and frailty?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>Ageing is a normal part of the life course. It doesn’t matter how many green smoothies you drink, or how many “anti-ageing” skin care products you use, you can’t stop the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685272/">ageing process</a>.</p> <p>But while we’re all getting older, not everyone who ages will necessarily become frail. Ageing and frailty are closely related, but they’re not the same thing.</p> <p>Let’s break down the difference between the two.</p> <h2>What is ageing?</h2> <p>On a biological level, ageing is the result of the build-up of <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health">cellular and molecular damage</a> in the body over time.</p> <p>The ageing process causes a gradual decline in physical and mental function, a higher risk of disease, and eventual (and unavoidable) death.</p> <p>Still, some people think they can cheat the system, <a href="https://fortune.com/well/article/bryan-johnson-live-longer-unrecognizable-anti-aging-procedure/">spending millions</a> trying to stay young forever. While we may be able to reduce the <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-these-three-popular-anti-ageing-skincare-ingredients-work-heres-what-the-evidence-says-182200">appearance of ageing</a>, ultimately there’s <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44324-024-00040-3">no magic pill</a> to <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685272/">increase our longevity</a>.</p> <p>Around one in six Australians are over the age of 65 (<a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australians/contents/demographic-profile">16% of the total population</a>). Yet <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03601277.2024.2402056">as individuals</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/fear-of-ageing-is-really-a-fear-of-the-unknown-and-modern-society-is-making-things-worse-220925">a society</a> many of us still have a <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/health-and-wellness/we-ve-been-constructed-to-think-a-certain-way-the-psychology-of-ageing-20231213-p5er6a.html">fear of ageing</a>.</p> <p>But what is it about ageing we are so afraid of? When it comes down to it, many people are probably less afraid of ageing, and more afraid of becoming frail.</p> <h2>What is frailty?</h2> <p><a href="https://www.afn.org.au/what-is-frailty/">Frailty</a> is defined as a state of vulnerability characterised by a loss of reserve across multiple parts of the body.</p> <p>Frailty is generally characterised by <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/frailty-declared-a-medical-condition">several physical symptoms</a>, such as weakness, slow walking speed, exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, and low activity level.</p> <p>Lower bone density and osteoporosis (a condition where the bones become weak and brittle) are also <a href="https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-024-04875-w">associated with frailty</a>, increasing the risk of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770723020250">falls and fractures</a>.</p> <p>Notably, someone who is frail is less able to “bounce back” (or recover) after a stressor event compared to someone who is not frail. A stressor event could be, for example, having a fall, getting a urinary infection, or even being admitted to hospital.</p> <p>Frailty is more common in older people. But in some cases, frailty can affect younger people too. For example, people with advanced chronic diseases, such as <a href="https://academic.oup.com/eurjcn/article/22/4/345/6775229">heart failure</a>, can <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja15.00801">develop frailty</a> much younger.</p> <p>Frailty is dynamic. While it can get worse over time, in some cases <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037851221830478X">frailty can also be reversed</a> or even prevented through health and lifestyle changes.</p> <p>For example, we know physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle can <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)31786-6/abstract">significantly increase a person’s risk</a> of becoming frail. On the flip side, evidence shows doing more exercise can <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36746389/">reduce frailty in older adults</a>.</p> <p>There are other lifestyle modifications we can make too. And the earlier we make these changes, the better.</p> <h2>Preventing frailty</h2> <p>Here are some <a href="https://youtu.be/41cMkvsaOOM">key things</a> you can do to <a href="https://www.self.com/story/how-to-avoid-frailty-old-age">help prevent frailty</a>:</p> <p><strong>1. Get moving</strong></p> <p>Exercise more, including resistance training (such as squats and lunges, or grab some stretchy resistance bands). Many of these sorts of exercises can be done at home. YouTube has some <a href="https://youtu.be/XDQo4wslr7I?si=FAoyHLDZgSG5AN1r">great resources</a>.</p> <p>You might also consider joining a gym, or asking your GP about seeing an accredited exercise physiologist or physiotherapist. Medicare <a href="https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&amp;q=10953&amp;qt=item">subsidies may be available</a> for these specialists.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/topics/physical-activity-and-exercise/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians/for-older-australians-65-years-and-over">physical activity guidelines</a> for older Australians recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most days or preferably every day.</p> <p>The guidelines also highlight the importance of incorporating different types of activities (such as resistance, balance or flexibility exercises) and reducing the time you spend sitting down.</p> <p><strong>2. Stay socially active</strong></p> <p>Social isolation and loneliness can <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/64/10/gnae114/7734069">contribute to the progression of frailty</a>. Reach out to friends and family for support or contact local community groups that you may be able to join. This might include your local Zumba class or bridge club.</p> <p><strong>3. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to regularly check your medications</strong></p> <p>“Polypharmacy” (when someone is prescribed <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/healthcare-variation/fourth-atlas-2021/medicines-use-older-people/61-polypharmacy-75-years-and-over">five or more medications</a>) is associated with an increased <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6005607/">risk of frailty</a>. The presence of frailty can also interfere with how the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637419300387">body absorbs medicines</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/home-medicines-review">Home medicine reviews</a> are available for older adults with a <a href="https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&amp;q=900">chronic medical condition or a complex medication regimen</a>. These reviews aims to help people get the most benefit from their medicines and reduce their risk of <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-04/fourth_atlas_2021_-_6.2_medications_management_reviews_75_years_and_over_0.pdf">experiencing adverse effects</a>.</p> <p>Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your current medications.</p> <p><strong>4. Eat a protein-rich diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables</strong></p> <p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/61/6/589/589472?login=true#9578331">Low nutrient intake</a> can negatively impact physical function and may increase your risk of becoming frail. There’s some evidence to suggest eating more protein may <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/49/1/32/5618813">delay the onset of frailty</a>.</p> <p>A food-first approach is best when looking to increase the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7598653/#:%7E:text=Many%20studies%20have%20described%20an,are%20necessary%20to%20prevent%20frailty.">protein in your diet</a>. Protein is found in <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/protein#protein-foods">foods such as</a> lean meats, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products, legumes and nuts.</p> <p>Adults over 50 should aim to eat <a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/nutrient-reference-values/nutrients/protein">64 grams of protein</a> per day for men and 46g per day for women. Adults over 70 should aim for 81g per day for men and 57g per day for women.</p> <p>Ask your GP for a referral to a dietitian who can provide advice on a dietary regime that is best for you.</p> <p>Supplements may be recommended if you are struggling to meet your protein needs from diet alone.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/247450/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/julee-mcdonagh-1525476">Julee McDonagh</a>, Senior Research Fellow of Frailty Research, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/caleb-ferguson-72">Caleb Ferguson</a>, Professor of Nursing and Director of Health Innovations, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/whats-the-difference-between-ageing-and-frailty-one-is-inevitable-the-other-is-not-247450">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Mikhail Nikov / Pexels</em></p> </div>

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How to get started investing later in life

<p>For some people – particularly women – investing may not have been an option until now, constrained by a lack of income while raising children or low incomes leaving nothing to invest once the bills were paid.</p> <p>Others find a new-found need to invest later in life, such as after a separation, inability to work through illness or injury, or the sudden death of their partner.</p> <p>No matter your reason for exploring investing later in life, the following pointers will get you on your way to building financial independence and a comfortable retirement.</p> <p><strong>Update your strategy</strong></p> <p>When was the last time you updated your spending and investment plan (or household budget)? It may have been before the kids left home, your mortgage was paid off, or you began transitioning into part-time retirement. </p> <p>If so, your living costs have changed significantly – work expenses, home energy consumption, groceries etc. Furthermore, your goals, healthcare and lifestyle needs may also have changed.</p> <p>Update your strategy to align with your current goals, values, income and spending habits. Only then will you understand how much you can afford to invest and where to direct those funds.</p> <p><strong>Right-size your superannuation</strong></p> <p>In your later years, super is likely to be front of mind. Ensure this investment works its hardest for you by scrutinising its:</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Structure: retail or industry fund? SMSF? Each has its own costs and benefits to contemplate.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Investments: reexamine the types of assets held, level of diversification and risk weighting.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Insurances: do you have adequate life, permanent disability and income protection cover? </p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Take advantage of superannuation strategies you may not be aware of</p> <p><strong>Unlock home equity</strong></p> <p>The biggest source of money you likely have at this stage of life is equity in your home. </p> <p>This can be used to invest with minimal impact on your everyday finances. In fact, unused equity is effectively dead money (until you sell the property).</p> <p>I always urge caution on reverse mortgages. In theory, they seem like a great way of unlocking equity without saddling you with regular repayments. However, they typically:</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>accumulate more debt.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>have higher interest rates than standard mortgages.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>only grant access to a portion of your equity.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>can restrict your options to downsize later.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>could leave you with no remaining equity when you sell the property or nothing to leave to your benefactors when you pass away.</p> <p><strong>Consider downsizing</strong></p> <p>An alternative to refinancing is downsizing from the family home. </p> <p>As well as unlocking money for investing, you benefit from lower upkeep costs (and cleaning!) on a smaller property and can make a lifestyle change at the same time (moving nearer to family, away from bustling cities, or into supported care if required).</p> <p>Additionally, you may be able to use part of the sale proceeds (up to $300,000) to turbocharge your super with a one-off <a href="https://www.ato.gov.au/individuals-and-families/super-for-individuals-and-families/super/growing-and-keeping-track-of-your-super/how-to-save-more-in-your-super/downsizer-super-contributions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">downsizer contribution</a>.</p> <p><strong>Examine pension impacts</strong></p> <p>Investing can impact your ability to claim the age pension when you retire, and how much you receive. </p> <p>This often comes to bite people who unlock equity in their home to invest, without realising that doing so means the money suddenly counts towards the pension means test.</p> <p>Before doing anything, methodically weigh up which will leave you financially better off – claiming a full or part pension, or self-funding your retirement through investments.</p> <p><strong>Minimise tax</strong></p> <p>Hefty tax bills can easily wipe out any investment returns, making tax a crucial factor in your decision-making.</p> <p>Potential tax considerations to factor into your strategy include:</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Determining the most tax-effective ownership structure (e.g. do you invest in your or partner’s name? Through your super? Through a trust or company?</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Incorporating stamp duty into purchase costs.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Ensuring there is enough profit from the sale of an investment to cover Capital Gains Tax (CGT) and income tax liabilities before deciding to sell.</p> <p>•<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Timing a sale to fall within the optimal financial year (e.g. in a year where your taxable income is lower or when relevant tax changes come into effect).</p> <p><strong>Invest in knowledge</strong></p> <p>Later in life, you have fewer working years remaining to recover any losses. Given the far-reaching implications of investing, I highly recommend first speaking to a financial adviser.  Many times the fees are paid for in initial tax savings. </p> <p>They can help you maximise your returns, minimise your tax, ensure you don’t inadvertently leave yourself worse off and give you peace of mind.</p> <p>After all, the whole point of investing is to make money. And, without current professional advice, you simply don’t know what you don’t know!</p> <p><em>Helen Baker is a licensed Australian financial adviser and author of the new book, Money For Life: How to build financial security from firm foundations (Major Street Publishing $32.99). Helen is among the 1% of financial planners who hold a master’s degree in the field. Proceeds from book sales are donated to charities supporting disadvantaged women and children. Find out more at <a href="http://www.onyourowntwofeet.com.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.onyourowntwofeet.com.au</a></em></p> <p><em>Disclaimer: The information in this article is of a general nature only and does not constitute personal financial or product advice. Any opinions or views expressed are those of the authors and do not represent those of people, institutions or organisations the owner may be associated with in a professional or personal capacity unless explicitly stated. Helen Baker is an authorised representative of BPW Partners Pty Ltd AFSL 548754.</em></p> <p> </p>

Retirement Income

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Why do some people get a curved back as they age and what can we do to avoid it?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p>As we age, it’s common to notice posture changes: shoulders rounding, head leaning forward, back starting to curve. You might associate this with older adults and wonder: will this happen to me? Can I prevent it?</p> <p>It’s sometimes called “hunchback” or “roundback”, but the medical term for a curved back is kyphosis.</p> <p>When the curve is beyond what’s considered normal (greater than 40 degrees), we refer to this as hyperkyphosis. In more <a href="https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2010.3099#_i12:%7E:text=gold%2Dstandard%20radiograph.-,Clinical%20Consequences%20of%20Hyperkyphosis,-Functional%20Limitations">severe cases</a>, it may lead to pain, reduced mobility and physical function, or lower quality of life.</p> <p>Here’s how it happens, and how to reduce your risk.</p> <h2>What causes a curved back?</h2> <p>A healthy spine has an elongated s-shape, so a curve in the upper spine is completely normal.</p> <p>But when that curve becomes exaggerated and fixed (meaning you can’t stand up straight even if you try), it can signal a problem.</p> <p>One common cause of a curved back is poor posture. This type, called postural kyphosis, usually develops over time due to muscle imbalances, particularly in younger people who spend hours:</p> <ul> <li>hunched over a desk</li> <li>slouched in a chair, or</li> <li>looking down at a phone.</li> </ul> <p>Fortunately, this kind of curved back is often reversible with the right exercises, stretches and posture awareness.</p> <p>Older adults often develop a curved back, known as age-related kyphosis or hyperkyphosis.</p> <p>This is usually due to wear and tear in the spine, including vertebral compression fractures, which are tiny cracks in the bones of the spine (vertebrae).</p> <p>These cracks are most often caused by osteoporosis, a condition that makes bones more fragile with age.</p> <p>In these cases, it’s not just bad posture – it’s a structural change in the spine.</p> <h2>How can you tell the difference?</h2> <p>Signs of age-related hyperkyphosis include:</p> <ul> <li>your back curves even when you try to stand up straight</li> <li>back pain or stiffness</li> <li>a loss of height (anything greater than 3-4 centimetres compared to your peak adult height may be considered outside of “normal” ageing).</li> </ul> <p>Other causes of a curved back include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30407981/">Scheuermann’s kyphosis</a> (which often develops during adolescence when the bones in the spine grow unevenly, leading to a forward curve in the upper back)</li> <li><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4347150/">congenital kyphosis</a> (a rare condition present from birth, caused by improper formation of the spinal bones. It can result in a more severe, fixed curve that worsens as a child grows)</li> <li>scoliosis (where the spine curves sideways into a c- or s-shape when viewed from behind), and</li> <li>lordosis (an excessive inward curve in the lower back, when viewed from the side).</li> </ul> <p>In addition to these structural conditions, arthritis, and in rare cases, spinal injuries or infections, can also play a role.</p> <h2>Should I see a doctor about my curved back?</h2> <p>Yes, especially if you’ve noticed a curve developing, have ongoing back pain, or have lost height over time.</p> <p>These can be signs of vertebral fractures, which can occur in the absence of an obvious injury, and are often painless.</p> <p>While one in five older adults have a vertebral fracture, as many as two-thirds of these fractures are <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002934315010128?casa_token=DzXngmS6GIoAAAAA:3ub0V4PuHbKjrqO9xYDo8vx2m9k6tbOtmz4yIVzkQvH-VylhgO_KnKaTYDLXpiHc9_4Jz0iNdQ">not diagnosed and treated</a>.</p> <p>In Australia, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and Healthy Bones Australia <a href="https://healthybonesaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/oa-racgp-osteoporosis-clinical-guidelines-2nd-ed.pdf">recommend</a> a spine x-ray for:</p> <ul> <li>people with kyphosis</li> <li>height loss equal to or more than 3 centimetres, or</li> <li>unexplained back pain.</li> </ul> <h2>What can I do to reduce my risk?</h2> <p>If you’re young or middle-aged, the habits you build today matter.</p> <p>The best way to prevent a curved back is to keep your bones strong, muscles active, and posture in check. That means:</p> <ul> <li>doing regular resistance training, especially targeting upper back muscles</li> <li>staying physically active, aiming for at least <a href="https://www.who.int/initiatives/behealthy/physical-activity">150 minutes per week</a></li> <li>getting enough protein, calcium, and vitamin D to support bone and muscle health</li> <li>avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol to reduce risk factors that worsen bone density and overall wellbeing</li> </ul> <p>Pay attention to your posture while sitting and standing. Position your head over your shoulders and shoulders over your hips. This reduces strain on your spine.</p> <h2>What exercises help prevent and manage a curved back?</h2> <p>Focus on <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5112023/">exercises that strengthen the muscles</a> that support an upright posture, particularly the upper back and core, while improving mobility in the chest and shoulders.</p> <p>In general, you want to prioritise extension-based movements. These involve straightening or lifting the spine and pulling the shoulders back.</p> <p>Repeated forward-bending (or flexion) movements may make things worse, especially in people with osteoporosis or spinal fractures.</p> <p>Good exercises include:</p> <ul> <li>back extensions (gently lift your chest off the floor while lying face down)</li> <li>resistance exercises targeting the muscles between your shoulder blades</li> <li>weight-bearing activities (such as brisk walking, jogging, stair climbing, or dancing) to keep bones strong and support overall fitness</li> <li>stretching your chest and hip flexors to open your posture and relieve tightness.</li> </ul> <p>Flexibility and balance training (such as yoga and pilates) can be <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3700806/">beneficial</a>, particularly for posture awareness, balance, and mobility. But <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31034509/">research</a> increasingly supports muscle strengthening as the cornerstone of prevention and management.</p> <p>Muscle strengthening exercises, such as weight lifting or resistance training, reduces spinal curvature while enhancing muscle and bone mass.</p> <p>If you suspect you have kyphosis or already have osteoporosis or a vertebral fracture, consult a health professional before starting an exercise program. There may be some activities to avoid.</p> <h2>Can a curved back be reversed?</h2> <p>If it’s caused by poor posture and muscle weakness, then yes, it’s possible.</p> <p>But if it’s caused by bone changes, especially vertebral fractures, then full reversal is unlikely. However, treatment can reduce pain, improve function, and slow further progression.</p> <p>Protecting your posture isn’t just about appearance. It’s about staying strong, mobile and independent as you age.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/252811/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jakub-mesinovic-2351870">Jakub Mesinovic</a>, Research Fellow at the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/deakin-university-757">Deakin University</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-scott-1258511">David Scott</a>, Associate Professor (Research) and NHMRC Emerging Leadership Fellow, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/deakin-university-757">Deakin University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-do-some-people-get-a-curved-back-as-they-age-and-what-can-i-do-to-avoid-it-252811">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Life Care Home Health</em></p> </div>

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Big changes are planned for aged care in 2025

<div class="theconversation-article-body">There has been little new in pre-election promises for Australia’s aged-care workers, providers or the <a href="https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/topics/people-using-aged-care#agedcareuseinaustralia">1.3 million people</a> who use aged care.</p> <p>In March, Labor announced <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-anika-wells-mp/media/extra-26-billion-to-deliver-another-pay-rise-for-aged-care-nurses">A$2.6 billion</a> for another pay rise for aged-care nurses in addition to previous <a href="https://theconversation.com/aged-care-workers-have-won-a-huge-pay-rise-what-about-the-cleaners-cooks-and-admin-staff-who-support-them-226236">pay increases</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>There’s been <a href="https://stories.theconversation.com/policy-tracker/">nothing substantial on aged care</a> from Labor or the Opposition since.</p> <p>Major changes are scheduled for the sector later this year, four years after the damning <a href="https://www.royalcommission.gov.au/aged-care/final-report">Royal Commission report into aged care</a>. Yet no additional funding has been announced.</p> <p>Estimates suggest funding is short <a href="https://www.stewartbrown.com.au/images/documents/StewartBrown_-_Taskforce_Funding_Reforms_Analysis_September_2024.pdf">around $5 billion</a> to address losses by residential care providers or the shortfall in <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/hcp/about">Home Care Packages</a>.</p> <h2>What can we expect this year?</h2> <p>A <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/aged-care-act">new Aged Care Act</a> will come into force on July 1 with a much greater emphasis on the rights of older people to get the care that suits their needs. This will mean:</p> <ul> <li> <p>a new system to regulate aged care</p> </li> <li> <p>a new independent complaints commissioner</p> </li> <li> <p>a new <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/support-at-home">Support at Home</a> program for older people who want to live at home, and in the community</p> </li> <li> <p>changes to fees for residential aged care.</p> </li> </ul> <p>But a number of problems remain and it is not clear the reforms being introduced this year will fix them.</p> <h2>Access is still an issue</h2> <p>Access to aged care <a href="https://www.igac.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-08/2024-progress-report-on-the-implementation-of-the-recommendations-of-the-royal-commission-into-aged-care-quality-and-safety.pdf">continues to be a problem</a>, particularly in rural and remote areas. The system is difficult to navigate for often vulnerable and confused consumers and their families.</p> <p>The government relies heavily on the <a href="https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/">My Aged Care website</a> to inform older people and their families about aged care options. But this provides only basic information and it is difficult to get individualised support.</p> <p>There is also a “digital divide” for a significant group who are unfamiliar with, and lack confidence in, using online services.</p> <p>So we need a much greater emphasis on providing local “one stop shops” for personalised support and advice, particularly when people first enter the aged-care system. These services could be provided through Centrelink or new regional aged-care offices.</p> <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=288&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/660643/original/file-20250409-56-a7c9ej.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" alt="Screenshot of My Aged Care website" /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">Not everyone can navigate websites to get information about the care they need.</span> <span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/">Screenshot/My Aged Care</a></span></figcaption></figure> <p>About <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/disability/disability-ageing-and-carers-australia-summary-findings/latest-release">one-third of older people</a> say they need help to live at home. But to get assistance you need an aged-care assessment and that process too needs improving.</p> <p><a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2024/data-downloads/rogs-2024-partf-overview-and-sections.pdf">Waiting times for assessment</a> have blown out, with reported delays of up to <a href="https://www.theweeklysource.com.au/home-care/older-australians-are-increasingly-dying-waiting-for-home-care-packages-to-be-assigned">five months</a>.</p> <h2>Older people prefer to stay at home</h2> <p>There are some concerns the number of new aged-care beds is <a href="https://www.theweeklysource.com.au/aged-care/the-repercussions-of-a-need-for-6600-new-aged-care-beds-in-fy24-colliers">not increasing fast enough</a>. For instance, there are shortages of residential aged care in particular areas such as <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-02-13/act-government-shuts-burrangiri-aged-care-respite-facility/104927780">Canberra</a>.</p> <p>But admission times to residential aged care generally <a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2024/data-downloads/rogs-2024-partf-overview-and-sections.pdf">have not increased</a> and occupancy rates are <a href="https://www.pc.gov.au/ongoing/report-on-government-services/2024/data-downloads/rogs-2024-partf-overview-and-sections.pdf">declining</a>. This suggests older people <a href="https://www.australianageingagenda.com.au/royal-commission/most-want-home-based-aged-care/#:%7E:text=A%20survey%20of%20more%20than,to%20live%20in%20a%20facility.">would prefer home</a> to residential care.</p> <p>Yet increased demand for home-care packages is <a href="https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/c2339cbc-3e13-4893-9d03-9ca43ecdc55f/Home-Care-Packages-Program-Data-Report-2nd-Qtr-2024-2025">not being met</a>.</p> <p>For those who need more intensive services at home, <a href="https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/c2339cbc-3e13-4893-9d03-9ca43ecdc55f/Home-Care-Packages-Program-Data-Report-2nd-Qtr-2024-2025">waiting times</a> remain stubbornly and unacceptably long because there aren’t enough home care packages.</p> <p>Despite years of complaints, there are still more than <a href="https://www.theweeklysource.com.au/government-policy/home-care-wait-list-climbs-to-over-81000-with-six-month-delays-at-all-levels">80,000 people</a> on the waiting list for care at home.</p> <p>The new <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/support-at-home/about">Support at Home program</a> will introduce an eight-level system of support. The highest level of home-care funding will <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/support-at-home/features#key-elements-of-the-new-program">increase to $78,000</a> to bridge the gap between funding for home and residential care. But many more intensive care packages for home care will be needed to reduce waiting times.</p> <p>The Support at Home program also introduces significantly higher out-of-pocket costs for older people. Such costs for everyday services – such as meals, cleaning and gardening – currently funded through the Commonwealth Home Support Program will <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-02/support-at-home-program-handbook.pdf">increase significantly</a>.</p> <p>Most controversially, there will also be <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-02/support-at-home-program-handbook.pdf">greater out-of-pocket costs</a> for “independence” services including personal care, social support, respite care and therapy.</p> <h2>Staff shortages still a concern</h2> <p>For aged-care providers, <a href="https://theconversation.com/we-have-too-few-aged-care-workers-to-care-for-older-australians-why-and-what-can-we-do-about-it-232707">chronic workforce shortages</a> are still the biggest problem. Recent <a href="https://theconversation.com/aged-care-workers-have-won-a-huge-pay-rise-what-about-the-cleaners-cooks-and-admin-staff-who-support-them-226236">increases in wages</a> for aged-care workers, including nurses, are a step in the right direction. But wages are still low.</p> <p>It remains hard to attract staff, staff turnover is high and staff are under-trained, risking the quality of care. Shortages are particularly acute in rural areas.</p> <p>The <a href="https://ageingaustralia.asn.au/media-releases/ageing-australia-calls-on-all-parties-to-make-aged-care-an-election-priority/">aged-care industry is calling for</a> streamlined migration, better training and incentives for regional workers to make up the shortfall. But so far no new election announcements have been made.</p> <h2>No real reform</h2> <p>Despite changes we’ll see from July, the organisation and financing of aged care remains fundamentally unchanged.</p> <p>Overall, Australia’s aged-care system is still heavily privatised and fragmented. In <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-08/financial-report-on-the-australian-aged-care-sector-2022-23.pdf">2022-23</a> there were 923 home-care providers, 764 residential-care providers and 1,334 home-support providers, nearly all in the private and not-for-profit sectors.</p> <p>The Commonwealth continues to manage the sector through a cumbersome combination of highly centralised regulation and prescriptive funding contracts.</p> <p>It has not put into place an effective, regional management structure to plan, organise and govern the sector to drive quality, innovation, equity, responsiveness and efficiency.</p> <p>Nor has the Commonwealth been willing to adequately finance the system either through a levy, a social insurance scheme or via increased taxation. Instead, it’s upping the reliance on user fees to meet the cost of providing services.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/253727/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/hal-swerissen-9722">Hal Swerissen</a>, Emeritus Professor of Public Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/la-trobe-university-842">La Trobe University</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/big-changes-are-planned-for-aged-care-in-2025-but-youd-never-know-from-the-major-parties-253727">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p> </div>

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Baywatch actress passes away aged 61

<p>Pamela Bach-Hasselhoff has passed away at the age of 61. </p> <p>The <em>Baywatch</em> actress and ex-wife of David Hasselhoff was found dead in her Los Angeles home on Wednesday, according to multiple media outlets in the US. </p> <p>Law enforcement sources have told TMZ that her family members were concerned after not hearing from her and wanted to check up on her. </p> <p>First responders were then called to her home after receiving a report of an unconscious female, and she was reportedly pronounced dead at the scene, according to <em>Page Six</em>. </p> <p>She has reportedly died by suicide. </p> <p>"Our family is deeply saddened by the recent passing of Pamela Hasselhoff," a representative for David Hasselhoff said in a statement.</p> <p>"We are grateful for the outpouring of love and support during this difficult time, but we kindly request privacy as we grieve and navigate through this challenging time."</p> <p>Bach was married to Hasselhoff for 17 years from 1989 to 2006, with the former couple sharing two children: daughters Taylor Ann Hasselhoff, 34, and Hayley Hasselhoff, 32.</p> <p>She was also a grandmother to Taylor's daughter, born in August 2024. </p> <p>Pamela was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1963 and moved to Los Angeles in 1985. </p> <p>That same year, she met David on the set of <em>Knight Rider</em>, with the couple tying the knot four years later. </p> <p>Six years later, she joined the cast of <em>Baywatch</em>, where she played  reporter and businesswoman Kate 'Kaye' Morgan periodically in a few episodes across seasons two, three, five and six.</p> <p>Pamela and David filed for divorce in January 2006, citing irreconcilable differences.</p> <p><em>Image: MediaPunch/ Shutterstock Editorial</em></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #212529; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Need to talk to someone? Don't go it alone. </em></span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #212529; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or visit lifeline.org.au</em></span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #212529; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Beyond Blue: 1300 224 636</em></span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #212529; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">SANE: 1800 187 263; saneforums.org</em></span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: #212529; font-family: -apple-system, 'system-ui', 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'; font-size: 16px; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p>

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Steve Smith's huge retirement news

<p>Australian veteran cricketer Steve Smith has announced his retirement from One Day International cricket. </p> <p>The 35-year-old, who stepped in to fill Pat Cummins’ captaincy role during the ICC Champions Trophy tournament, has played his 170th and last match in the ODI format, losing to India by four wickets. </p> <p>After the epic showdown, Smith fronted the media to make the bombshell announcement that his time in the green and gold 50-over uniform had come to an end, effective immediately.</p> <p>He said, “Now is a great opportunity for people to start preparing for the 2027 World Cup so it feels like the right time to make way.”</p> <p>A two-time Australian ODI player of the year and a member of the ICC’s ODI Team of the Year in 2015, Smith plans to continue playing Test matches for some time yet.</p> <p>“Test cricket remains a priority and I am really looking forward to the World Test Championship Final, the West Indies in the winter and then England at home,” he added. </p> <p>“I feel I still have a lot to contribute on that stage.”</p> <p>Cricket Australia chief executive Todd Greenberg led the tributes to Smith, stating: “Congratulations to Steve on an amazing One-Day International career during which he has made a vast contribution to Australia’s performances in the 50-over format."</p> <p>“Right up until his final ODI innings Steve exhibited an incredible ability to accumulate runs in all conditions and his astute leadership has been crucial in the team’s ongoing success including the 2015 and 2023 ICC World Cup victories."</p> <p>“We’re fortunate Steve still has much to offer in the Test and T20 arenas and I look forward to witnessing the next stage of one of cricket’s great careers.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: RAHAT DAR/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock Editorial </em></p>

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Dolly Parton's husband dies at age 82

<p>Dolly Parton's husband, Carl Dean, has died at the age of 82. </p> <p>Dean was notoriously private during their almost 60 years of marriage, after he tied the knot with the country music icon in 1966. </p> <p>Parton announced the sad news of her loss in a statement on her Instagram, saying "words can't do justice" to the "love [they] shared for over 60 years".</p> <p>"Carl Dean, husband of Dolly Parton, passed away March 3rd in Nashville at the age of 82," the statement read.</p> <p>"He will be laid to rest in a private ceremony with immediate family attending. He was survived by his siblings Sandra and Donnie."</p> <p>"Carl and I spent many wonderful years together. Words can't do justice to the love we shared for over 60 years. Thank you for your prayers and sympathy," Parton said in the statement.</p> <p>The statement concluded sharing that, "the family has asked for privacy during this difficult time".</p> <p>Parton met Dean outside the Wishy Washy Laundromat the day she moved to Nashville at 18.</p> <p>“I was surprised and delighted that while he talked to me, he looked at my face (a rare thing for me)," Parton described the meeting.</p> <p>"He seemed to be genuinely interested in finding out who I was and what I was about.”</p> <p>They married two years later, on Memorial Day, May 30th 1966, in a small ceremony in Ringgold, Georgia.</p> <p>He later inspired Parton’s classic, “<em>Jolene</em>”, as Parton told <em>NPR</em> in 2008 that she wrote the song about a flirty a bank teller who seemed to take an interest in Dean.</p> <p>Parton and Dean kept strict privacy around their relationship for decades, Parton telling The Associated Press in 1984: “A lot of people say there’s no Carl Dean, that he’s just somebody I made up to keep other people off me.”</p> <p>She joked that she’d like to pose with him on the cover of a magazine, “So that people could at least know that I’m not married to a wart or something."</p> <p><em>Image credits: Instagram/Jason Moore/ZUMA Press Wire/Shutterstock </em></p>

Caring

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Young couple sold almost everything to live on a cruise ship

<p>Two savvy US school teachers Monica Brzoska, 32, and Jorrell Conley, 36, have sold almost all of their possessions to live at sea.</p> <p>The couple fell in love with cruising after travelling to Mexico, Belize and Grand Cayman almost a decade ago.</p> <p>In 2023, after Monica's father fell ill, she was inspired to live the life she had always wanted. </p> <p>"Don’t wait for retirement to follow your dreams. Do it now," her mother had told her. </p> <p>That's when she and her husband made the life-changing decision. </p> <p>“Instead of coming back, why not keep booking consecutive cruises for as long as we could afford to?” Monica told <em>The Sun</em>. </p> <p>“It sounds mad, but the numbers made sense. Accommodation, food and entertainment would be included – we’d only need spending money.</p> <p>“And because we’d been on so many Carnival cruises, we’d earned access to some amazing offers.</p> <p>“If we chose the cheapest cabins, our savings from the pandemic would allow us to book eight months of cruising for $16,000 – some trips paid for in full, others with deposits.</p> <p>“We could then use the rent from our three-bedroom house in Memphis to make extra payments as needed. Many cruises start and end in the same ports, so we knew we’d be able to disembark and easily board our next ship, or otherwise fly to the port.”</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/DEQkivEJ0DS/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DEQkivEJ0DS/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by Monica Brzoska (@life_by_any_means)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The pair quit their jobs, sold most of their possessions and rented out their three-bedroom home in Memphis, and have been cruising for almost two years now. </p> <p>Since making the move, the couple have completed 36 consecutive cruises and visited almost 50 countries.</p> <p>“I instantly felt free,” she said. </p> <p>“People are amazed when they hear we live on ships, and I’m always happy to share the tricks we’ve learned to save money. We’ve won excursion tickets, jewellery and spa treatments in onboard raffles, while on land, we do our own tours, using local transport to explore," she said. </p> <p>However, she admitted that there are a few challenges, including missing family, but regardless "it really is a dream come true". </p> <p><em>Image: Instagram</em></p> <p> </p>

Retirement Life

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Man who saved the lives of over 2 million babies dies aged 88

<p>James Harrison OAM, the famous Australian blood donor who saved the lives of 2.4 million babies by donating his rare plasma, has died aged 88. </p> <p>Australian Red Cross Lifeblood has confirmed that Harrison died "peacefully" on February 17 at Peninsula Village Nursing Home on the NSW Central Coast. </p> <p>Harrison, also known as the Man with the Golden Arm, began donating in the 1950s became the world's most prolific blood and plasma donor thanks to his rare antibody, Anti-D, which helps mothers who are at risk of passing on deadly antibodies to their babies. </p> <p>Since he started donating at the age of 18, Harrison has donated 1173 times, continuing his kind act up until his retirement in 2018 aged 81. </p> <p>His family have since paid tribute to him, with his daughter Tracey Mellowship, remembering him as a generous soul. </p> <p>"James was a humanitarian at heart, but also very funny," she said. </p> <p>"In his last years, he was immensely proud to become a great grandfather to two beautiful grandchildren, Trey and Addison.</p> <p>"As an Anti-D recipient myself, he has left behind a family that may not have existed without his precious donations."</p> <p>Lifeblood Chief Executive Officer Stephen Cornelissen added that Harrison's impact has made a difference all around the world. </p> <p>"James was a remarkable, stoically kind, and generous person who was committed to a lifetime of giving and he captured the hearts of many people around the world," Cornelissen said.</p> <p>"It was James' belief that his donations were no more important than any other donors', and that everyone can be special in the same way that he was.</p> <p>"James extended his arm to help others and babies he would never know a remarkable 1173 times and expected nothing in return."</p> <p>"He leaves behind an incredible legacy, and it was his hope that one day, someone in Australia would beat his donation record," he added. </p> <p>"On behalf of Lifeblood, and the entire Australian community, we thank James for the incredible life- saving contribution he made and the millions of lives he saved."</p> <p>Harrison's rare blood and plasma may continue to save lives even after his death, with researches hoping they would be able to use his blood to develop lab-grown Anti-D. </p> <p><em>Image: Nine News</em></p>

Caring

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Hollywood star dies aged 39

<p>Michelle Trachtenberg has passed away aged 39. </p> <p>The former child star rose to fame in the 1996 film <em>Harriet the Spy</em>, before going on to have memorable roles on popular TV shows including <em>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</em> and <em>Gossip Girl</em>. </p> <p>Police responded to a  911 call on Wednesday just after 8am local time, where “officers observed a 39-year-old female unconscious and unresponsive,” inside a Manhattan apartment, according to a NYPD statement. </p> <p>Paramedics pronounced her dead at the scene, with no foul play suspected. </p> <p>Her official cause of death will come from the New York Medical Examiner. </p> <p>A NYPD source old <em>ABC News</em> that Trachtenberg may have been experiencing complications from a recent liver transplant, and is believed to have died of natural causes. </p> <p>"The family requests privacy for their loss. There are no further details at this time," a representative for Trachtenberg told <em>CNN </em>in a statement.</p> <p>Trachtenberg appeared in 66 episodes of <em>Buffy the Vampire Slayer</em> playing Dawn Summers, the younger sister of the title character played by Sarah Michelle Gellar. </p> <p>She also featured in 28 episodes of <em>Gossip Girl </em>as Georgina Sparks, between 2008 and 2012. </p> <p><em>Gossip Girl </em>creators Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage have paid tribute to the actress, writing:  “We are deeply saddened by the news of Michelle’s passing. Michelle was so funny, kind, and talented." </p> <p>“Her portrayal of Georgina Sparks was an iconic fan favorite, and grew from a one season villain to a beloved character who returned over the course of six seasons. She was a delight to have on set and will be deeply missed. Our thoughts are with her family.”</p> <p><em>Image: SBM/Plux/ Shutterstock Editorial</em></p> <p> </p>

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"It's time": ABC legend announces retirement

<p>ABC’s chief election analyst Antony Green has announced his plans to step down from the public broadcaster after 30 years in his distinguished role. </p> <p>Green announced that he would be retiring after the next federal election, which is rumoured to take place between March and May 2025. </p> <p>“By the time of the next election, I’ll be 68 and I know I’m not as sharp and quick as I was five years ago,” Green said, according to the <em>ABC</em>.</p> <p>“It gets harder and harder. It’s like a footballer, sometimes they play on a season too long, and I’m making sure I don’t do that.”</p> <p>Green, who has covered more than 90 Australian elections, said it was “time to retire” but he would “stay on” for a couple years “handing over work and doing other things”.</p> <p>“Essentially I’m deciding to retire and work less,” Green said.</p> <p>“I got this job as an election worker 36 years ago and I decided I enjoyed doing it – I’ve done a lot of development since. It’s been a long, fun journey.”</p> <p>Green’s final on-air appearances will be the West Australian state election on March 8th and the federal election, which is yet to be announced.</p> <p>Casey Briggs will step in  as ABC’s chief election and data analyst after Green's departure, as she announced he would be missed. </p> <p>“For more than three decades Antony Green has set the bar for election analysis. He is sharp, fast and, even under the immense pressure of the night, manages to keep his sense of humour,” Briggs said.</p> <p>“For me, it has been such a privilege to have had a front-row seat to watch and learn from the master at work."</p> <p>“We will all miss him from our screens, but I’m thankful that at least we get a couple more chances to celebrate his monumental contribution to Australia and its democracy.”</p> <p>ABC journalist Annabel Crabb said covering four federal elections with him had been “one of the great pleasures of (her) professional life”.</p> <p>“What a gift it is to our democracy and to our national broadcaster that in 1989 this wee maths nerd saw the ad in the paper for a research position at the ABC and the late Ian Carroll recognised in him the sprouts of the Tree Of Wisdom he’d become!” Crabb wrote in a social media post.</p> <p>“A legendary figure. A migrant success story. A generous colleague.”</p> <p><em>Image credits: ABC</em></p>

Retirement Life

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Legendary soul singer dies aged 88

<p>Roberta Flack, the legendary Grammy-winning singer and pianist, has passed away at the age of 88. Known for her intimate vocal style and timeless hits such as "Killing Me Softly With His Song" and "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face", Flack was one of the most influential recording artists of the 1970s and continued to impact music for decades.</p> <p>Flack died at home surrounded by her family, her publicist Elaine Schock confirmed in a statement on Monday (early Tuesday AEDT). She had been battling ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, since 2022, which had rendered her unable to sing.</p> <p>Flack’s rise to fame came unexpectedly in her early 30s when Clint Eastwood featured "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" in his 1971 film <em>Play Misty for Me</em>. The song, a hushed and emotional ballad, captivated audiences, topped the Billboard pop charts in 1972, and earned a Grammy for Record of the Year. She repeated this achievement the following year with "Killing Me Softly With His Song", making history as the first artist to win consecutive Record of the Year Grammys.</p> <p>Discovered in the late 1960s by jazz musician Les McCann, Flack’s voice was praised for its profound emotional depth. McCann famously remarked, "Her voice touched, tapped, trapped, and kicked every emotion I’ve ever known." Unlike some of her contemporaries, Flack often chose a reflective and measured approach in her performances, blending elements of jazz, soul\ and classical music. Her music resonated deeply with fans and also aligned with the social and civil rights movements of the era. She had close ties to figures like Reverend Jesse Jackson and activist Angela Davis, whom she visited in prison while Davis faced — and was later acquitted of — serious charges.</p> <p>Flack also sang at the funeral of baseball trailblazer Jackie Robinson and contributed to Marlo Thomas' feminist children’s project, "Free to Be... You and Me."</p> <p>Born in Black Mountain, North Carolina, and raised in Arlington, Virginia, Flack displayed extraordinary musical talent from a young age. A gifted pianist, she earned a full scholarship to Howard University at just 15 years old. Before her breakthrough, she taught music at junior high schools in Washington, DC, while performing in clubs at night, attracting notable admirers like Burt Bacharach and Johnny Mathis.</p> <p>Flack’s collaborations with close friend and fellow Howard University alumnus Donny Hathaway resulted in hits like "Where Is the Love" and "The Closer I Get to You". Their partnership was tragically cut short when Hathaway died in 1979 after suffering a breakdown. Reflecting on their bond, Flack told Vibe in 2022, "Our musical synergy was unlike anything I'd had before or since."</p> <p>Though her commercial peak was in the 1970s, Flack found later success with "Tonight, I Celebrate My Love", a duet with Peabo Bryson in the 1980s, and Set the Night to Music with Maxi Priest in the 1990s.</p> <p>In 1996, she gained renewed attention when the Fugees' Grammy-winning cover of "Killing Me Softly" introduced her music to a new generation, leading to a special performance alongside the hip-hop group. Throughout her career, Flack won five Grammys and was nominated for eight others.</p> <p>In 2020, she was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, with artists like John Legend and Ariana Grande celebrating her legacy. In a 2020 interview, she reflected on her passion for music: "Through music, we understand what we are thinking and feeling. No matter what challenge life presents, I am at home with my piano."</p> <p>Roberta Flack’s voice and artistry transcended generations, leaving an indelible mark on music and culture. While she may be gone, her legacy will live on through her timeless recordings and the artists she inspired.</p> <p><em>Images: Instagram</em></p>

Music

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Protein and healthy ageing: What you need to know if you're over 50

<p>Healthy ageing is the new middle-aged mantra, but where do you start? If you’re over 50, one of the quickest wins in the battle to feeling great and ageing well is to increase your protein intake.</p> <p>Protein is an essential pro-ageing nutrient; it’s not just for gym junkies. It is vital to combat the serious impacts of ageing.</p> <p>Protein helps to stop age-related muscle loss and keep bones strong, when combined with exercise. It supports immune function and plays an essential role in maintaining and repairing body tissues and wound healing.</p> <p>Nutrition scientist Louise Fisher specialises in healthy ageing. She helped <a href="https://www.boldhealth.com.au" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bold Health</a> develop its +50 pro-ageing protein powder and she has recently reviewed the past five years of published scientific research on protein and ageing to determine how much protein you really need to age well.</p> <p>The science on protein is moving fast. So, we asked Louise Fisher to share the latest insights on the eight most common questions about protein and healthy ageing. Here are her answers:</p> <p><strong>Does protein help with healthy ageing?</strong></p> <p>Protein is essential for healthy ageing. It helps keep your bones healthy and most importantly, it helps preserve muscle mass to stay strong.</p> <p>From as young as 30, you start to lose muscle mass and strength. This decline is barely noticeable at first, but it can accelerate to become a major problem as you get older impacting strength and mobility, increasing the likelihood of falls and even reducing your lifespan.</p> <p>The good news is you can slow down muscle loss, and even build muscle well into your 90s. Many studies have shown that a higher protein diet, combined with resistance training, is the best way to combat age-related muscle loss and preserve mobility.</p> <p>If you think of your muscles as a brick wall, the protein makes up the bricks and the resistance exercise is the work to build the wall. You need both to build that muscle.</p> <p>That’s not the only way protein helps you age well. Every cell in your body contains protein and your body is constantly using protein. Apart from building and maintaining muscles, protein helps repair tissues, forms the antibodies for your immunity system and the blood cells of our circulatory system, makes up many hormones, such as insulin, builds body structures of bones and collagen, and forms the enzymes we need to absorb nutrients from food and use energy.</p> <p><strong>Why do you need more protein once you turn 50?</strong></p> <p>The 50s are a good time to reassess your diet because simple changes now can have a big effect on your quality of life. Generally, as you age, you need fewer carbohydrates, because insulin resistance and higher blood glucose levels can become a common problem, while more protein becomes essential for muscle health, bone health and general wellbeing.Protein is made up of amino acids. As you get older, your body needs more amino acids to maintain, repair and build muscle. It also becomes less effective at using the amino acids. This is called anabolic resistance.</p> <p>As an example, one study revealed men in their 20s could build muscle with 20g of protein, while men in their 70s needed 40g of protein.</p> <p>Women, especially, need to prioritise protein for optimal bone health, because the drop in oestrogen with menopause increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. As you build and move your muscles, muscle contractions stimulate bone rebuilding. This helps maintain your bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Stronger muscles help build stronger bones. Higher protein intakes are associated with a lower risk of hip fractures in older adults. </p> <p><strong>How much protein do you need for healthy ageing?</strong></p> <p>The latest science, combined with newer methods of assessing protein needs, show most healthy adults over 50 should consume at least 1g-1.2g of protein for each kilo they weigh, to help maintain muscle mass and age well.</p> <p>The formula is the same, whether you’re male or female. So, as an example a 70kg woman should aim for at least 70-84g of protein a day, and at least 90-108g of protein a day for a 90kg man. If you are doing strength training, as recommended, or other strenuous physical activity, you’ll need even more protein. I recommend at least an extra 20-30g of protein to help with muscle recovery on training days. </p> <p>The other group that needs higher protein intakes are people who might have a poor diet or those recovering from surgery or illness.</p> <p><strong>What are the signs that you’re not getting enough protein?</strong></p> <p>The early warning signs that you are not getting enough protein can be hard to spot. It could be that you are picking up more colds and viruses than normal, or that scratches do not heal as quickly.</p> <p>Sometimes that muscle weakness can show up in little things, for example it’s harder to open jars because of a small drop in grip strength. If you’re not getting enough protein, your body prioritises protein use for functions that keep you alive, such as repairing tissues, maintaining immunity, making new blood cells, hormones and enzymes.</p> <p>Building and maintaining muscle becomes a lower priority. On average most Australians do eat enough protein, but for some groups that’s not the case. People over 50 are at real risk of not getting enough protein to thrive.</p> <p><strong>When is the best time to consume protein for healthy ageing?</strong></p> <p>It may be best to spread your protein intake across the day, getting at least 20-30 g at main meals. Some studies indicate you absorb protein better this way, rather than relying on one high protein meal. In practice, it makes reaching your protein targets much more achievable.</p> <p>In my experience, people often miss protein at breakfast, especially if they just have a coffee or tea and toast or a piece of fruit to start the day. For something quick and easy, I’d suggest Greek yoghurt topped with nuts and fruit or high protein cereal with high protein milk.</p> <p>If you find it hard to eat first thing in the morning, or need something on the go, a protein shake is a great option.If you have been exercising, aim to get that extra 20-30g of protein soon afterwards. Again, a protein shake is often the easiest way to do this.</p> <p><strong>What are the best sources of protein for people over 50?</strong></p> <p>To age well, you need to choose the right sources of protein. It’s not just a matter of eating more sausages, bacon or a bigger steak. To help manage risk factors for heart disease such as cholesterol, it is important to have most of your protein from foods that are low in saturated fats.</p> <p>This means focusing on plant protein and lean animal sources, including lean meat, chicken, fish, legumes (dried and tinned beans, lentils), plant protein powders, tofu, nuts and seeds, reduced fat dairy, and eggs.</p> <p><strong>What’s the best protein powder for people over 50?</strong></p> <p>Look for a protein powder that is low in sugar and has added vitamins and minerals, because, as you get older, you need to make every mouthful count. It’s also a better bang for your buck.</p> <p>On my checklist are vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, folate and magnesium. These essential nutrients also support healthy ageing by helping to maintain muscle, bone, and heart health, as well as fight fatigue.</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em>Tip:</em></span> To avoid that bloated feeling you can sometimes get after drinking a protein shake, choose a protein powder that is lactose-free. Some people find blends with prebiotic fibres and digestive enzymes also help.</p> <p><strong>Why is eating more protein important if you’re dieting?</strong></p> <p>When you lose weight, you also generally lose some muscle mass as well. And the greater the rate of weight loss, the greater the loss of lean muscle.</p> <p>Maintaining protein intakes and resistance training, while trying to lose weight, is important to keep your strength, but not all weight loss methods make it easy to get enough protein.</p> <p>Intermittent fasting often involves people regularly skipping a meal. If poorly planned, this can lead to a shortfall in protein intake. With the increase in use of GLP-1 agonist drugs, such as Ozempic or Wegovy, for weight loss, we’re also starting to see nutritionists suggest that people prioritise protein intake to reduce the risk of sarcopenia, severe muscle and strength loss.</p> <p>Using a protein shake that is low in sugar and contains additional vitamins and minerals is a convenient way to get the nutrients you need and minimise muscle loss.</p> <p><em><strong>Louise Fisher is a highly qualified nutrition scientist with more than 10 years of experience as a clinical dietitian. Her key areas of expertise are healthy aging, diet, and exercise.</strong></em></p> <p><em><strong>Image credits: Supplied</strong></em></p>

Body

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Use it or lose it as historic super cap prepares to expire

<p><em><strong>Jordan Kennedy is a Partner at accounting and advisory firm Pitcher Partners Sydney. </strong></em></p> <p>Australians could be sitting on a golden opportunity to spur their super savings this year — but if they don’t act fast, they will miss out. </p> <p>That’s because in July they will lose the entitlement to claim any unused superannuation tax concessions from 2019-20, known as the concessional cap. </p> <p>The concessional cap is the total annual amount that can be contributed into super by a person’s employer, through salary sacrifice or claimed as a tax deduction, before the person is charged at the ordinary taxable rate. </p> <p>In other words, for most Australians there is a gap between what they or their employer contribute each year and the total amount they could contribute, taking advantage of tax concessions. </p> <p>In 2019-20, that capped amount was $25,000, and unless people were making or receiving contributions above the superannuation guarantee, they would have needed to earn about $260,000 to hit the cap. </p> <p>If they didn’t, there may still be ‘available’ cap that has built up over the last five years and can be used to access the 15% tax rate on earnings — until July 1, when the cap expires. </p> <p>While this sounds technical, reviewing past superannuation contributions and checking to see that caps have been maxed out is one of the easiest ways to achieve a tax deduction. </p> <p>Of course, there are a few aspects to this strategy that bear consideration. </p> <p>The concession cap system is a use it or lose it play. Any gap between contributions and cap will expire after five years, so this is the last chance to retrospectively boost your superannuation using the 2019-20 cap.</p> <p>That said, as this is the first year we have seen the cap expire, it might have slipped the minds of many. </p> <p>Even if you have maxed out the cap for that year, you should take the opportunity to look at more recent years as well to see if you have been carrying forward an available pool of tax concessions. </p> <p>The second thing to note is that the vast majority of Australians will have a tax cap opportunity available. </p> <p>For anyone on an average salary, the cap gap can grow by $10,000 or more each year, unless additional contributions are made through salary sacrifice or as a tax deduction.</p> <p>The concession is also available for those who might have stopped work to have children or who are reducing their workload approaching retirement. </p> <p>Check with your accountant or your super fund — you might have tens of thousands of dollars in tax concessions available for use. </p> <p>Thirdly, consider your timing. </p> <p>If you know you will have tax capacity in coming years, try to time your use for those years where you have a significant tax event, such as realising capital gains. </p> <p>This can reduce your tax liability without disrupting your other plans. </p> <p>In this case, seeking strategic advice is extremely important to determine the optimal outcome for your circumstances. </p> <p>And finally, recognise there are exceptions.</p> <p>People whose superannuation balance is already over $500,000 are excluded from taking advantage of the cap rollover, but could still benefit from advice on how they should balance their tax liabilities while maximising their superannuation. </p> <p>Whatever your circumstance, speaking to a qualified, independent advisor is the first step to ensure you are working within the complex rules that govern super and taking best advantage of the tax concessions available.</p> <p>But if there is an opportunity to reduce your tax liability for limited effort, you would be mad not to explore your options. </p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock</em></p>

Retirement Income

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Being carers costs women more than $500,000 over a lifetime, leaving them with less in retirement than men

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/myra-hamilton-8638">Myra Hamilton</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841"><em>University of Sydney</em></a></em></p> <p>By the time they retire, women typically have about <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-97-5461-8">one third</a> less superannuation than men.</p> <p>This can amount to more than <a href="https://www.carersaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Final-Economic-impact-income-and-retirement-Evaluate-Report-March-2022_2024EDIT.pdf">$500,000</a> when wages and super are combined over their lifetime.</p> <p>The gendered super gap has narrowed over the last few decades, as women have joined the workforce <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/changing-female-employment-over-time#:%7E:text=Women's%20participation%20in%20paid%20work,women%20are%20also%20working%20longer.">in increasing numbers</a> and the superannuation system has matured.</p> <p>But progress is too slow. If we keep tracking as we are, we can’t expect parity until <a href="https://www.womeninsuper.com.au/application/files/3816/8782/3898/7._Not_up_for_discussion.pdf">2070</a>. So why is the gap so persistent?</p> <h2>Making super compulsory</h2> <p>For most of the 20th century, Australia’s retirement incomes system produced more equal outcomes because the age pension is not linked to a person’s lifetime earnings.</p> <p>But the introduction of <a href="https://www.australianretirementtrust.com.au/learn/education-hub/superannuation-history-australia">compulsory super</a> in 1992 linked lifetime earnings and retirement income.</p> <p>The gender super gap arises because women and men have different patterns of paid work and earning over their lifetimes. Women have <a href="https://www.wgea.gov.au/the-gender-pay-gap#:%7E:text=conscious%20and%20unconscious%20discrimination%20and,responsibilities%2C%20especially%20in%20senior%20roles">14% lower</a> average weekly earnings than men. This is due to <a href="https://www.wgea.gov.au/the-gender-pay-gap#:%7E:text=conscious%20and%20unconscious%20discrimination%20and,responsibilities%2C%20especially%20in%20senior%20roles">three factors</a>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>women are much more likely to have unpaid care responsibilities. As a result, they take career breaks, work fewer hours, or work in jobs incommensurate with their skills</p> </li> <li> <p>discrimination, bias and lack of workplace flexibility mean better pay and career outcomes for men and fewer opportunities for people to combine work and career with care responsibilities</p> </li> <li> <p>occupational segregation means women are concentrated in female-dominated industries, which tend to attract lower wages than male-dominated ones.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Over a lifetime, these factors limit women’s capacity to earn and to accumulate super.</p> <p>On average, a woman in full-time permanent employment accumulates <a href="https://www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Women%27s%20economic%20security%20in%20retirement.pdf">17.7% less</a> superannuation per year than a man in an equivalent role. That amounts to A$1,540 less per year. This annual shortfall compounds over time resulting in a wide gender super gap by the time women retire.</p> <h2>How does this work in practice?</h2> <p>The interruptions to work caused by providing unpaid care reduces people’s opportunities for accumulating superannuation. For example, having a child leads to substantial reductions in mothers’ workforce participation and earnings. Women’s earnings <a href="https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-03/p2023-372004.pdf">fall</a> by an average of 55% in the first five years after entry into parenthood.</p> <p>In contrast, research suggests men’s earnings are <a href="https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-03/p2023-372004.pdf">unchanged</a>, or even <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5340267/#:%7E:text=Over%20time%2C%20unmarried%20but%20coresident,support%20for%20egalitarian%20gender%20roles.">increase</a>, after they become parents. So parenthood has a much greater impact on a mothers’ super than a fathers’. One <a href="https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/assets/documents/hilda-bibliography/hilda-conference-papers/2007/Parr,-Nicholas_final-paper.pdf">estimate</a> suggests having a child reduces a woman’s superannuation balance at age 60 by about $50,000 and a man’s by $5,000.</p> <p>It’s not just parenthood. <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/informal-carers">One in 10</a> Australians provide care for an ageing relative or person with a disability or chronic illness. Women do most of this unpaid care. Unpaid carers <a href="https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/ijcc/6/3/article-p318.xml">often</a> reduce their working hours, withdraw from work, or put their careers on hold. Among primary carers <a href="https://www.wgea.gov.au/gender-equality-and-caring#:%7E:text=Primary%20carers%20are%20carers%20who,carers">only 58%</a> are in paid work.</p> <p>According to a <a href="https://www.carersaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Final-Economic-impact-income-and-retirement-Evaluate-Report-March-2022_2024EDIT.pdf">recent study</a>, on average, by age 67, primary carers have lost $392,500 in lifetime earnings and $175,000 in super.</p> <p>Some older workers, especially women, also care for their grandchildren. More than a <a href="https://aifs.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-07/Grandparents%20and%20child%20care%20in%20Australia_0.pdf">quarter</a> of grandparents of a child aged 13 or under provide care for the child in a typical week, usually while the parents work.</p> <p>In a <a href="https://nationalseniors.com.au/uploads/09151356PAC_GrandparentsChildcareLabourForceParticipation_Report_FINAL_Web_0.pdf">recent</a> study, 70% of grandparents, mostly grandmothers, providing regular childcare reported they adjusted their work to accommodate it. One in three reported it had negative impacts on their financial security as they aged.</p> <p>These factors compound over a lifetime. Many Australians provide care for multiple family members simultaneously, or at different times throughout their lives.</p> <p>Women in employment are more likely to be in lower paid positions, and lower paid industries and occupations. Employees in feminised industries such as community services (including paid care workers) and retail have among the <a href="https://www.superannuation.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2311_An_update_on_superannuation_account_balances_Paper_V2.pdf">lowest</a> median super balances, less than half of those of managers and professionals.</p> <h2>What is the solution?</h2> <p>The gender super gap reflects deep inequalities in the distribution of work, incomes and care responsibilities between women and men across their lives. How do we fix it?</p> <p>Policy and public debate has focused on boosting women’s workforce participation. More women in work, means higher incomes and more saving, reducing the gender super gap, right?</p> <p>Yes, up to a point and rates of <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/changing-female-employment-over-time">women’s workforce participation</a> are increasing.</p> <p>But we also know in Australia, we have a <a href="https://nationalseniors.com.au/uploads/09151356PAC_GrandparentsChildcareLabourForceParticipation_Report_FINAL_Web_0.pdf">preference</a> for some family care of young children, and for care of adults with disability and older people in the <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-welfare/australias-welfare-2017-in-brief/contents/ageing-aged-care">community</a>. This means many parents and carers will continue to have at least some interruptions to paid work, reducing their super contributions.</p> <p>We also know when women are encouraged to enter paid work, care responsibilities are often “redistributed” to other women. When mothers enter or re-enter paid work it’s often <a href="https://theconversation.com/caught-in-an-intergenerational-squeeze-grandparents-juggle-work-and-childcare-47939">grandmothers</a> who step in, frequently reducing their incomes and super. For care of ageing <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ageing-and-society/article/abs/an-integrative-analysis-of-sibling-influences-on-adult-childrens-caregiving-for-parents/038C6F299E62380F9C954A9A586A28CD">parents</a> it is often non-working female siblings that step in.</p> <p>As the savings potential of one group of women increases, the savings potential of another decreases.</p> <p>Where care can’t be redistributed to other women within the family, it is redistributed to paid early childhood education and care, disability support, and aged care services. All of these services are dominated by women. As a highly feminised industry, the caring roles are <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-08-14/why-are-nurses-and-childcare-workers-so-poorly-paid/104218868">poorly remunerated</a>, so those doing the care, while paid, are themselves limited to save enough super.</p> <p>Boosting women’s workforce participation is an important step. But another is to pay super contributions to parents during the time they are off work providing childcare, as <a href="https://ministers.pmc.gov.au/gallagher/2024/super-boost-new-parents#:%7E:text=It%20means%20that%20eligible%20parents,to%20their%20nominated%20superannuation%20fund.">recently</a> agreed by the federal government.</p> <p>But we need an <a href="https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2015/04/carers-deserve-more-credit-in-the-retirement-incomes-debate">equivalent</a> for other kinds of unpaid carers.</p> <p>Even so, as long as care continues to circulate between different groups of women – older women, low paid women – and as long as care isn’t valued for the large social and economic contribution it makes, the gender super gap will persist.</p> <p>To close the persistent gender gap, we need to go further, encouraging greater men’s involvement in care, and providing better recognition and remuneration of unpaid and paid care.</p> <hr /> <p><em>This article is part of The Conversation’s retirement series, in which experts examine issues including how much money we need to retire, retiring with debt, the psychological impact of retiring and the benefits of getting financial advice. Read the rest of the series <a href="https://theconversation.com/au/topics/retirement-series-2024-168372">here</a>.</em><!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/240323/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/myra-hamilton-8638"><em>Myra Hamilton</em></a><em>, Associate Professor, gender, ageing and care, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/being-carers-costs-women-more-than-500-000-over-a-lifetime-leaving-them-with-less-in-retirement-than-men-240323">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

Money & Banking

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"Profound sadness": Bali bombing hero dies at age 67

<p>Bali bombings survivor and hero Erik de Haart has died at the age of 67. </p> <p>The Sydney man was in Bali in 2002 with his Coogee Dolphins rugby league team when terrorists detonated bombs in two busy bars, killing 202 people, including 88 Australians.</p> <p>Mr De Haart was dubbed a hero after he was credited with pulling people out of the wreckage.</p> <p>He died aged 67 died of a suspected heart attack on Sunday.</p> <p>De Haart was a lifelong member of the Coogee Dolphins, with club president Wayne Hack issuing a statement after his tragic passing. </p> <p>“It is with profound sadness that we advise of the sudden passing of Coogee Dolphins life member Erik de Haart,” he said. “Erik was a loyal servant, life member and sponsor of our club."</p> <p>“He will forever be remembered in the immediate aftermath of the Bali tragedy of 2002 as a hero. Erik continued his ongoing support of the Coogee Dolphins for many years and in 2005 was honoured with a life membership."</p> <p>“The Coogee Dolphins would like to extend our deepest and heartfelt sympathies to Erik’s immediate and extended family and his many friends.”</p> <p>During the devastating 2002 attack in Bali, de Haart lost six of his friends but still helped save others by pulling them from the burning rubble. </p> <p>"I heard these girls crying for help, screaming. They were behind a section of the roof that had fallen in," de Haart told AAP in 2016.</p> <p>"The flames from the burning thatch were probably knee to mid-thigh high. I had to make a decision. Do I try and get them out and perhaps die in the attempt?"</p> <p>"I had to walk away and leave those girls to die and it's something that's haunted me for a long, long time ... It's made me feel like an impostor."</p> <p>"People say 'you're a hero'. And I remember those girls and I don't think I'm a hero."</p> <p><em>Image credits: SBS / Insight </em></p>

Caring

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What’s the difference between ageing and frailty? One is inevitable – the other is not

<div class="theconversation-article-body"><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/julee-mcdonagh-1525476">Julee McDonagh</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/caleb-ferguson-72">Caleb Ferguson</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a></em></p> <p>Ageing is a normal part of the life course. It doesn’t matter how many green smoothies you drink, or how many “anti-ageing” skin care products you use, you can’t stop the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685272/">ageing process</a>.</p> <p>But while we’re all getting older, not everyone who ages will necessarily become frail. Ageing and frailty are closely related, but they’re not the same thing.</p> <p>Let’s break down the difference between the two.</p> <h2>What is ageing?</h2> <p>On a biological level, ageing is the result of the build-up of <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health">cellular and molecular damage</a> in the body over time.</p> <p>The ageing process causes a gradual decline in physical and mental function, a higher risk of disease, and eventual (and unavoidable) death.</p> <p>Still, some people think they can cheat the system, <a href="https://fortune.com/well/article/bryan-johnson-live-longer-unrecognizable-anti-aging-procedure/">spending millions</a> trying to stay young forever. While we may be able to reduce the <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-these-three-popular-anti-ageing-skincare-ingredients-work-heres-what-the-evidence-says-182200">appearance of ageing</a>, ultimately there’s <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44324-024-00040-3">no magic pill</a> to <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2685272/">increase our longevity</a>.</p> <p>Around one in six Australians are over the age of 65 (<a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australians/contents/demographic-profile">16% of the total population</a>). Yet <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03601277.2024.2402056">as individuals</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/fear-of-ageing-is-really-a-fear-of-the-unknown-and-modern-society-is-making-things-worse-220925">a society</a> many of us still have a <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/health-and-wellness/we-ve-been-constructed-to-think-a-certain-way-the-psychology-of-ageing-20231213-p5er6a.html">fear of ageing</a>.</p> <p>But what is it about ageing we are so afraid of? When it comes down to it, many people are probably less afraid of ageing, and more afraid of becoming frail.</p> <h2>What is frailty?</h2> <p><a href="https://www.afn.org.au/what-is-frailty/">Frailty</a> is defined as a state of vulnerability characterised by a loss of reserve across multiple parts of the body.</p> <p>Frailty is generally characterised by <a href="https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/frailty-declared-a-medical-condition">several physical symptoms</a>, such as weakness, slow walking speed, exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, and low activity level.</p> <p>Lower bone density and osteoporosis (a condition where the bones become weak and brittle) are also <a href="https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-024-04875-w">associated with frailty</a>, increasing the risk of <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770723020250">falls and fractures</a>.</p> <p>Notably, someone who is frail is less able to “bounce back” (or recover) after a stressor event compared to someone who is not frail. A stressor event could be, for example, having a fall, getting a urinary infection, or even being admitted to hospital.</p> <p>Frailty is more common in older people. But in some cases, frailty can affect younger people too. For example, people with advanced chronic diseases, such as <a href="https://academic.oup.com/eurjcn/article/22/4/345/6775229">heart failure</a>, can <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja15.00801">develop frailty</a> much younger.</p> <p>Frailty is dynamic. While it can get worse over time, in some cases <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037851221830478X">frailty can also be reversed</a> or even prevented through health and lifestyle changes.</p> <p>For example, we know physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle can <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)31786-6/abstract">significantly increase a person’s risk</a> of becoming frail. On the flip side, evidence shows doing more exercise can <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36746389/">reduce frailty in older adults</a>.</p> <p>There are other lifestyle modifications we can make too. And the earlier we make these changes, the better.</p> <h2>Preventing frailty</h2> <p>Here are some <a href="https://youtu.be/41cMkvsaOOM">key things</a> you can do to <a href="https://www.self.com/story/how-to-avoid-frailty-old-age">help prevent frailty</a>:</p> <p><strong>1. Get moving</strong></p> <p>Exercise more, including resistance training (such as squats and lunges, or grab some stretchy resistance bands). Many of these sorts of exercises can be done at home. YouTube has some <a href="https://youtu.be/XDQo4wslr7I?si=FAoyHLDZgSG5AN1r">great resources</a>.</p> <p>You might also consider joining a gym, or asking your GP about seeing an accredited exercise physiologist or physiotherapist. Medicare <a href="https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&amp;q=10953&amp;qt=item">subsidies may be available</a> for these specialists.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/topics/physical-activity-and-exercise/physical-activity-and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians/for-older-australians-65-years-and-over">physical activity guidelines</a> for older Australians recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most days or preferably every day.</p> <p>The guidelines also highlight the importance of incorporating different types of activities (such as resistance, balance or flexibility exercises) and reducing the time you spend sitting down.</p> <p><strong>2. Stay socially active</strong></p> <p>Social isolation and loneliness can <a href="https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article-abstract/64/10/gnae114/7734069">contribute to the progression of frailty</a>. Reach out to friends and family for support or contact local community groups that you may be able to join. This might include your local Zumba class or bridge club.</p> <p><strong>3. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to regularly check your medications</strong></p> <p>“Polypharmacy” (when someone is prescribed <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/healthcare-variation/fourth-atlas-2021/medicines-use-older-people/61-polypharmacy-75-years-and-over">five or more medications</a>) is associated with an increased <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6005607/">risk of frailty</a>. The presence of frailty can also interfere with how the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047637419300387">body absorbs medicines</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/home-medicines-review">Home medicine reviews</a> are available for older adults with a <a href="https://www9.health.gov.au/mbs/fullDisplay.cfm?type=item&amp;q=900">chronic medical condition or a complex medication regimen</a>. These reviews aims to help people get the most benefit from their medicines and reduce their risk of <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-04/fourth_atlas_2021_-_6.2_medications_management_reviews_75_years_and_over_0.pdf">experiencing adverse effects</a>.</p> <p>Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your current medications.</p> <p><strong>4. Eat a protein-rich diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables</strong></p> <p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/61/6/589/589472?login=true#9578331">Low nutrient intake</a> can negatively impact physical function and may increase your risk of becoming frail. There’s some evidence to suggest eating more protein may <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article/49/1/32/5618813">delay the onset of frailty</a>.</p> <p>A food-first approach is best when looking to increase the <a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7598653/#:%7E:text=Many%20studies%20have%20described%20an,are%20necessary%20to%20prevent%20frailty.">protein in your diet</a>. Protein is found in <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/protein#protein-foods">foods such as</a> lean meats, poultry, seafood, eggs, dairy products, legumes and nuts.</p> <p>Adults over 50 should aim to eat <a href="https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/nutrient-reference-values/nutrients/protein">64 grams of protein</a> per day for men and 46g per day for women. Adults over 70 should aim for 81g per day for men and 57g per day for women.</p> <p>Ask your GP for a referral to a dietitian who can provide advice on a dietary regime that is best for you.</p> <p>Supplements may be recommended if you are struggling to meet your protein needs from diet alone.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/247450/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/julee-mcdonagh-1525476"><em>Julee McDonagh</em></a><em>, Senior Research Fellow of Frailty Research, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/caleb-ferguson-72">Caleb Ferguson</a>, Professor of Nursing and Director of Health Innovations, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-wollongong-711">University of Wollongong</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock </em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/whats-the-difference-between-ageing-and-frailty-one-is-inevitable-the-other-is-not-247450">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

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Should you use your retirement savings to pay off debt? Three things to keep in mind

<div class="theconversation-article-body"><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bomikazi-zeka-680577">Bomikazi Zeka</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-canberra-865">University of Canberra</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jasmine-kinsman-1438670">Jasmine Kinsman</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-university-1946">Nelson Mandela University</a></em></p> <p>A host of countries have taken steps to reform the terms under which people can access their retirement benefits. South Africa is the most recent. In 2024 it <a href="https://theconversation.com/south-africa-has-changed-its-retirement-rules-to-help-boost-country-savings-how-it-will-work-233287">introduced changes</a> that allow access to some retirement savings while ensuring that most of the money is still preserved for later.</p> <p>Other countries that have changed the rules to allow members to dip into their savings before retirement include Australia, Chile, India and Portugal. Changes were introduced to ease the financial strain caused by COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. People across the world are grappling with debt and the cost of living.</p> <p><a href="https://www.treasury.gov.za/comm_media/press/2024/2024%20Two-pot%20System%20Updated%20%20FAQ%20August%202024.pdf">Policymakers</a> have considered this an avenue that offers financially distressed fund members the flexibility to access their retirement funds while still supporting long-term retirement savings. Retirement funds are also often the only sizeable savings that fund members have.</p> <p>A recent report by South Africa’s <a href="https://www.discovery.co.za/portal/business/top-reasons-for-two-pot-withdrawal-requests">Discovery Corporate and Employee Benefits</a>, which represents 3,000 employers that provide pension and provident funds for just over one million employees, found that people aged between 35 and 45 made the most claims to access the savings component of their retirement.</p> <p>When asked what they used the funds for, 24% of members said their withdrawals were for financing home or car expenses. Another 21% of members were using their funds to pay off short-term debt. The majority of members who withdrew their retirement savings were low-income earners (earning up to R125,000 or US$7,000 a year). On the other hand, withdrawals were lowest among high-income earners (earning more than R1 million or US$56,000 a year).</p> <p>This data provides evidence that most low- to middle-income South African consumers are grappling with the trade-off between preserving their capital for retirement and meeting their monthly financial obligations.</p> <p>Given that everyone’s financial situation, goals and needs are different, it’s always best to speak to a financial advisor to assess whether using your retirement savings to pay off debt will be a sound move. But, as academics who have focused on financial planning, we offer three pointers to consider:</p> <ul> <li> <p>understand what you owe, to whom, and what it’s costing you</p> </li> <li> <p>plan beyond paying off debt</p> </li> <li> <p>weigh the pros and cons carefully.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>Know which debt to settle first</h2> <p>Debt with a high interest rate often takes longer to repay, because at the start of the loan repayment period, most of the repayments are going towards interest payments – not reducing the capital amount. If you use your retirement proceeds towards this, it could shorten the period that it would take to settle the loan and reduce the interest repayments, which are compounded according to the outstanding loan balance.</p> <p>Short-term loans, such as those with a repayment term of up to 18 months, tend to have higher interest rates. Unsecured debt, which is debt that is not tied to an asset, also attracts high interest rates because they have little to no collateral requirements. Collateral provides the lender with a guarantee of compensation in the event of default. When there is no collateral, the cost of debt becomes more expensive. Using your retirement proceeds towards settling these short-term loans can free up cash that can be used towards settling other debt and will improve your credit score.</p> <h2>Understanding borrowing behaviour</h2> <p>Using your retirement savings to settle debt should be a priority if you have a plan in place to ensure that your overall financial position will improve. Once the debt is cleared, consider how you can use your free cash in your favour. This could mean boosting your savings or acquiring assets and investments.</p> <p>But if retirement savings are being used to pay off debt while you accumulate more debt, this indicates on ongoing cycle of debt. For example, paying off the minimum amount due on a loan but also consuming the balance that becomes available on the same loan is a sign of poor borrowing behaviour. A more extreme example is taking on more debt to service existing debt.</p> <p>Without a change in borrowing behaviour, using your retirement savings to pay off debt will leave you worse off. You will have missed out on the opportunity to grow your retirement savings and you will have got into more debt.</p> <h2>Debt repayments vs retirement returns</h2> <p>When considering withdrawing from your retirement savings to pay down debt, it’s also important remember this will be at the expense of building your retirement nest egg. For instance, if a 35-year-old were to draw down R30,000 from their retirement fund, that same amount could have grown their retirement capital by over R200,000 by the time they reached 55 years old (assuming an investment return of 10%).</p> <p>Withdrawing your retirement savings on a frequent basis could also mean you may need to work longer and past your intended retirement age to compensate for the withdrawals. Or you may need to find ways to supplement your retirement savings through other investments, or consider reducing your standard of living at retirement.</p> <h2>Is this a sound move?</h2> <p>Remember, withdrawal from retirement savings is subject to tax.</p> <p>While retirement may seem far off when there are more pressing financial needs, using your savings to pay down debt has its advantages and drawbacks. Since withdrawals are being used to pay for expenses and service debt, it’s also important to reflect on borrowing behaviours that may need to be corrected. Otherwise, using retirement savings could become a financial crutch that could make your retirement income less secure.</p> <p>Settling debt using your retirement savings should be done after careful consideration and planning. If in doubt, speak to a financial advisor.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/244837/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/bomikazi-zeka-680577"><em>Bomikazi Zeka</em></a><em>, Associate Professor in Finance and Financial Planning, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-canberra-865">University of Canberra</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jasmine-kinsman-1438670">Jasmine Kinsman</a>, Senior Lecturer in Financial Planning and Certified Financial Planner, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-university-1946">Nelson Mandela University</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Shutterstock</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/should-you-use-your-retirement-savings-to-pay-off-debt-three-things-to-keep-in-mind-244837">original article</a>.</em></p> </div>

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