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The good, the bad and the awful – how businesses reacts to online reviews

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mina-tajvidi-1192090">Mina Tajvidi</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/queen-mary-university-of-london-1745">Queen Mary University of London</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nick-hajli-1426223">Nick Hajli</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/loughborough-university-1336">Loughborough University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tahir-m-nisar-1050021">Tahir M. Nisar</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southampton-1093">University of Southampton</a> Every day travellers across the globe are flocking to popular destinations, eager to relax and create memories. Alongside packing and planning, many turn to online reviews to choose the perfect hotel, restaurant, or activity. These reviews, often shared enthusiastically or with a hint of frustration, play a key role in shaping our experiences. But what happens to these reviews once they are posted? Do businesses truly read them, and if so, do they make changes based on customer feedback? The short answer is yes, businesses do read reviews and often act on them. In fact, for many, it’s a crucial part of their <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004016252100384X">customer engagement strategy</a>. Reviews offer a treasure trove of insights, from customer satisfaction and service quality to product usability and pricing perceptions. But beyond the numbers and star ratings, reviews provide a story of the customer experience that can highlight strengths and reveal weaknesses. Businesses, particularly in competitive industries like hospitality, often have dedicated teams or <a href="https://broadly.com/blog/reputation-management-tools/">software tools</a> to monitor reviews across platforms like Tripadvisor, Google, and Yelp. These tools can aggregate reviews, analyse sentiments, and even benchmark against competitors. For example, a hotel chain may use these insights to identify common themes in guest feedback, such as complaints about check-in delays or praises for room cleanliness. By doing so, they can prioritise issues and respond effectively. However, reading reviews is just the beginning. The real value lies in how businesses respond to them, and whether they take actionable steps to address the feedback. In many cases, customer reviews have become catalysts for change. For instance, a recurring complaint about outdated decor might prompt a hotel to refurbish its rooms. Similarly, consistent praise for a friendly staff member can lead to rewards or recognition programmes, boosting employee morale and enhancing the overall guest experience. <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10614398">Some businesses</a> go a step further by engaging directly with reviewers. This engagement can take various forms, from public responses thanking customers for their feedback to private messages addressing specific concerns. <a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ITP-09-2018-0415/full/html">Such interactions</a> not only show that a business values its customers, but also humanises the brand, fostering trust and loyalty. A well-handled response to a negative review can even turn a dissatisfied customer into a loyal advocate. <h2>The role of negative reviews</h2> Negative reviews, while often dreaded by businesses, are an essential component of the feedback process. They provide honest, often blunt insights into what went wrong and where improvements are needed. For instance, during the holiday season, a restaurant might receive complaints about long wait times or underwhelming festive menus. Instead of viewing these reviews as setbacks, savvy businesses see them as opportunities to refine their offerings and enhance customer satisfaction. In some cases, businesses have <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10614398">used negative reviews</a> as a springboard for innovation. A restaurant receiving feedback about limited vegetarian options might introduce new menu items, attracting a broader clientele and boosting sales. Similarly, a hotel criticised for lack of amenities might invest in additional facilities, improving its appeal and competitiveness. As technology evolves, the landscape of customer reviews and business responses is also changing. The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning that uses algorithms has made it easier for businesses to analyse vast amounts of feedback and identify trends quickly. This capability allows for more proactive responses, with businesses anticipating issues before they become widespread problems. Moreover, the increasing use of video and photo reviews adds a new dimension to customer feedback. <a href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JPBM-01-2019-2194/full/html?casa_token=adZDhhc3f0IAAAAA:7jPn1_y31gfB4BjJjLdl8QnnFixO3XCEOKbtemd0N2vhh_UCEHa1vjisRj3X3K1iw7UIRL1yylJGN6CCqPbW1Bs4CoSto1x0M1ntb_RtD7z-ZXHzj7Q">Visual reviews</a> can provide a more vivid portrayal of experiences, from showcasing a beautifully plated dish to highlighting a less-than-sparkling pool. Businesses are adapting to this trend by incorporating user-generated content into their marketing strategies, showcasing real-life customer experiences to attract new clients. However, the rise of fake reviews is a growing concern. In 2023, the popular travel website Tripadvisor <a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/TransparencyReport2023#group-section-Fake-Reviews-HZjJZOxSZ4">saw an overwhelming influx</a> of user-generated content, with over 30 million reviews, however, amid this vast pool of feedback, 1.3 million reviews were flagged as fraudulent and subsequently removed. In the end, customer reviews are not just fleeting opinions left in the digital atmosphere. They are valuable conversations between businesses and their customers. For businesses, reviews offer an opportunity to understand their clients’ needs, address concerns, and celebrate successes. That is why businesses like <a href="https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/policy-news-views/how-ai-spots-fake-reviews-amazon">Amazon are using AI</a> to manage the reviews. By reading, responding, and, most importantly, acting on reviews, businesses can foster a loyal customer base and continually improve their offerings. So, the next time you leave a review, remember that someone is listening, and your words may just be the catalyst for positive change.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/236194/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mina-tajvidi-1192090">Mina Tajvidi</a>, Lecturer in Digital Marketing, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/queen-mary-university-of-london-1745">Queen Mary University of London</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nick-hajli-1426223">Nick Hajli</a>, AI Strategist and Professor of Digital Strategy, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/loughborough-university-1336">Loughborough University</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tahir-m-nisar-1050021">Tahir M. Nisar</a>, Professor of Strategy and Economic Organisation, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southampton-1093">University of Southampton</a> Image credits: Shutterstock This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-good-the-bad-and-the-awful-how-business-reacts-to-online-reviews-236194">original article</a>. </div>

Travel Trouble

REVIEW: Feel supported and comfortable through every stride with ASICS

Finding the right sports shoe can be a challenge, whether you’re an avid runner, Sunday afternoon walker, or just want the extra support when going from A to B. Then there’s the added difficulty of your foot shape, and finding what works best for you and your circumstances, and when there are so many sports shoes on the market, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. One of those many brands are ASICS, who are a much loved and trusted staple in the world of activewear for both your body and feet. In July, ASICS announced the launch of their new shoe the GEL-KAYANO 31: a classic shoe in the ASICS range with updated and advanced comfort and support to help you move easier. I was lucky enough to try out the GEL-KAYANO 31, and as one of the many people who have long struggled to find the right shoes for me, these shoes were one hell of a treat. While the GEL-KAYANO shoes are marketed as a “running shoe”, the only running I do is when I’m sprinting to the bus, so as a regular park walker, I put my new shoes to the test. From walking 20 minutes to the shops, to going for an hours-long stroll through the park these shoes did not let me down. The new technical engineered upper material (the bit of the shoe that hugs your ankle) sits a lot higher than other sports shoes, making this shoe so supportive, as you truly feel enclosed and in control. The PureGEL technology, which is designed to improve softness and shock absorption to reduce the impact on your joints and keep you moving comfortably, is second to none, after all my walks my feet felt comfortable, cool, and ready to walk even further. The GEL-KAYANO 31 also features FF BLAST PLUS ECO foam to deliver a softer landing through your movement and energised cushioning to keep you feeling comfortable on harder surfaces. And while I may not fall into the over sixty age as many of you reading this, my dodgy hip and knee would have me feeling very differently, and through my mild mobility issues, these shoes took the pressure off my joints and supported every step. ASICS have also updated the shoe’s outsole with a HYBRID ASICSGRIP rubber material, as the shoe helps provide better traction throughout your movement, to strengthen the shoe’s stability, helping you feel more comfortable for longer. And if that wasn’t enough, ASICS shoes are the only brand of sports footwear to be recommended by Sports Medicine Australia, who are instrumental in working with the brand to address specific biomechanical requirements. Junichiro Tateishi, General Manager of Product Function Research Department, at ASICS said, “We believe the GEL-KAYANO™ 31 shoe not only provides the stability the shoe is famous for, but also delivers a truly impressive level of comfort to help runners go further. We are also proud that GEL-KAYANO™ 31 shoe continues to display its CO2e emissions, printed on its insole as 10.6kg per pair, which shows ASICS’ ongoing commitment to transparency regarding the CO2e emissions, so that runners can feel confident about their choices when purchasing the GEL-KAYANO™ 31 shoe.” “The GEL-KAYANO is a legendary running shoe for a reason, and we’re excited to see how fans of the series enjoy this added comfort when they try the shoe. Our hope is that it helps everyone feel comfortable, confident and uplifted,” said Tateishi. The <a href="https://www.asics.com/au/en-au/gel-kayano-31/p/AOP_1012B670-300.html">GEL-KAYANO 31</a> shoe is available now for men and women from <a href="https://www.asics.com/au/en-au/">ASICS</a> retail, online stores and official ASICS stockists for $280 AUD. If you’re in the market for a long-lasting, supportive, stylish and comfortable pair of walking/running shoes, the ASICS GEL-KAYANO 31 will revolutionise the way you move, keeping you supported with every stride. Image credits: Supplied

Beauty & Style

We reviewed the health habits of centenarians. These 4 things could lead to a longer life

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/zhaoli-dai-keller-1547476">Zhaoli Dai-Keller</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/perminder-sachdev-46869">Perminder Sachdev</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a> The number of centenarians around the world rose from <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/">151,000 in 2000</a> to 573,000 in 2021. People are living longer, and we can expect to see more people reach 100 in the years to come. Centenarians <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/67A/4/395/623695">exemplify successful ageing</a>, often experiencing <a href="https://agmr.hapres.com/htmls/AGMR_1264_Detail.html">fewer chronic diseases</a> and maintaining independence in daily life well into their 90s. While <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12979-016-0066-z">genetics contribute</a> to longevity, modifiable factors account for more than 60% <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14624729/">of successful aging</a>. But what sort of factors specifically contribute to living to 100? To find out, we reviewed lifestyle and health habits of centenarians and near-centenarians (those aged 95–99) worldwide. Our <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-024-01247-4">recent review</a> included 34 observational studies published since 2000. Here are four key factors we found contribute to extreme longevity. <h2>1. A diverse diet with controlled salt intake</h2> Centenarians and near-centenarians typically had a balanced and diverse diet. We found, on average, they consumed between 57% and 65% of their energy intake from carbohydrates, 12% to 32% from protein, and 27% to 31% from fat. Their diets included staple foods (such as rice and wheat), fruits, vegetables, and protein-rich foods like poultry, fish and legumes, with moderate red meat consumption. This dietary pattern, similar to the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29852087/">Mediterranean diet</a>, is linked to lower risks of <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111364">physical function impairment</a> and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31685303/">death</a>. Most centenarians also preferred a low-salt diet. While only one study in our review measured the mean daily sodium intake, finding 1.6 grams, this was within the <a href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/3082#:%7E:text=A%20salt%20intake%20of%20less,much%20more%20salt%20than%20recommended">World Health Organization’s</a> recommendation of less than 2g of sodium per day (equivalent to about 5g of salt). The <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20234038/">traditional Okinawan diet</a>, known for its consumption by Japanese centenarians on Okinawa Island, contains an estimated 1.1g of sodium. We found higher salt intake (those who preferred salty food or added extra salt to meals) had a 3.6-fold increased risk of physical function impairment compared to those without a preference for salt. Practically, these findings suggest we should include plenty of wholegrains, root vegetables, beans, legumes, fruits and vegetables in our diet, minimise red meat consumption and opt for lean poultry, fish, and plant-based protein, and monitor salt in our food. <h2>2. Lower medication use</h2> Centenarians are not free from chronic conditions but typically develop them much later than average adults. More than half of the people in our review experienced common issues such as hypertension (high blood pressure), dementia, or cognitive impairment. We found people in our review took an average of 4.6 medications. The most frequently used medications included blood pressure medications and drugs for heart disease. This is similar to the results of <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051563">a large health register-based study</a> in Spain, which found centenarians took an average of 4.9 medications. Non-centenarians in this study took 6.7 medications on average. The fact centenarians appear to take fewer medications may indicate better health with fewer medical conditions. However, data on medication use is often self-reported and so may not be entirely accurate, especially among those with cognitive impairment. <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(24)00007-2/fulltext">Polypharmacy</a> is often defined as taking five or more medications simultaneously, and is common in older adults. Inappropriate polypharmacy is associated with <a href="https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/dangers-polypharmacy-and-case-deprescribing-older-adults">increased risks</a> of adverse events such as falls, cognitive impairment and hospitalisation, due to harmful drug interactions. While the type or number of prescribed medications may not be within a patient’s control, it’s important for doctors to <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-017-0642-0">prescribe medications</a> only when necessary, fully inform patients about benefits and risks, and regularly review treatment plans. <h2>3. Getting good sleep</h2> Sleep quality and quantity <a href="https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/04/benefits-slumber">affect</a> the immune system, stress hormones, and cardiometabolic functions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Good <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/74/2/204/4837199">sleep</a> is associated with extended years of good health and reduced risks of chronic diseases. In our review, 68% of the centenarians were satisfied with their sleep quality. In a survey of adults’ sleep satisfaction in 13 countries in 2020, sleep satisfaction ranged from <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1233775/adults-worldwide-satisfied-sleep-country/">29% to 67%</a>. The <a href="https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/74/2/204/4837199">optimal sleep duration</a> is between seven and eight hours per night. Tips to <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/sleep/art-20048379">achieving better sleep</a> include keeping a regular sleep routine, creating a restful environment, exercising regularly and managing stress. <h2>4. Living environment</h2> More than 75% of the centenarians and near-centenarians in our review lived in rural areas. This is a pattern reflected in “<a href="https://www.bluezones.com/">blue zones</a>”, areas known for high concentrations of centenarians, such as Okinawa in Japan, Sardinia in Italy, the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, and Ikaria in Greece. This may be partly related to the connection between nature and health and wellbeing. For example, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6562165/">exposure to green space</a> has been associated with lower stress, depression, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and heart disease, potentially increasing <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107785">life expectancy</a>. <h2>Other important factors</h2> We didn’t look at all lifestyle factors associated with longevity in our review. Research also shows <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S053155650700143X">not smoking</a>, <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802963">avoiding alcohol</a> or drinking moderately, staying <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3618983/">physically active</a> and maintaining <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1991">social connections</a> are important for boosting a person’s chances of living to 100. Of course, adopting the lifestyle changes discussed in this article won’t guarantee you’ll reach the ripe old age of 100. And on the flip side, some centenarians have shared <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-you-should-never-take-nutrition-advice-from-a-centenarian-229159">questionable</a> health habits. But many older adults are seeking to adopt <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9092121/">healthier lifestyles</a> to prevent and manage chronic conditions, while health-care professionals are similarly recognising the value of <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5638636/">lifestyle medicine</a>. The earlier you can adopt positive lifestyle changes and healthier habits, the better placed you’ll be to achieve a long and healthy life. Becoming a centenarian is a lifelong endeavour.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/235100/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/zhaoli-dai-keller-1547476">Zhaoli Dai-Keller</a>, Honorary Senior Lecturer, School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney; Nutritional epidemiologist and Lecturer, School of Population Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/perminder-sachdev-46869">Perminder Sachdev</a>, Scientia Professor of Neuropsychiatry, Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-sydney-1414">UNSW Sydney</a> Image credits: Shutterstock This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/we-reviewed-the-health-habits-of-centenarians-these-4-things-could-lead-to-a-longer-life-235100">original article</a>. </div>

Body

REVIEW: Portable laptop monitor

In an era where mobility is paramount, the evolution of technology continues to shape the way we work, play and even travel. Among the many innovations out there aimed at enhancing our digital nomadic lifestyle, the Mobile Pixels DUEX range of portable laptop monitors stands out as a true game-changer. Gone are the days of being tethered to a single screen. With Mobile Pixels' DUEX Series, you can extend your workspace effortlessly, transforming your laptop into a dual-screen powerhouse anywhere, any time. It's such an easy way to seamlessly blend convenience with functionality, redefining the possibilities of productivity while you travel. Travelling for work is one thing, but as often as not it's all about embracing new experiences and enjoying moments of leisure. With a DUEX, your entertainment options are no longer confined to a small laptop screen; you can immerse yourself in your favourite movies, play games, or catch up on the latest episodes of your favourite TV shows in stunning clarity and detail. The vivid display and immersive audio of the DUEX screens also ensure that every moment of downtime is a delight. Designed with the modern traveller in mind, a DUEX laptop screen strikes the perfect balance between portability and functionality. Its sleek, lightweight design makes it the ideal companion for any journey, fitting seamlessly into your backpack or carry-on luggage. It unfolds effortlessly, instantly expanding your workspace wherever you go. Whether you're working from a bustling cafe, a tranquil park or a cramped airplane seat, a DUEX portable laptop screen adapts to your environment with ease. So whether you're a digital nomad, a frequent traveller, or simply seeking to optimise your productivity, the Mobile Pixels DUEX range of portable laptop monitors are a must-have companion for the modern adventurer. Embrace the freedom to work, play and explore on your own terms, wherever your journey may take you. The range comes in the DUEX Lite, Plus or Max varieties. The DUEX Lite is the most affordable option, weighing in at under 600g and boasting a 12.5” screen for $499. The DUEX Plus has a 13.3” screen and retails for $549. The DUEX Max is the premium option with a 14” screen, retailing for $599. All versions are available in Grey and Navy, and can be found at JB Hi-Fi, Officeworks, Harvey Norman, Amazon, Mwave and Rosman Computers. For more information, check out the full <a href="https://www.mobilepixels.com.au/duex" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mobile Pixels DUEX range here</a>. Image: Mobile Pixels

Travel Tips

REVIEW: Super-intelligent, dog-detecting robot lawn mower

I was recently invited to an onsite demonstration of a brand new line of lawn mowers that were pitched as being not just a lawn mower, but a furry-friend dodging, grass-grooming marvel of modern technology. According to the specs, the <a href="https://au.worx.com/vision-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WORX LANDROID® Vision</a> is the world’s first advanced AI, "unbox & mow" robot lawn mower. "No wire. No satellite. No beacons. No time between unboxing and mowing." Using a combination of HRD camera, the latest AI smarts and a deeply trained neural network to identify grass to mow and obstacles to avoid, it features the innovative "Cut-to-Edge" function, multi-zone management and adaptive auto-scheduling. Plus an optional LED headlight safe night-mowing (apparently, unlike conventional robots, Vision sees nocturnal animals and stays away from them). But the real test for me was always going to be: how would something like the Vision get along with my dog, Rosie? I was offered the chance to try out one of the mowers for a few weeks, and so I jumped at it. But let's talk about Rosie for a moment. Now, this little ball of fur thinks she's the queen of the backyard. She zooms around like a tiny tornado, and honestly I think she believes the grass is her personal chew toy. So, when I introduced the LANDROID into the mix, I was half expecting chaos and half hoping for a miracle. Lo and behold, this mower is not just a lawn whisperer; it's a puppy ninja. The WORX LANDROID has some sort of superpower in its sensors, allowing it to detect my pup's presence and skilfully manoeuvre around her. It was like watching a graceful dance between technology and canine curiosity. For the duration of the test, Rosie basically appointed herself as the official supervisor of lawn maintenance, proudly watching from a safe distance (and sometimes not so safe) as the LANDROID worked its magic. But let's not forget about the real star of the show: the lawn itself. The LANDROID doesn't just dodge around obstacles; it trims with precision, leaving my yard looking like a freshly coiffed celebrity. It's like having a personal stylist for my grass – one that never sleeps. And the best part? I get to sit back, relax and sip my lemonade while the LANDROID does all the heavy lifting (or should I say, mowing). It's like having a reliable little garden gnome, except this one runs on electricity and has impeccable dodging skills. So if you want a lawn mower that's not only efficient but also entertaining, look no further than the <a href="https://au.worx.com/vision-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WORX LANDROID Vision</a>. It's the perfect blend of technology, pet sensitivity and grass-grooming prowess. Plus, it's the only mower I know that can outmanoeuvre a puppy – and that is definitely something to bark about. Images: Alex Cracknell

Home & Garden

Cafe owner responds to extortionate avocado drama

A Sydney cafe has responded after being slammed for their $10.90 side of avocado. Little Jack Horner, situated right in front of Coogee Beach, also charges $11.90 for halloumi and $9.90 for a side of bacon, all of which are meant to be shared. Cafe owner BJ McHatton spoke to 9Honey about the avocado side dish that made waves. "The smashed avocado is portioned at almost one and a half avocados, as well as containing other ingredients to make it a dish, not just an avocado in a bowl," he said of the dish. "The price of avocados does fluctuate, two months ago we were paying double what we are today," he said, adding that the venue works with local providers who go to the market daily to provide them with quality produce. "Of course, this comes at a higher cost that allows us to have a quality offering for our customers.” He pointed out that this is the first price increase in 10 years, with "the hospitality industry as a whole all the way from the suppliers to the actual venues himself have seen prices explode over the last 12 months.” McHatton added that the cafe is in a prime location, with live music five nights a week, 160 indoor plants that are professionally cared for, and their efforts to support local teams, clubs, schools and charities all contribute to their prices. "Obviously, running a business of this size, and in this destination has a lot of associated expenses. All of this has to be taken into account when we set prices for our products.” Despite increased media coverage, McHatton says they haven’t received any backlash. "Obviously being on a few radio stations and covered by a few news stations it has generated some interest on those stories. However, after reading the comments, most of them are supportive. Most people genuinely seem to understand how hard running a business is the associated cost to come with running a business," he told 9Honey. However, he expressed disappointment at the Google reviews that were allegedly left overnight by people who had never been to the cafe. "[It's] disappointing that people will go to the trouble of leaving a review having never actually experienced the venue. If anyone has ever been to our place, they know it's a lot more about an experience, which includes the food than just the food and the price," McHatton said. Other reviewers have dubbed the food “grossly overpriced”, with one reviewer revealing their Easter lunch of two breakfasts and fruit juice was almost $100. Another added that the prices were "pushing close to that of what you would expect for dinner," though they did say the food "was great". Image credit: Shutterstock

Food & Wine

“Most reviewed bucket in bucket history”: Bizarre Bunnings buy achieves legendary status

Everyone knows that a good review can make or break a product, but for Bunnings, some particularly enthusiastic reviewers have done more than just get their bucket’s name out there - they’ve established a new legend. The<a href="https://www.bunnings.com.au/bunnings-20l-pail-bucket_p0138319"> Bunnings-branded 20L Pail Bucket</a>, which sells for $8, is now even considered to be the “most reviewed bucket in bucket history”. And if the feedback from its top fans is anything to go by, it’s all for good reason. “Wow. The legends are true,” one declared. “This bucket does far more than just bucket. Paired together with a set of drumsticks, these make fantastic drums … Do yourself a favour and buy a whole set so you can have drumming parties with a group of friends out the back with a few beers and some snags on the barbie.” And as another wrote, “attention, fellow bucket enthusiasts! Feast your eyes upon the legendary Bunnings 20L Bucket, a miraculous marvel that puts all other buckets to shame … Prepare for bucket greatness, my friends. The Bunnings 20L Bucket is here to show you what a real bucket is capable of. Bow down to the bucket supremacy and embrace the bucket revolution! Your world will never be the same again. Bucket on, my comrades!” One wrote up their success using the bucket in a practical manner, titling their take as “the bucket to end all buckets”. One proud bucket owner took a slightly different approach, sharing the tale of their noble pail when they wrote that “once upon a time, there was a humble bucket named Bertie. Bertie the Bunnings Bucket, lived in a small shed in the backyard of a cosy cottage. Every day, Bertie eagerly awaited his owner, a retired landscaper named Gus, to fill him with water. Bertie took pride in nourishing the vibrant flowers and lush plants in the garden. “Over time, Bertie became more than just a vessel; he became a symbol of growth and the beauty that can bloom with a little care.” Another wrote a poem that went a little something like “oh Bunnings buckets, sturdy and strong. So useful for tasks all day long. For gardening, cleaning, and DIY too. There's nothing these buckets can't do … Oh Bunnings buckets, you're the best. Easy to use and always impressed. With you by my side, I can't go wrong. My go-to tool, all day long!” “I purchased this because it was on my bucket list,” shared one fan of puns and buckets alike. “I was so excited I couldn’t keep a lid on it.” And even for those who couldn’t yet fork out the $8 to take the life-changing item home, respect was in the air, with one writing that they would keep saving because “this is THE Bunnings bucket. The bucket. All my mates have one, even my flash neighbours have one. It's a statement bucket.” A labrador, who goes by Tim Tam, even had their humans leave a positive message on their behalf, declaring that “my hoo mans took me to Bunnings and brought me 2 of these buckets, they are my favourite … every day I am excited to see the bucket!” And as one shopper put it quite simply, “it’s a bucket that buckets”. Images: Bunnings

Home & Garden

"Crossed a line": Bell Shakespeare's blistering response to negative review

Australian theatre company, Bell Shakespeare, has publicly issued a blistering response to a theatre critic’s “cruel and unfair” review. The Age critic Cameron Woodhead gave the theatre company’s current production of Macbeth a two star rating - and he singled out the lead actor, Hazem Shammas’ performance of Macbeth. In his review, Woodhead claimed that Shammas “belongs in the Richard III ward of Monty Python’s Hospital for Over-Acting”. He said that the Logie-winning actor’s portrayal of Macbeth was “so cartoonish” and “unhinged” and that he was “stalked by the inappropriate silhouette of the clown”. The 500-word review mostly nitpicked at Shammas’ performance, commenting on how he should reign in his “vein-popping excess” and “trust in the words” of Shakespeare, as if he knew what Shakespeare would’ve wanted. The review was published online on April 27 and a week later Bell Shakespeare launched their blistering response on social media. <iframe style="border: none; overflow: hidden;" src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FBellShakespeareCo%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0359Wr76jN92ZX4DCPbSRNjn3557HSHfGARRtr8nqhUCTQFH19yy65fS2hTjCoRADKl&show_text=true&width=500" width="500" height="478" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe> The statement began with the theatre company explaining that they are open to criticism and understand that sometimes there will be “creative differences”. “The Age’s theatre critic, Cameron Woodhead, didn’t like our current production of Macbeth (May 1 edition). That’s his prerogative; many critics have provided favourable reviews of this production and Macbeth means many things to many people. One of the joys of seeing Shakespeare’s works is to debate them afterwards. “This time though, we must call out conduct which, in our view, was cruel and unfair,” they wrote in their statement posted on Facebook. “Cameron’s targeting of the lead actor Hazem Shammas was, in our view, belittling and contemptuous,” they added, citing Woodhead’s harsh comments. “Whilst Cameron may have issues with the production, we do not consider a response should ever be draped in language like this. In our view, no actor deserves to be dismissed so personally in a theatre review”. They added that Shammas’ personal life and Palestinian background allowed him to resonate with the fact that “Macbeth is driven by something that finally breaks him,” as that story was his “dad’s story in terms of coming to this land and then pursuing his dreams at all costs, in terms of the costs to himself and breaking the hearts of the ones he left behind.” “Actors don’t have a voice when critics write negative things about them. It has long been thus. However, the stage is their workplace. And they are entitled to a safe space at work just as much as anyone,” they wrote, defending Shammas. They ended the statement saying that Woodhead had “crossed a line”. Many fans have applauded the company for standing up for their star, while others justified Woodhead’s criticism. “Cameron Woodhead gave one of my novels a bruisingly rude review a few years ago. I think he enjoys unleashing the poison pen occasionally. I have finally managed to laugh about it, but it took me years,” commented one person. “What a great response and wonderful example of integrity from Bell Shakespeare!” commented another person “Good on you for calling this out. We can be critical without being cruel, and given the tough times we’re in, we can all employ a little more respect and kindness,” wrote a third. Image: Bell Shakespeare

Art

Review: Madama Butterfly

The critically acclaimed opera Madama Butterfly is back and viewers are in for one hell of a ride as the story plays out on Sydney’s stunning harbour. Patrons sit on the Fleet Steps at Mrs Macquarie’s Point where they are blessed with the stunning backdrop of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Opera House, and a surprise firework display, as Madama Butterfly plays out on the water. The phenomenal performance is sung in Italian with English subtitles, and tells the story of Cio Cio San, also known as Madama Butterfly, who falls in love with American naval officer Pinkerton. Madama Butterfly sings of her woes as she grew up poor and had to work as a geisha to make ends meet. She is soon set up with the rich Pinkerton by Goro the marriage broker, who warns him that Madama Butterfly has strong feelings toward him. Pinkerton however dismisses the warnings and believes that one day he will have a “genuine” marriage to an American woman. After they get married, Pinkerton leaves for three years, promising to return back to Madama Butterfly “when the robins nest”. Madama Butterfly is told by her faithful servant Suzuki and others to give up hope and that Pinkerton would not come back for her to which she disagrees and stays waiting. One day, Madama Butterfly hears a cannon shot from the harbour indicating that Pinkerton had returned. She waits all night for him to come home, only to rise and not find him and be informed he had taken on another wife who is American. This agitates Madama Butterfly who gives up her son to Pinkerton’s new wife before committing suicide. This outstanding performance is not one to be missed and is held every night until April 23. Grab your tickets here: <a href="https://opera.org.au/productions/madama-butterfly-on-sydney-harbour/">https://opera.org.au/productions/madama-butterfly-on-sydney-harbour/</a> Image credits: Getty Images

Music

Global review shows link between social media use, body image and eating disorders

Body image has remains a <a href="https://www.missionaustralia.com.au/what-we-do/research-impact-policy-advocacy/youth-survey" target="_blank" rel="noopener">top personal concern</a> for young people in Australia, with 76% concerned about the issue. Social media use by teens is rising at the same time – with <a href="https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Social-Media-and-Teens-100.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more than 90% on platforms</a> like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, WeChat and TikTok. While there have long been concerns about the association between social media, body image and eating disorders the connection remains relatively unexplored as a public health issue. Now, researchers from University College London in the UK have undertaken a systematic review of 50 scientific studies across 17 countries showing clear links between social media use and body image concerns. The paper, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001091" target="_blank" rel="noopener">published</a> in PLOS Global Public Health, analyses the relationship between body image or eating disorders in young people and social media use. The researchers identify specific aspects of social media – platforms with an emphasis on photos, and engaging with “fitspiration” and “thinspiration” trends – as the factors most closely linked to body image concerns, disordered eating and poor mental health. Other key risk factors included female gender, high body-mass-index and pre-existing body image concerns. The researchers note further studies are needed into the direction of causality. “For example, do body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating occur because of social media usage, or do these pre-exist, encourage engagement in certain online activities, and result in unfavourable clinically significant outcomes?” they ask. Eating disorders involve disturbed attitudes to body image, pre-occupation with weight and body shape and are associated with significant negative outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, reduced bone density, and psychiatric conditions. In Australia, the <a href="https://butterfly.org.au/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Butterfly Foundation</a> reports eating disorders affect around one million people, with the conditions causing more people die each year than the road toll. Image credits: Getty Images This article was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/social-media-use-body-image/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Petra Stock.

Technology

Streaming service giant pays woman 5 figures to watch content

If you think you spend too much time on Amazon Prime, think again as one lucky lady has snatched up her “dream” job with the streaming service. The woman, Alex Bain, 36, has been dubbed Prime Video’s “Buff”, and her job entails reviewing content for Amazon Prime, which came after the platform searched nationwide to fill the role of watching new content. Here’s the real kicker, the 36-year-old will be paid $40,000 for three months of viewing new content and sharing her opinions. She is not new to the scene of content review as she frequently posts to her Instagram, TikTok and Youtube reviewing various TV shows and movies. Upon seeing the advertisement from Amazon Prime, one of Bain’s friends encouraged her to apply. “Everything on it, it was like seeing a list of what would be my ideal job,” Ms Bain told NCA NewsWire. “I’m 36, so I want to do something I’m passionate about, so I decided to just go for it. “I got a phone call from Amazon saying I’d been short-listed, and I was like, ‘Oh my God!’” She said the time between applying for the role and being told she was successful went “so quickly”. Not long after, she received the news she was the lucky one chosen to fill the role. Image credit: Instagram

Review: A Routine Infidelity

Established screenwriter Elizabeth Coleman has quite the resume behind her - from contributing to every season of Miss Fisher’s Murder Mysteries and Miss Fisher’s Modern Murder Mysteries to penning four published plays, she’s tried it all. And now, she has added ‘author of “a delightfully sharp and clever murder mystery”’ to the mix. A Routine Infidelity marks Coleman’s entry into the cosy crime genre, and sees protagonist Edwina ‘Ted’ Bristol - a private investigator based in Melbourne - spending her days hunting down “cheating husbands and missing chihuahuas”, dreaming of something more exciting. Her wish comes true when her sister, Bob, falls victim to a catfisher. With her trusty sidekick Miss Marple - a miniature schnauzer and star of the show - in tow, Ted sets out to get to the bottom of Bob’s trouble. Nothing is ever quite so simple though, especially not for Ted, who soon must find a way to juggle the scam, a case worth millions, and the heavy weight of her past. With twists and turns abound, and characters bursting with life, Coleman’s novel will keep readers turning the pages to see what transpires next. Although a heavy family plot carries throughout the novel - a secret hangs over Ted, one she’d prefer to avoid - there are plenty of moments for a chuckle out loud, like when Ted wants very much to hit someone she’s not best pleased with, “but not as much as she wanted to avoid a negative Google review.” There are multiple plots that take place over the course of the book, and there are points where the story might have benefitted from focussing more on one, to help build reader investment beyond interest in what it meant for the characters. There are also a few instances where the book feels as though it needs to get as much information out as possible, and errs on the side of ‘telling’ where it should be ‘showing’ to achieve this. However, as this is only the first in a series of books, it’s likely that there’s much more to be seen after the initial setup, and any remaining questions are simply yet to be answered. The relationships between Coleman’s characters are what make the book. Ted and her sister Bob - who is, by all accounts, the nicest person in Coleman’s Melbourne - are thick as thieves, though their roles don’t necessarily align with what is typically expected of two sisters. Ted would do anything for Bob, and by the end of the novel, so would many readers. Ted’s ‘connection’ with local neighbourhood medium Chantel is a point of both frustration and amusement throughout - Ted initially wants nothing to do with her, but when Chantel has a premonition with the potential to change Ted’s entire life, she’s forced to reevaluate her feelings. And most importantly, Ted’s bond with her beloved canine companion, Miss Marple, is nothing short of a highlight. Miss Marple’s ‘I-don’t-have-time-for-this’ attitude is something pet owners all across the world can relate to, but in a perfect demonstration of a dog’s love, she is always there when Ted needs her most - even if she isn’t quite so willing to offer that sought-after cuddle. And so, as publisher Pantera Press have said, “if you love the madcap adventures of Phryne Fisher, you’re sure to love Ted Bristol, written by Elizabeth Coleman, screenwriter for Miss Fisher’s Murder Mysteries”. Overall rating: 3.5/5 Find your copy here, and at all good local booksellers: <a href="https://www.amazon.com.au/Routine-Infidelity-Elizabeth-Coleman/dp/064547679X/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1678940919&sr=8-1">Amazon</a> (Kindle: $11.50, paperback: $19.99) <a href="https://www.booktopia.com.au/a-routine-infidelity-elizabeth-coleman/book/9780645476798.html">Booktopia </a>(Paperback: $24.90) <a href="https://www.qbd.com.au/a-routine-infidelity/elizabeth-coleman/9780645476798/">QBD Books</a> (Paperback: $19.99) <a href="https://www.dymocks.com.au/book/a-routine-infidelity-by-elizabeth-coleman-9780645476798">Dymocks</a> (Paperback: $24.99) Images: OverSixty

Books

“I thought you needed a morale boost”: Tom Gleeson’s rough review for The Project

Tom Gleeson has built a name for himself with his particular brand of comedy - sarcastic and dry, it’s a rare sight to behold when a sincere moment breaks through. But that’s exactly what happened when the stand-up comedian and host of Taskmaster Australia stopped by The Project for a chat, surprising everyone when he seized an opportunity to sing his praises for the show’s new line-up. “It's no surprise that he [Tom] finds it very weird to be nice,” The Project’s official Twitter account wrote when sharing a clip of his segment, “and he tried it on us.” “I like making fun of comedians, that’s always a treat. But I can be nice as well,” Tom began, “but it’s off-putting. Would you like to see me be nice?” The panel were eager to accept the unexpected offer, with Tom then informing them, “it’s weird, I’m loving the new Project. It’s great! I love it.” When one remarked that it “still sounded mean”, Tom agreed that it didn’t sound right, and decided the next best thing was to compliment them all. “What’s not to like about this show?” he asked. “We’ve got Liz, you know, a legend of Australian sports. Sarah Harris who’s a natural on camera, I’ve always loved you since I saw you on Studio 10. We’ve got Waleed, an intellectual with - you know - political opinions that are hard to pin down. We’ve got Sam who’s the best comedian of his generation - I’ve seen his act, it’s amazing.” This time, the panel believed him, gushing over the nice words to a round of applause from the live studio audience. Tom again admitted that it was weird for him, and when he was asked if it was bad for his reputation to say such things, he said, “well, to be honest, I only said it ‘cause I’ve seen your ratings and I thought you needed a morale boost.” Thankfully, the hosts - and the audience - saw the funny side, bursting into laughter while Tom declared that it felt better to be “back to normal.” <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> .<a href="https://twitter.com/nonstoptom?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NonStopTom</a> holds two of the meanest positions on TV, Hard Quizmaster and Taskmaster, so it's no surprise that he finds it very weird to be nice… and he tried it on us.<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheProjectTV?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#TheProjectTV</a> <a href="https://t.co/5DL5FCj9vQ">pic.twitter.com/5DL5FCj9vQ</a> — The Project (@theprojecttv) <a href="https://twitter.com/theprojecttv/status/1635923339544784897?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 15, 2023</a></blockquote> However, the new ‘normal’ for The Project drives Tom’s joke a little too close to home. Over the course of a year, the talk show’s broadcast audience numbers have seen a sizeable drop - almost 100,000 down. While shows across multiple Australian networks have been hit with a viewership slump, The Project’s coincides with the departure of hosts Carrie Bickmore, Peter Helliar, and Lisa Wilkinson. It was only in 2023 that the show locked in the new line-up of Waleed Aly, Sarah Harris, Georgie Tunny, Michael Hing, Sam Taunton, and Hamish MacDonald. A panel that Tom Gleeson, at least, is a fan of. Images: Channel 10

Yes, masks reduce the risk of spreading COVID, despite a review saying they don’t

The question of whether and to what extent face masks work to prevent respiratory infections such as COVID and influenza has split the scientific community for <a href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2007-03-06-0703060040-story.html">decades</a>. Although there is strong evidence face masks <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020748920301139?via%3Dihub">significantly reduce transmission of such infections</a> both in health-care settings and in the community, some experts do not agree. An updated <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6/full">Cochrane Review</a> published last week is the latest to suggest face masks don’t work in the community. <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> "Wearing masks in the community probably makes little or no difference to the outcome of laboratory‐confirmed influenza/SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to not wearing masks"<a href="https://twitter.com/CochraneLibrary?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@CochraneLibrary</a> Review. Published: 30 January 2023 <a href="https://t.co/zODu6QEF1M">https://t.co/zODu6QEF1M</a> <a href="https://t.co/c26yHPaSCD">pic.twitter.com/c26yHPaSCD</a> — Robin Monotti (@robinmonotti) <a href="https://twitter.com/robinmonotti/status/1620311528523304960?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 31, 2023</a></blockquote> However there are problems with the review’s methodology and its underpinning assumptions about transmission. The Cochrane Review combined randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using <a href="https://ebn.bmj.com/content/16/1/3">meta-analysis</a>. RTCs test an intervention in one group and compare it with a “control” group that doesn’t receive the intervention or receives a different intervention. A meta-analysis pools the results of multiple studies. This approach assumes (a) RCTs are the “best” evidence and (b) combining results from multiple RCTs will give you an average “effect size”. But RCTs are only the undisputed gold standard for certain kinds of questions. For other questions, a mix of study designs is better. And RCTs should be combined in a meta-analysis only if they are all addressing the same research question in the same way. Here are some reasons why the conclusions of this Cochrane Review are misleading. <h2>It didn’t consider how COVID spreads and how masks work</h2> COVID, along with influenza and many other respiratory diseases, is transmitted primarily <a href="https://theconversation.com/covid-how-the-disease-moves-through-the-air-173490">through the air</a>. Respirators (such as N95s) are designed and regulated to prevent airborne infections by fitting <a href="https://theconversation.com/high-filtration-masks-only-work-when-they-fit-so-we-created-a-new-way-to-test-if-they-do-155987">closely to the face</a> to prevent air leakage and by filtering out 95% or more of potential infectious particles. In contrast, surgical masks are designed to prevent splatter of fluid on the face and are loose-fitting, causing unfiltered air to leak in through the gaps around the mask. The filtration of a surgical mask is not regulated. In other words, respirators are designed for respiratory protection and cloth and surgical masks are not. The review starts with an assumption that masks provide respiratory protection, which is flawed. An understanding of these differences should inform both studies and reviews of those studies. <h2>The studies addressed quite different questions</h2> A common mistake in meta-analysis is to combine apples and oranges. If apples work but oranges don’t, combining all studies in a single average figure may lead to the conclusion that apples do not work. This Cochrane Review combined RCTs where face masks or respirators were worn part of the time (for example, when caring for patients with known COVID or influenza: “occasional” or “targeted” use) with RCTs where they were worn at all times (“continuous use”). Because both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses are airborne, an unmasked person could be infected anywhere in the building and even after an infectious patient has left the room, especially since some people have <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2109229118">no symptoms</a> while contagious. Most RCTs of masks and N95s included in the review have not had a <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/184819">control arm</a> – therefore finding no difference could indicate equal efficacy or equal inefficacy. <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2749214">Studies</a> examining wearing a surgical mask or respirator (such as an N95) only when in contact with sick people or when doing a high-risk procedure (occasional use) have generally shown that, when worn in this way, there is no difference. An RCT comparing occasional versus continuous use of respirators in health care workers <a href="https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201207-1164OC?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubme">showed</a> N95 respirators and surgical masks were equally ineffective when only worn occasionally by hospital workers. They had to wear them all the time at work to be protected. We also combined only apples and apples in a <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.12474">meta-analysis</a> of two RCTs conducted in exactly the same way and measuring the same interventions and outcomes. We found N95 respirators provide significant protection against respiratory infections when surgical masks did not, even against infections assumed to be “droplet spread”. <h2>Most trials addressed only half the question</h2> Face masks and respirators work in two ways: they protect the wearer from becoming infected and they prevent an infected wearer from spreading their germs to other people. Most RCTs in this Cochrane Review looked only at the former scenario, not the latter. In other words, the researchers had asked people to wear masks and then tested to see if those people became infected. A previous <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20092668/">systematic review</a> found face masks worn by sick people during an influenza epidemic reduced the risk of them transmitting the infection to family members or other carers. Preventing an infection in one person also prevents onward transmission to others within a closed setting, which means such RCTs should use a special method called “cluster randomisation” to account for this. Data from a RCT of N95 respirator use by <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0300060516665491?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org">health workers</a> showed even their unmasked colleagues were protected. Yet some of the trials included in the review did not use cluster randomisation. <h2>The new paper combined health and community settings</h2> This is another apples-plus-oranges issue. Different settings have widely differing risks of transmission, since airborne particles build up when sick patients are exhaling the virus in <a href="https://theconversation.com/heres-where-and-how-you-are-most-likely-to-catch-covid-new-study-174473">underventilated, crowded settings</a> especially if many infected people are present (such as in a hospital). <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> Here’s where (and how) you are most likely to catch COVID – new study <a href="https://t.co/Ro88Shc897">https://t.co/Ro88Shc897</a> <a href="https://t.co/TlFA9EQskF">pic.twitter.com/TlFA9EQskF</a> — Jeffrey J Davis (@JeffreyJDavis) <a href="https://twitter.com/JeffreyJDavis/status/1484210379093954564?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 20, 2022</a></blockquote> A genuine protective effect of masks or respirators shown in a RCT in a high-risk setting will be obscured if that trial is combined in a meta-analysis with several other RCTs that were conducted in low-risk settings. A large <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi9069">RCT in the community in Bangladesh</a> found face masks reduced the risk of infection by 11% overall and 35% in people over 60 years. In contrast, in <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.12474">hospitals</a>, N95 reduce risk by 67% against bacterial infections and 54% against viral infections. Viruses like influenza also vary substantially from year to year – some years there is very little influenza, and if a RCT is conducted during such a year, it will not find enough infections to show a difference. The review failed to account for such seasonal effects. <h2>But did they actually wear the mask?</h2> The authors of the Cochrane Review acknowledged compliance with masking advice was poor in most studies. In the real world, we can’t force people to follow medical advice, so RCTs should be analysed on an “intention to treat” basis. For example, people who are prescribed the active drug but who choose not to take it should not be shifted to the placebo group for the analysis. But if in a study of masking, most people don’t actually wear them, you can’t conclude that masks don’t work when the study shows no difference between the groups. You can only conclude that the mask advice didn’t work in this study. There is a great deal of <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246317">psychological evidence</a> on why people do or don’t choose to comply with advice to mask and how to improve uptake. The science of masking needs to separate the impact of the mask itself from the impact of the advice to mask. Mask-wearing <a href="https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(21)00274-5/fulltext">goes up</a> substantially to over 70% if there is an actual mandate in place. <h2>It didn’t include other types of research</h2> A comprehensive review of the evidence would also include other types of study besides RCTs. For example, a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620311429">large systematic review</a> of 172 various study designs, which included 25,697 patients with SARS-CoV-2, SARS, or MERS, concluded masks were effective in preventing transmission of respiratory viruses. Well-designed <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106e1.htm?s_cid=mm7106e1_w">real-world studies</a> during the pandemic showed any mask reduces the risk of COVID transmission by 50–80%, with the highest protection offered by N95 respirators. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20095070/">Many lab-based studies</a> have shown respirators are superior to masks at preventing airborne respiratory infections and the <a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/content/75/11/1024.long">incremental superiority</a> from a single to two layered cloth mask to a three-layered surgical mask in blocking respiratory aerosols. <h2>Yes, masks reduce the spread of COVID</h2> There is strong and consistent evidence for the effectiveness of masks and (even more so) respirators in protecting against respiratory infections. Masks are an important protection against serious infections. Current COVID vaccines protect against death and hospitalisation, but do <a href="https://fortune.com/well/2023/01/06/kraken-xbb15-omicron-covid-variant-most-transmissible-yet-could-spawn-more-immune-evasive-variants-study-china-vaccine-monoclonal-antibodies-breakthrough-infection/">not prevent infection</a> well due to waning vaccine immunity and substantial immune escape from new variants. A systematic review is only as good as the rigour it employs in combining similar studies of similar interventions, with similar measurement of outcomes. When very different studies of different interventions are combined, the results are not informative. Image credits: Getty Images This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/yes-masks-reduce-the-risk-of-spreading-covid-despite-a-review-saying-they-dont-198992" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.

Body

Don Giovanni Sydney: Review

From the first spine-tingling chord the orchestra plays beneath a stage covered in skulls and shrouded in shadow, Don Giovanni at the Sydney Opera House promises a thrilling take on the iconic opera. Ukrainian baritone Andrei Kymach shines as the suave Don Giovanni, highlighting the anti-hero’s enjoyment of his lifestyle and his unrepentant nature and showing off his velvety tone. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2023/01/don-giovanni1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Andrei Kymach as Don Giovanni and the cast of Don Giovanni. Image: Keith Saunders (Supplied) Kymach is joined in his Australian debut by French-Israeli bass-baritone Yuri Kissin as Leporello, who brings a slice of comedic light to an otherwise dark and grim production. Acting as the “conscience” of his machiavellian and unrepenting master, Kissin does this all while delivering a rich tone and perfectly executing Mozart’s rapid passages. Following the final day of Don Giovanni’s life, the downfall of the serial rapist and scoundrel is apparent from the very beginning, in a story that is packed to the brim with vengeance, grief and rage. In a post-#metoo world, the solidarity between Donna Anna (Sophie Salvesani), Donna Elvira (Bronwyn Douglass), and Zerlina (Cathy-Di Zhang) in holding Don Giovanni accountable for his actions is a standout theme. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2023/01/don-giovanni2.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Juan de Dios Mateos as Don Ottavio and Sophie Salvasani as Donna Elvira (left), Bronwyn Douglass as Donna Anna (middle), Cathy-Di Zhang and Andrew Williams as Zerlina and Masetto. Images: Keith Saunders (Supplied) Whisperings of what he’s really like and Donna Anna’s unrelenting campaign to prevent others from sharing her fate are moments that are reminiscent of the stories of women protecting each other from male abusers in the real world. Even in contrast to the scale of Don Giovanni’s misdeeds, no-one is without flaws and the cast portray their characters as authentic and messily human. Salvesani offers a believable depiction of grief and a need for justice following the death of her father, the Commendatore (David Parkin), while Douglass offers up a rich portrayal of a woman torn between love for Don Giovanni, hatred at his deceptions and grief over his impending death, and Zhang straddles the line between loyalty to her husband and the allure of a better life with Don Giovanni. Andrew Williams’ portrayal of Masetto throws an ugly light over the peasant’s jealousy and misguided anger towards his new bride, the victim of Don Giovanni’s attention, while Juan de Dios Mateos brings the supportive yet impatient Don Ottavio to life with great vocal artistry and control. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2023/01/don-giovanni3.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> The cast of Don GIovanni at the Sydney Opera House. Image: Keith Saunders (Supplied) This rendition of David McVicar’s Gothic reimagining - where even the chorus become part of the scenery - features a cast of debuting stars, supported by a slimmed-down orchestra that perfectly captures the range of Mozart’s score, from the boisterous celebration of Zerlina and Masetto’s nuptials to the chilling moment Parkin appears on Don Giovanni’s doorstep as the ghoulish statue of the Commendatore. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2023/01/don-giovanni4.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> David Parkin as Commendatore and Andrei Kymach as Don Giovanni. Image: Keith Saunders (Supplied) Don Giovanni’s fate - being dragged to the Underworld by harpies with abdominal wounds of unknown origin - carries a haunting warning that our actions - and particularly our willingness to change - comes with consequences. Don Giovanni will be playing at the Sydney Opera House until February 17. To get tickets, head <a href="https://opera.org.au/productions/don-giovanni-sydney?scroll=story">here</a>. Images: Keith Saunders (Supplied)

Music

Fireworks, motorbikes and opera: Carmen on Cockatoo Island review

Even if you haven’t seen Carmen, you’re sure to recognise its standout tunes that have cemented themselves into pop culture - and you won’t want to miss its current showing on Sydney’s Cockatoo Island. A first for the historical island, Carmen has been transported both out of its traditional theatre environment and its 18th-century Spanish setting, being reimagined with a gritty, modern aesthetic that matches Cockatoo Island’s former ship-building warehouses and preserved industrial heritage. While leaning on a ‘rock ‘n’ roll’ theme, the vibe from both the setting - think scaffolding and piles of barrels and destroyed cars - and costuming - think modern military gear, denim, fishnets, leopard print and elements of Y2K fashion - is more reminiscent of punk, dystopia, and Mad Max, with a trio of stunt motorbike riders and fireworks as icing on the cake. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/12/carmen-review1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Y2K, punk, and modern military styles collide in this adaptation of Carmen to create a dystopian feel that’s disconnected from a particular time or place. Image: Prudence Upton (Supplied) Taking Carmen out of a Spanish cultural context gives the production a more timeless feel too, with additional imagery projected behind the cast during key scenes pushing the audience to interpret Carmen and Don José’s increasingly toxic relationship with a modern lens - particularly regarding themes of violence against women and coercive control. In a time where these issues are being talked about more openly, this shift in perspective couldn’t be any more relevant, even if it does come across in a heavy-handed way in some moments. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/12/carmen-review2.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> In a world post-#MeToo and amid growing awareness of how issues such as coercive control victimise women, Opera Australia’s production draws attention to the negative elements of Carmen and Don José’s relationship. Image: Prudence Upton (Supplied) While many aspects of how Carmen is presented have been changed for this adaptation, the music has stayed true to the original - with one difference coming from the nature of presenting an opera outdoors. With the talented orchestra, led by conductor Tahu Matheson, located some distance away from the main stage in an adjacent building, the music is projected using speakers. Despite the challenging situation, which saw the conductor and singers rely on screens to see each other, the performance is just as flawless as if the orchestra were in a pit beneath the stage of a concert hall. When combined with the minimalist scenery and miked singers, it gives the production the sense of being less like an opera and more like a musical, with the grunge aesthetic making it seem particularly similar to Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Cats. But this didn’t take away from the performance, with the talents of Carmen Topicu and Roberto Aronica (who share the roles with Sian Sharp and Diego Torre) as Carmen and Don José and their captivating chemistry shining through. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/12/carmen-review3.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Bullfighter Escamillo has been transformed into a leather-clad rockstar mobbed by an adoring crowd against a backdrop of wrecked cars. Image: Prudence Upton (Supplied) The reimagining of the bullfighter Escamillo (played by Daniel Sumegi and Alexander Sefton) as a rockstar with elements of Elvis - including an iridescent black cape - is refreshing and helps to convey his celebrity status to a modern audience and the contrast between him and the more humble corporal Don José. Micaёla also serves as a contrasting character, with her costuming of pastels and a more conservative, housewife-esque outfit highlighting her as the innocent village girl against Carmen’s bold and more revealing outfits, as well as her strength, independence and rebellious nature. With a cast already considered large for an opera, Opera Australia’s production has seen this number grow even more as the roles of Carmen, Don José, Escamillo, Micaёla and Frasquita are shared, with singers performing on alternate nights. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/12/carmen1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Carmen’s costuming helps to convey the contrasting nature of its key characters, such as between childhood sweetheart Micaёla (right) and fiercely independent Carmen (left). Images: Prudence Upton (Supplied) Other updates to the opera, such as motorbikes taking on the roles of bulls at the bullfight and the use of street dance choreography throughout, are employed to create the feeling of timelessness and modernity, along with the meta nature of the set design and story, including the use of a Carmen poster as a curtain for Carmen to walk through. All in all, Carmen on Cockatoo Island is a refreshing take on a well-known opera that is sure to be enjoyed by regulars and first-timers alike, while its modern messaging will be sure to spark important conversations among those who see it. Carmen on Cockatoo Island will be performing Tuesday through Sunday nights from November 25 until December 18, with tickets available <a href="https://opera.org.au/productions/carmen-on-cockatoo-island" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. Image: Prudence Upton (Supplied)

Domestic Travel

“Significant mistakes” made by government during Covid, review finds

An independent review of the Australian government’s response to COVID-19 has found that “significant mistakes were made” and that policies impacted vulnerable communities the most. Peter Shergold, the chancellor of Western Sydney University and leader of the review panel, told reporters that the government would have known that Covid policies would have the harshest impacts on low socio-economic groups. “I think the single biggest failure was not sufficiently planning for the fault lines in society. Those who are disadvantaged, those who are vulnerable,” Mr Shergold said. “People who are on the wrong side of the digital divide, women, migrants who are here from non-English speaking backgrounds, First Nations people. “So right at the start this next time, we need to put those fault lines first and foremost in mind if we’re going to handle a national pandemic correctly.” Mr Shergold said the 97-page review acknowledged that decisions were made under a “fog of uncertainty” and that its purpose wasn’t to lay blame on anyone. “In a real sense, we are all responsible,” he said. “I cannot say to you with my hand on my heart that two years ago in that swirling fog of uncertainty I would have made different decisions or given different advice. “The key is that we‘ve learned the lesson for the next time or even for the rest of this pandemic.” A major concern identified in the report was the implementation of policies without considering existing inequalities in society, and that a major outcome was the need to involve local governments in implementing and communicating national policies to communities. “We need to place vulnerable Australians at the centre of our planning,” Professor Shergold said. The review identified four key areas where the government needs to improve and made six recommendations for future health crises. It found that economic supports provided by the government “lacked fairness and compassion” and that lockdowns had an unfair impact on children and parents, particularly mothers. “For children and parents (particularly women), we failed to get the balance right between protecting health and imposing long-term costs on education, mental health, the economy and workforce outcomes,” the panel said. The panel also found that many of the lockdowns and border closures were used as a result of policy failures, and that they should have been last-resort measures used to source vaccines and PPE, prepare hospitals, and nail down contact tracing and quarantine procedures. The third area where improvement was needed related to schools, with the panel finding that school systems shouldn’t have been shut down once information suggested they weren’t high-transmission environments. “It’s not just educational disruption or the impact on the economy because parents have to stay home or the increased pressure on parents and particularly I’d have to say mums,” Mr Shergold said. “We can already see it in terms of the stress and the anxiety and the frankly mental ill health of many young people who have not just been shut out of school but shut out of normal life.” Finally, the panel said that older Australians should have received more attention from the government. “Funding was inadequate. The labour force was stretched. Fixing aged care requires changed attitudes,” the panel said. Restricting aged care visits beyond the worst of the pandemic caused “unnecessary pain and distress”, while restricting aged care residents from going to hospital when they caught Covid was a “mistake that cost lives”. The six recommendations for navigating future crises include: <ol> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Establish an independent, data-driven Australian Centre for Disease Control and Prevention </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Clearly define national cabinet roles and responsibilities in a crisis </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Publicly release modelling used in government decision making </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Regular pandemic scenario testing </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Sharing and linking of data between jurisdictions </li> <li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"> Establish an Office of the Evaluator General for real-time tracking of policy performance during a crisis </li> </ol> The panel also criticised the government’s lack of a clawback mechanism for businesses on JobKeeper, dubbing it a “design fault”. “It was fiscally irresponsible and unfair when other groups in society were excluded from economic supports,” the panel said. Image: Getty Images

Caring

Almost 200,000 Aussies will have robodebt review scrapped

Nearly 200,000 Australians caught up in the controversial robodebt scheme will see their cases dropped by the federal government. After the scheme was put on hold in 2019 by the then-Coalition government, 197,000 Aussies who were under a robodebt review will no longer be under investigation. The practice, which ran from July 2015 until November 2019, assessed income data from the Australian Tax Office against fortnightly Centrelink payments and raised $1.73 billion in unlawful debts against over 400,000 people. While initially hailed as a cost-saving measure to crack down on fraudsters, the government ended up repaying about $751 million, plus interest, wrongly taken from 381,000 people. The latest announcement will see letters sent confirming the scrapping of the debt to about 124,000 people who received an initial review letter, as well as 73,000 who didn’t know a review had begun at all. It is understood the debt investigations will be dropped to avoid a hit to public confidence in the social security system and because of the likelihood that any debts uncovered wouldn’t be worth the money needed to pursue them. Labor Social Services Minister Amanda Rishworth said she was pleased to relieve the stress the scheme caused to those affected by the “fiasco”. "The Robodebt fiasco is something that should be of deep concern to all Australians. It was meant to save money, however, we know it had a significant human cost," she said in a statement. "We know as late back as 2016, there were members of the public flagging concerns that these debts weren't right. "Individuals felt increasingly anxious, depressed, and worried because these debts kept coming and they couldn't understand them." With <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/news/news/he-was-harassed-woman-tells-how-son-took-his-life-over-incorrect-robodebt-bill" target="_blank" rel="noopener">over 2,000 Australians dying</a> after receiving hefty debt notices and being harassed by debt collectors, families of the victims have directly blamed the scheme for their deaths. Bill Shorten, the Government Services Minister, described the scheme as “shameful and illegal”. "We are removing any doubt that has been hanging over the heads of Robodebt victims for almost a decade," he said. "These dodgy debts were raised by the former Government in an illegal shakedown against some of the most vulnerable to underpin their discredited surplus forecasts." The announcement comes as public hearings in a $30 million <a href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/money-banking/pm-launches-probe-into-unlawful-robodebt-scheme" target="_blank" rel="noopener">royal commission</a> into the scheme are expected to commence later this month. Image: Getty Images

Money & Banking

“Can we find ways to create more unity?” Australia Day celebrations under review

The way Australia Day is celebrated could majorly change in the city of Melbourne, as its council begins to assess how to mark the polarising holiday. Melbourne city council voted in favour of the motion to review how January 26 is celebrated, brought by Lord Mayor Sally Capp, on Tuesday night, as reported by <a href="https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/politics/melbourne-city-council-reviewing-its-approach-to-australia-day/news-story/4219b7ec3eb4607fe2371a66f02a8883" target="_blank" rel="noopener">news.com.au</a>. The council will be looking to identify alternative options for events, communications and community engagement that could be introduced as soon as next year, seeking input from traditional owners, as well as state and federal governments. Councillor Capp acknowledged that Australia Day is a “polarising issue” and that “views are mixed” on celebrating it on January 26, and that consulting Indigenous people was important since their cultures are “essential” to Melbourne’s identity. “What are the ways we can celebrate being Australian and can we find ways to create more unity than division on 26 January?” she told Sunrise on Wednesday. “That is the process we are undertaking with options to come back on September 6.” She stated that, although local councils “cannot change” the date of Australia Day, she believed that it was important for local governments to be involved. “I believe it’s important for local governments, as the level of government closest to our people, to be active participants in this important debate,” she said. “I know that celebrating Australia Day on January 26 is important to a lot of people, as much as it’s hurtful to a lot of people. “The debate is maturing and it is time for us to be more considered about what happens on January 26.” “What we can do is consider the views of our community, of traditional owners and the approaches of other levels of government. “We can incorporate the views of stakeholders and we can look to use that information to consider what we will do on January 26.” Tuesday night’s motion received strong support from council members, with Jason Cheng being the only member to abstain from voting. “My thoughts are it’s an issue for the federal government,” Cr Chang said. “I understand the sentiment and respect my colleagues’ views on this, but I also feel we need to focus on what’s happening in the city of Melbourne right now. “Businesses are all struggling … myself included.” Now that the motion has passed, an options paper will be prepared and presented to the council’s Future Melbourne Committee on September 6, which will include details of how Australia Day could be managed from next year onwards. Image: Getty Images

Domestic Travel

Review: Il Trovatore at the Sydney Opera House

Tarot, clowns, romance, and drama abound in Opera Australia’s rendition of Il Trovatore, the melodramatic tale created by famed operatic composer Guiseppe Verdi. Set in 15th-century Spain, Il Trovatore follows Manrico (Yonghoon Lee), a rebel soldier and troubadour who is in love with lady-in-waiting Leonora (Leah Crocetto), who has also caught the attention of the Count di Luna (Maim Aniskin). Some years before the opera is set, the Count’s father accused a Romani woman of bewitching one of his sons and had her burned at the stake, but not before her daughter, Azucena (Elena Gabouri), supposedly snatched his son and threw him into the fire as well. It is then revealed that Azucena had mistakenly burned her own child in the fire and had taken Manrico from the count and raised him as her own son. With Azucena urging him to exact revenge on the current Count, Manrico rescues Leonora from the Count and they plan to marry each other. However, when Azucena is arrested and Manrico is captured attempting to rescue her, Leonora is faced with the decision to make the ultimate sacrifice to save her beloved. Opera Australia’s rendition of this classic opera blends tradition with innovation: the setting shifts forward in time to the Spanish Civil War and traditional set pieces are replaced primarily with towering digital screens. Though this change in setting was captured well with the costuming, with the Count’s men donned in 40s era grey overcoats and armed with a mix of swords and pistols, the digital stagecraft captured the ambience of Il Trovatore more than a sense of place and came across as shallow in some moments. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/07/il-trovatore1.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> That said, the digital aspects weren’t without their positives, playing with the audience’s sense of space and highlighting important aspects of the story, with projections of a series of tarot cards (a nod to Romani culture), a rundown circus, and a disembodied clown head as notable examples. The rotating stage of the Opera House’s Joan Sutherland Theatre and select physical props and sets were used quite effectively to capture the dilapidated circus grounds and hospital. Meanwhile, silhouetting the cast to punctuate between scenes and songs and circus folk and henchmen frozen mid-fight showed how the cast could themselves become scenery. As for the cast themselves, Lee shone as the fierce troubadour, even when he seemed to falter and be visibly in pain on some notes. Gabouri’s casting as Azucena seemed a perfect fit, given her powerful vocals and the strength with which she played her character. <img src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2022/07/trovatore-cast.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="720" /> Yonghoon Lee (left) and Elena Gabouri (right) shine as Manrico and Azucena, and their chemistry as mother and son is electric. Aniskin’s cold and menacing portrayal of the Count came through particularly in the second act, while Crocetto’s incredible range helped her shine as the leading lady Leonora. The orchestra, led by Andrea Battistoni, were exceptional throughout in capturing the highs, lows, and intricacies of Verdi’s music. As a first-time opera goer, the need to look at the surtitles above the stage made it difficult to stay immersed, particularly as they seemed to translate the essence of what was being sung rather than the literal lyrics. Even so, Opera Australia’s rendition of Il Trovatore is engaging in its fusion of tradition and tech, and its stellar cast breathe life into a story that is just as relevant today as it was when it was first written. Il Trovatore will be performed at the Sydney Opera House on select dates until July 30, with tickets available to purchase <a href="https://opera.org.au/productions/il-trovatore-sydney/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. Images: Keith Saunders

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Don Giovanni Sydney: Review

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Review: Il Trovatore at the Sydney Opera House

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