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What’s the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

<div class="theconversation-article-body"> <a href="https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/understanding-arthritis/what-is-arthritis">Arthritis</a> – an umbrella term for around <a href="https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/managing-pain/understanding-pain/sources-of-arthritis-pain">100 conditions</a> that damage the joints – affects <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39647490/">4.1 million</a> Australians. This is expected <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39647490/">to rise</a> by 31% to 5.4 million by 2040 and cost the Australian health-care system an estimated $12 billion each year. The two most common types, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, can both cause joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Both are more common in <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/arthritis">women</a>. Neither can be cured. But their causes, risk factors and treatments are different – here’s what you need to know. <h2>What is osteoarthritis?</h2> Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It affects <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/osteoarthritis">2.1 million Australians</a>, mostly older people. About a third of <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/osteoarthritis">Australians</a> aged 75 and older have the condition. It can affect any joint but is most common in the knees, hips, fingers, thumbs and big toes. The main symptom is pain, especially during movement. Other symptoms may include swelling, stiffness and changes to the shape of joints. The <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/osteoarthritis">main risk factors</a> are ageing and obesity, as well as previous injuries or surgery. For osteoarthritis in the hands, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35843480/">genetics</a> also play a big role. Signs of osteoarthritis can appear on knee scans from around <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/osteoarthritis">age 45</a> and become more common with age. However, this type of arthritis not simply the “wear and tear” of ageing. Osteoarthritis is a complex disease that affects the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201672">whole joint</a>. This includes the <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23173-cartilage">cartilage</a> (“shock-absorbing” connective tissue protecting your bones), bones, <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21604-ligament">ligaments</a> (connective tissue holding bones and body parts in place) and joint lining. <h2>How is it diagnosed?</h2> Diagnosis is <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng226/chapter/Recommendations#diagnosis">based on</a> symptoms (such as pain and restricted movement) and a physical exam. The disease generally worsens over time and cannot be reversed. But the severity of damage does not always <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21281726/">correlate with pain</a> levels. For this reason, x-rays and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29886437/">MRI scans</a> are usually unhelpful. Some people with early osteoarthritis experience severe pain, but the damage won’t show up on a scan. Others with advanced and visible osteoarthritis may have few symptoms or none at all. <h2>What about rheumatoid arthritis?</h2> Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. This means the immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation and damage. Common symptoms include pain, joint swelling and stiffness, <a href="https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar4146">especially in the morning</a>. Rheumatoid arthritis is less common than osteoarthritis, affecting <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/rheumatoid-arthritis">around 514,000 Australians</a>. It mostly impacts the wrists and small joints in the hands and feet, though larger joints such as the elbows, shoulders, knees and ankles can also be involved. It can also affect other organs, including the skin, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels. Fortunately, disease outside the joint has become <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38240831/">less common</a> in recent years, likely due to better and earlier treatment. <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/rheumatoid-arthritis?request=smoothstate">Rheumatoid arthritis</a> often develops earlier than osteoarthritis but can occur at any age. Onset is most frequent in those aged <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/chronic-musculoskeletal-conditions/musculoskeletal-conditions/contents/rheumatoid-arthritis">35–64</a>. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21149499/">Smoking</a> increases your risk. <h2>How is it diagnosed?</h2> As with osteoarthritis, your doctor will diagnose rheumatoid arthritis based on your symptoms and a physical exam. Some other tests can be useful. Blood tests may pick up specific <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp20181">antibodies</a> that indicate rheumatoid arthritis, although you can still have the condition <a href="https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/managing-arthritis/medical-management/blood-test-for-arthritis/">with negative results</a>. X-rays may also reveal joint damage if the disease is advanced. If there is uncertainty, an <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35022703/">ultrasound or MRI</a> can help detect inflammation. <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=456&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=456&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=456&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=573&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=573&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/664530/original/file-20250429-56-okmp6o.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=573&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /></a><figcaption>The Conversation, <a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA</a></figcaption></figure> <h2>How is osteoarthritis treated?</h2> No treatment can stop osteoarthritis progressing. However many people manage their symptoms well with advice from their doctor and self-care. Exercise, weight management and pain medicines <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications-and-resources/resource-library/osteoarthritis-knee-clinical-care-standard-2024">can help</a>. Exercise has been shown to be safe for osteoarthritis of the <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004376.pub4/full">knee</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24756895/">hip</a> and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29032354/">hand</a>. Many types of exercise are <a href="https://theconversation.com/do-you-have-knee-pain-from-osteoarthritis-you-might-not-need-surgery-heres-what-to-try-instead-236779">effective</a> at reducing pain, so you can choose what suits you best. For knee osteoarthritis, managing weight through diet and/or exercise is <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications-and-resources/resource-library/osteoarthritis-knee-clinical-care-standard-2024">strongly recommended</a>. This may be because it reduces pressure on the joint or because losing weight <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30390883/">can reduce inflammation</a>. <a href="https://theconversation.com/new-study-suggests-weight-loss-drugs-like-ozempic-could-help-with-knee-pain-heres-why-there-may-be-a-link-243159">Anti-obesity medicines</a> may also reduce pain. Topical and oral <a href="https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications-and-resources/resource-library/osteoarthritis-knee-clinical-care-standard-2024">anti-inflammatories</a> are usually recommended to manage pain. However, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35137418/">opioids</a> (such as tramadol or oxycodone) are not, due to their risks and limited evidence they help. In some cases <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33472813/">antidepressants</a> such as duloxetine may also be considered as a treatment for pain though, again, evidence they help is limited. <h2>What about rheumatoid arthritis?</h2> Treatments for rheumatoid arthritis focus on preventing joint damage and reducing inflammation. It’s essential to get an <a href="https://rheumatology.org.au/Portals/2/Documents/Public/Professionals/Clinical%20Care%20Standards/RAQS-UPDATE-Clinicians-ACCESS-03-7May24.pdf?ver=2024-05-07-135934-023">early referral to a rheumatologist</a>, so that treatment with medication – called “disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs” – can begin quickly. These <a href="https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/LqRV3n">medicines</a> suppress the immune system to stop inflammation and prevent damage to the joint. With no cure, the <a href="https://creakyjoints.org/about-arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis/ra-treatment/remission-low-disease-activity-rheumatoid-arthritis/">overall goal</a> is to achieve remission (where the disease is inactive) or get symptoms under control. <h2>Advances in treatment</h2> There is an increasing interest in prevention for both types of arthritis. A large international <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38144515/">clinical</a> trial is currently investigating whether a diet and exercise program can prevent knee osteoarthritis in those with higher risk – in this case, women who are overweight and obese. For those already affected, <a href="https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/levi-04-a-novel-neurotrophin-3-inhibitor-substantially-improves-pain-and-function-without-deleterious-effects-on-joint-structure-in-people-with-knee-osteoarthritis-a-randomized-controlled-phase-ii/">new medicines</a> in early-stage clinical trials show promise in reducing pain and improving function. There is also hope for rheumatoid arthritis with Australian researchers <a href="https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2024/07/drug-free-life-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients-possible-within-decade">developing</a> a new immunotherapy. This treatment aims to reprogram the immune system, similar to a vaccine, to help people achieve long-term remission without lifelong treatment.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/249154/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/giovanni-e-ferreira-1030477">Giovanni E. Ferreira</a>, NHMRC Emerging Leader Research Fellow, Institute of Musculoskeletal Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841">University of Sydney</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/rachelle-buchbinder-449750">Rachelle Buchbinder</a>, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology and Rheumatologist, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/monash-university-1065">Monash University</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/whats-the-difference-between-osteoarthritis-and-rheumatoid-arthritis-249154">original article</a>. Image: Shutterstock </div>

Body

Helping alleviate the pain of arthritis

One in seven Australians, or 3.6 million people, are living with arthritis, a leading cause of chronic pain and the second most common cause of disability and early retirement due to ill health, according to Arthritis Australia. Mike Whitney is a big fan of Arborvitae after having spent years playing cricket for NSW and Australia resulting in many aches and pains throughout his body. The joys of sport that many people experience as they get older. Arborvitae Health and Wellbeing has spent years formulating a solution to target debilitating pain caused by arthritis and other chronic conditions. “We wanted it to be a natural product as well,” says Arborvitae Director Brendan Howell. Since it was founded in 2014, Arborvitae Health and Wellbeing, has used Pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark extract) as the main ingredient in its range of natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements. The natural plant extract, which grows on the coast of south-west France, is used alongside aloe vera, papain enzyme and honey. “Arborvitae’s unique formulation of natural ingredients provides a potent supplement and is based on years of research into the impact of inflammation in the human body,” Howell says. The company’s main product, Arborvitae Joint Health, may help provide relief from symptoms of mild-moderate arthritis, joint pain, inflammation, soreness and stiffness. ‘‘Arborvitae does make a difference, and that has been supported by over 160 clinical trials on its main ingredient Pycnogenol across a broad range of conditions and Arborvitae’s own clinical study,” Howell says. The recent clinical study on Arborvitae Joint Health has shown some exceptional results with pain relief (66% decrease in pain test scores), a 50% increase in walking distance, a 56% decrease in inflammation in blood tests (CRP), a 78% reduction in their use of on-demand medications and a 50% improvement in quality-of-life scores. <img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-71490" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2024/10/Infographic_1280.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="899" /> “The customer feedback we receive also demonstrates the product's efficacy and enables us to provide real examples of its success when speaking with customers,” Brendan Howell said. As an example, Tracy from All Sort Cakes in Sydney is a regular Arborvitae customer and states: “Arborvitae has been a game changer for me. I’ve suffered with sore hands for years and I probably don’t have to tell all of you fellow cake makers how debilitating it can be. A friend suggested I try Arborvitae. So the first bottle I wasn’t sure but I was told to wait till I finish the second bottle to feel the full effects. And yep! Omg!!! The pain all but disappeared.” <img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-71488" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/2024/10/Tracy-Wilson-May-2023_1280.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="1477" /> Whilst Gary from Kenthurst, another regular customer, states: “To be told at 50 I may need a knee operation one day was an obvious shock. I run a small Forklift Business and 19 months ago became a grandfather, so I need to be mobile. Not wanting an operation at this point I needed an alternative, and what an alternative I found. In obvious pain I started my Arborvitae Joint Health treatment and after 2 weeks my pain and swelling had reduced. Now my pain is gone. If I am going to have a big day in the yard or in the bobcat I make sure I take my Arborvitae Joint Health first. What a fabulous product this is. No one should go through life in pain and I will tell anyone that will listen - if you have early onset mild Osteo Arthritis start taking Arborvitae Joint Health it has certainly helped me, and I can keep up with my grandson Max.” <img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-71487" src="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Gary-copy-holding-new-blue-bottle_770.jpg" alt="" width="770" height="482" /> Arborvitae’s main product is Arborvitae Joint Health, however the other stars in the range are Arborvitae Health and Wellbeing Supplement for blood glucose, cholesterol and the immune system and Arborvitae Cognitive Function, Memory and Eye Health. Mr Howell said the natural anti-inflammatory comes in an easy to take daily liquid supplement that has been designed to reset the immune system and bring down inflammation in the body quickly and efficiently. The inflammation reduction (of 56%) at the cellular level is confirmed by the CRP results in the recent clinical study. This reduction in inflammation alone is significant. Supplements are sold via Arborvitae’s website and at over 2000 chemists and health food shops Australia wide – including Chemist Warehouse, TerryWhite Chemmart and Blooms The Chemist. To find the closest store near you, visit <a href="http://www.arborvitae.com.au/pages/where-to-buy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.arborvitae.com.au/pages/where-to-buy</a> To find out more on the clinical study and Arborvitae’s health supplements you can visit the website: <a href="http://www.arborvitae.com.au" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.arborvitae.com.au</a> or call 1300 879 863. Always read the label and follow the directions for use. Images: Courtesy of Arborvitae This is a sponsored article produced in partnership with Arborvitae

Body

Is cracking your knuckles bad for you?

Snap. Crackle. Pop. No, it’s not the cereal, it’s tribonucleation, the technical term for cracking your knuckles. Whether done out of habit, stress or just because it feels good, you’ve likely been warned by someone who means well (or has just had enough of the sound) that it will give you arthritis. But their warning doesn’t have much merit, according to most medical professionals. One doctor was so eager to prove his nagging family wrong that he cracked the knuckles in his left hand at least 36,500 times (by his count) for over 50 years while leaving his right hand untouched. Dr Donald Unger, an allergist, did this in the name of science, though he seems to have been at least as motivated by an eventual “I told you so”. Publishing his findings in a letter to the scientific journal Arthritis & Rheumatology in 2004, he said that “There was no arthritis in either hand, and no apparent differences between the two hands.” His findings are, of course, anecdotal, although often cited by professionals in the field. But do they mean that there are no side effects to cracking your knuckles (or other parts of your body for that matter)? Is cracking your knuckles bad for you? “As best we understand, it seems to be neutral,” says Dr Erin Brown, a clinical professor at the University of British Columbia. “There’s not a lot of research about this,” he adds, but “other studies have not found that it’s associated with arthritis.” Despite this, the popping noise can be disconcerting/annoying for some. What is the sound we hear when someone cracks a knuckle or other joint? It has to do with gas bubbles that form in the synovial fluid, which lubricates your joints, when two solid surfaces (i.e. your bones) move apart temporarily, creating a sort of suction. There’s been some debate over the years over whether the sound happens when that gas bubble bursts or when it’s formed. Recent studies using MRIs show that these little gas bubbles persist even after the ‘pop’ has been heard, suggesting that it’s the creation of the bubbles that makes the noise. Listen up! And if you’re one of the people irritated by the sound, that could be because mathematicians have found that the sound produced by cracking your knuckles can reach up to 83 decibels, which is louder than the average radio and similar to city traffic from inside a car. Whether you love it or hate it, up to 45 percent of you do it, and many describe a feeling of relief from doing so. Some of that could be because after a joint is cracked, there’s a slightly increased range of motion, so you feel more flexible. Of course, there are some things to watch—er, listen—out for. Should I be worried about hearing other bones crack? “As you get older, a lot of us have knees or something else that creaks. You sit down and you get up and you can hear them snapping and cracking. That’s a different thing,” says Dr Brown. “That is the bones actually rubbing against each other, and that can be a sign of wear and tear.” He also mentions that while he’s never seen it, there have been odd cases where someone can dislocate a joint when it pops out of place. But when it comes to basic knuckle cracking, however, Dr Brown assures us that if it feels okay, we’re free to keep doing it. Still, if you’re cracking any part of your body, heed the doctor’s orders – if it “doesn’t feel right, then it’s probably worth having assessed because it could be something else.” Image credits: Getty Images This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/healthsmart/is-cracking-your-knuckles-bad-for-you" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>.

Body

Sore joints now it’s getting cold? It’s tempting to be less active – but doing more could help you feel better

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/charlotte-ganderton-1170940">Charlotte Ganderton</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/rmit-university-1063">RMIT University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/inge-gnatt-1425767">Inge Gnatt</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/swinburne-university-of-technology-767">Swinburne University of Technology</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/matthew-king-1177304">Matthew King</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/la-trobe-university-842">La Trobe University</a> <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/topics/chronic-conditions/what-were-doing-about-chronic-conditions/what-were-doing-about-musculoskeletal-conditions#:%7E:text=In%20Australia%3A,stiff%2C%20painful%2C%20swollen%20or%20deformed">One in three</a> Australians has a musculoskeletal condition involving joint pain, and the most common cause is arthritis. Around <a href="https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/1in7witharthritis/">3.6 million</a> Australians have arthritis and this is projected to rise to <a href="https://www.arthritiswa.org.au/arthritis/australians-in-the-dark-with-arthritis-one-of-our-most-prevalent-and-costly-diseases/#:%7E:text=Arthritis%20is%20a%20leading%20cause,to%205.4%20million%20by%202030">5.4 million by 2030</a>. For some people with joint pain, cold weather <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-66">seems to make it worse</a>. But temperature <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00010-X">is just one factor</a> impacting perceptions of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001776">greater pain</a> during winter. Other factors include those we have some level of influence over, including <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-019-02067-z">sleep</a>, <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00702-019-02067-z">behavioural patterns, mood</a> and <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41598-019-44664-8.pdf">physical activity</a>. Emerging research suggests greater pain levels in winter may also be related to a person’s <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216902">perception of the weather</a>, lack of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2010.05.030">vitamin D</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kel414">fluctuations in their disease</a>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1191">Physical activity</a> is one of the best treatments to increase function, strength and mobility – and improve quality of life. It also <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1191">promotes</a> mental and physical health and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1466853X21000304?via%3Dihub">reduces the risk</a> of other chronic diseases. But pain can be a barrier to exercise and activities you’d usually do. So what can you do about it? <h2>Our brain tries to protect us</h2> When it comes to pain, our brain is very protective: it’s like an inbuilt alarm system and can warn us about impending danger or harm that has occurred so we can respond. But it’s not always a reliable indicator of actual damage or trauma to the skin, muscle or bone, even when it feels like it is. In some instances, this warning system can become unhelpful by setting off “false alarms”. Joint pain and stiffness can also appear to worsen during colder weather, prompting <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/26335565221100172">fears</a> we could <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25151">make it worse</a> if we undertake or overdo movement. This <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.07.007">can result in</a> people avoiding physical activity – even when it would be beneficial – which can worsen the pain. <h2>We tend to exercise less when it’s cold</h2> Seasons <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.007">affect</a> how much physical activity we get. Summer months bring warmer weather, longer daylight hours and people get outdoors more. Warmer weather also tends to elicit a positive outlook, a lift in mood and burst of physical activity to fulfil New Year’s resolutions. Cooler months can mean a decline in physical activity and more time being cosy indoors. A reduction in movement and less exposure to light may evoke higher levels of joint pain and can be associated with a reduction in our overall sense of well-being and mood. This can create a cycle where symptoms worsen over time. <figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/526947/original/file-20230518-19-gzmuv8.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Older woman exercises with weights" /><figcaption></figcaption>But with the right knowledge and support, people <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2126473">can remain engaged in an active lifestyle</a> especially when it’s aligned to personal values and goals. Health professionals such as physiotherapists and GPs can assess any concerns and provide strategies that are right for you.</figure> <h2>How to motivate yourself to stay active in winter</h2> When looking for an approach to help you stay active during the cooler months and beyond, it can be helpful to become aware of the many <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1191">interconnected factors</a> that impact you. They include: <ul> <li>biological (your genes, other illnesses you have)</li> <li>psychological (how you think, feel and behave)</li> <li>social (your relationships and social support).</li> </ul> Starting with the end goal in mind can be beneficial, but this can feel overwhelming. Try creating smaller, achievable steps to help get you there, like climbing a ladder. For example, park a short distance from the shops and increase this incrementally to increase your exercise tolerance. A little bit each day can often be less tolling on your body than a big effort once a week. Create goals that are personally meaningful and encourage you to celebrate success along the way (for example, catching up with friends or a healthy snack). Then, as you climb your “ladder”, one rung at a time, you will likely feel more motivated to continue. If you’re not sure where to start, talk to a friend or health provider to help you determine what is realistic and right for your situation. That way you can <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1191">work towards your goals in a safe, non-threatening environment</a> and avoid developing fear and avoidance. They can also help you establish goals that align with your aspirations and pain experience.<img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/200911/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /> Image credit: Shutterstock <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/charlotte-ganderton-1170940">Charlotte Ganderton</a>, Senior Lecturer (Physiotherapy), <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/rmit-university-1063">RMIT University</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/inge-gnatt-1425767">Inge Gnatt</a>, Lecturer (Psychology), Provisional Psychologist, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/swinburne-university-of-technology-767">Swinburne University of Technology</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/matthew-king-1177304">Matthew King</a>, Lecturer, Research Fellow, and Physiotherapist, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/la-trobe-university-842">La Trobe University</a> This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/sore-joints-now-its-getting-cold-its-tempting-to-be-less-active-but-doing-more-could-help-you-feel-better-200911">original article</a>.

Body

What’s happening when our joints crack?

<div> <div class="copy"> We’ve all had the experience of standing up and hearing a loud pop in our back or hip, or trying to tiptoe through the house only to have our foot make a cracking sound each time we take a step. So what’s happening in our joints when this happens, and is it a bad sign? What if we purposefully crack our knuckles? Will we get arthritis like our parents used to tell us? The noise we hear when our joints pop is likely to be due to movement of the tendon over bone. Tendons attach muscles to bones and are a bit like elastic bands that stretch over joints. It is thought tendons can make a popping noise when they move quickly across a joint. When a joint moves, the position of the tendon changes relative to the joint. Sometimes the tendon will shift its position slightly, causing it to make that popping sound as it snaps back to its normal place. This noise is quite normal whether it’s loud or soft, or happens frequently or not. The chronic degeneration of joint cartilage, known as osteoarthritis, leads to stiffness and reduced mobility of the joint. When this cartilage is damaged the surfaces of the bones rub against each other during movement, causing pain. Many factors contribute to arthritis, and people experience joint pain for many possible reasons, including genetics, age, weight and previous injury. Several causes of osteoarthritis have been identified and preventative strategies need to be developed. But, as far as the question of a causal link between joint cracking and osteoarthritis, there doesn’t appear to be any compelling evidence. If you’ve experienced any pain or swelling of the joint when it cracks, this should be assessed by a doctor as there may be abnormalities in the joint structures such as loose cartilage or an injury to ligaments. If the joint locks or gets stuck when it cracks this may also be an indication of an underlying problem and should also be assessed by a doctor. <h2>Is cracking my knuckles bad for me?</h2> Knuckle cracking is a habitual behaviour involving manipulation of the finger joints. For a long time, it has been suggested cracking your knuckles will increase the likelihood of developing arthritis later in life. Although this idea has persisted across generations, only in recent decades has any research looked scientifically at the question of the consequences of knuckle cracking. Synovial fluid is a substance found in the cavities of joints. It has a consistency similar to egg white and its purpose is to lubricate the joint to reduce friction during movement. <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1129752/" target="_blank">Early research suggested</a> when the joint is extended the pressure within the joint is greatly reduced, causing gases dissolved in the synovial fluid to form microscopic bubbles or cavities. Eventually, joint fluid rushes into the areas of low pressure and the larger bubbles collapse, or pop, producing that familiar sound. In 2015, <a rel="noopener" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119470" target="_blank">a group of researchers from Canada</a> used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the mechanisms of knuckle cracking. They concluded knuckle cracking occurs as a result of formation of space in the synovial fluid in the form of bubbles rather than the collapse of the bubbles due to synovial fluid rapidly filling the space, debunking the previously held notion. Donald L. Unger was a medical doctor who was curious about the long-term effects of knuckle cracking, so he cracked the knuckles of one hand only for 60 years. He found there was no difference in the amount of arthritis between his hands at the end of this time. There has been some formal research on the topic. An <a rel="noopener" href="http://ard.bmj.com/content/49/5/308" target="_blank">early paper from 1990</a> found cracking the knuckles over a long period was associated with swelling and reduced grip strength in some people. However, the authors found no difference in arthritis of the hands between people who habitually cracked their knuckles and those who didn’t. A <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383216" target="_blank">2011 study</a> assessed radiographs of people, aged 50 to 89 years, according to the frequency of their knuckle-cracking behaviour. Again, the prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hands was similar between people who cracked their knuckles often and those who did so rarely. So knuckle cracking doesn’t cause any harm and equally has no apparent benefit. To quote a <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1129752/" target="_blank">study</a> on habitual knuckle cracking: The chief morbid consequence of knuckle cracking would appear to be its annoying effect on the observer. <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/andrew-lavender-219133" target="_blank"></a>Image credit: Shutterstock </div> <div id="contributors"> This article was originally published on <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/science/biology/whats-happening-when-our-joints-crack-and-is-it-bad/" target="_blank">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by The Conversation. </div> </div>

Body

Alcohol does not help with arthritis

<div> <div class="copy"> Previous studies indicating that alcohol consumption may lessen the pain and inconvenience of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are victims of flawed interpretation, the authors of a new paper assert. Writing in the <a rel="noopener" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21514658" target="_blank">journal</a> Arthritis Care & Research, researchers led by Joshua Baker of the University of Pennsylvania, US, examined the records of 16,762 RA patients and concluded that any link between alcohol and disease management was more illusory than real. Although results are by no means unanimous, in the past few years there have been <a rel="noopener" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20667949" target="_blank">enough studies</a> published indicating that moderate boozing makes life easier for RA sufferers for the idea to have taken root as common wisdom. Looking at the progression of RA over time, and the influence of factors such as other illnesses, Baker and colleagues conclude that the apparent positive link between alcohol and quality of life can be explained as the result of “reverse causation” – that is, previous studies have confused cause with effect. Analysing a total of 121,280 observations made within the cohort, the researchers found that as RA became more severe patients were likely to give up, rather than maintain or increase, alcohol consumption. Similarly, a host of other factors also meant some RA sufferers were more likely to give up the booze, while others were unlikely to start. “Greater discontinuation and less initiation were observed with greater disease activity, older age, female sex, non-white race, obesity, greater comorbidity, low quality of life, low educational level, low income, and work disability,” they write. In addition, they note, alcohol consumption is often not a static matter, but changes according to time, age and circumstance. A problem in analysis arises, therefore, if initial estimates are not updated. “If severely affected individuals are more likely to discontinue alcohol use over time, studies that consider alcohol use at a fixed point in time, perhaps at enrolment in a disease registry, are likely to identify a protective association of alcohol use when one, in fact, does not exist,” the researchers write. The new analysis paints a very different picture to the one often presented as beyond question. Rather than turn to alcohol for therapeutic relief when RA becomes severe, the study found that “higher disease activity is associated with subsequent discontinuation of alcohol use and a lower likelihood of initiating use”. “In this study,” the authors conclude, “active use and recent changes in alcohol use were not found to be associated with disease activity or death when considering confounding factors, suggesting no clear benefit of moderate alcohol consumption in RA.” Image credit: Shutterstock  <img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=24514&title=Alcohol+does+not+help+with+arthritis" alt="" width="1" height="1" />  </div> <div id="contributors"> This article was originally published on <a rel="noopener" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/contrary-to-folklore-alcohol-does-not-help-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/" target="_blank">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Andrew Masterson. </div> </div>

Body

Malaria and arthritis drugs touted as potential coronavirus “cure”

Pharmacists have been ordered to stop dispensing two drugs touted as potential “cures” for the new coronavirus. Australian pharmacies saw a major rush for old malaria drugs hydroxychloroquine – sold as Plaquenil – and chloroquine after US President Donald Trump touted the medications as a “game changer” in a press conference last week. The comment was based on a recent <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/186Bel9RqfsmEx55FDum4xY_IlWSHnGbj/view">patient trial of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 conducted in Marseilles</a>, France, which reported “<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/marybethpfeiffer/2020/03/18/science-works-to-use-old-cheap-drugs-to-attack-coronavirus--it-might-just-work/#481669275c49">encouraging</a>” early results. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia president Chris Freeman said the unprecedented demand for the drugs in pharmacies across Australia created a shortage for patients who actually needed them. The two medications are also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Freeman said despite “positive signals” from the trial, people should not “buy into the hype”. “I think the worst thing that could happen is people start using these medicines in the hope it will prevent the virus, and then relax on other measures to prevent [it],” Freeman told the <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-23/malaria-drugs-labelled-early-coronavirus-covid19-cures-treatment/12081306">ABC</a>. Freeman has asked pharmacists to keep their supplies of hydroxychloroquine safe. “We’re calling all prescribers to stop prescribing these in the short term until we have some more evidence on whether these medicines are effective in these conditions and are safe to do so,” he said. The Australian Medical Association have also supported the pharmacists’ call for GPs and doctors to stop prescribing the drug. The trial, which studied 36 patients, found that 70 per cent of the hydroxychloroquine-treated group tested negative to the virus at day 6. Ying Zhang, a professor of microbiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said the Marseilles study had “potentially interesting and justified” findings, but was limited by a small sample size and a <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/marybethpfeiffer/2020/03/22/one-patient-dodges-a-covid-bullet-is-she-a-harbinger-or-outlier/#8762c745b843">short treatment and follow-up duration</a>. Christian Perronne, a infectious diseases physician at Greater Paris University Hospitals, said the results were “very encouraging” but added: “I agree with authorities and colleagues that, before recommending this treatment on a large scale, this efficacy should be further studied on a bigger number of patients with a longer follow-up.” According to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/3/20/21188433/coronavirus-hydroxychloroquine-chloroquine-covid-19-treatment">Vox</a>, at least <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=COvid-19&term=hydroxychloroquine&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=">six clinical trials for hydroxychloroquine</a> are enrolling patients or in planning stages around the world.

Body

Getting to grips with arthritis

Arthritis is one of the most prevalent health conditions in the country with over 3 million Australians affected by around 120 different forms of this disease. Apart from the chronic pain and restriction of movement it inflicts on the sufferer, it also costs the country billions in medical care and lost productivity due to the incapacity it causes. Those who suffer from one of the multitude of arthritic conditions will attest to the restrictions it can place on even the most basic of daily tasks, such as driving, cooking and walking. The most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and gout, which together account for more than 95 per cent of cases in Australia. There is no cure at the moment, but there are many approaches that can be used to manage the symptoms and effects, involving a range of health professionals. Drug treatment options A range of drugs may be used to treat the pain and restriction of movement that arthritis causes. These range from analgesic pain relieving drugs to anti-inflammatories. The potential side effects of long term use make it essential to have your doctor closely monitor and manage any drug regime, but it is also important to educate yourself about the correct way to use them and the possible side effects. It’s not just doctors involved in treatment While your GP may be the central contact in the management of the condition, there are a range of other health professionals who may be involved in providing more holistic care. This can include dietitians, physiotherapists, pharmacists, occupational therapists, psychologists and podiatrists. Can diet help? There are certainly no magic bullets when it comes to arthritis, so you should be wary of any supplements or specific diets that promise dramatic results. Contrary to popular belief, there are no specific foods that directly cause arthritis (except perhaps for gout). As an example, some have suggested that foods such tomatoes and capsicums have an adverse effect on arthritis, but there is very little research evidence to back this up. Omega-3 fats found in foods such as oily fish may have some anti-inflammatory properties that may help, but the general rule when it comes to diet is to keep it balanced and healthy to maintain general health and reduce weight. Excess weight can be a contributing factor to the onset of arthritis because of the stress it puts on joints and lower back, so losing weight may be a dietary priority. Exercise can help too The pain and restriction of movement that arthritis causes may lead the sufferer to believe that exercise may potentially worsen their condition. While exercise may involve some pain, research indicates that physical activity is not going to risk additional damage and can be an important part of managing your symptoms. Exercise can strengthen muscles, improved support of joints, reduced stress and assist better sleep, so its significance should not be neglected. The level and type of exercise needs to be appropriate for your fitness level and mobility, so it is important to consult your doctor or physiotherapist about what is suitable for you. Low impact exercise with less force going through the joints is general more comfortable, so activities such as Pilates, tai chi, yoga, cycling, walking and hydrotherapy may be the most appropriate. Surgery is possible in some cases If the pain and impact on performing daily activities becomes overwhelming and if drug and other treatments are not providing acceptable results, then surgery may be an option to repair or remove offending tissue or even to repair or realign bones. Any surgery carries inherent risks and needs to be considered carefully in consultation with your doctor and the specialist surgeon to determine whether there is good potential for improvement and to assess the other risks surrounding surgery in your particular situation. Written by Tom Raeside. Republished with permission of <a href="https://www.wyza.com.au/articles/health/getting-to-grips-with-arthritis.aspx">Wyza.com.au.</a>

Beauty & Style

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Arthritis is a broad term to describe inflammation of the joints which become swollen and painful. There are many <a href="https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/what-is-arthritis/types-of-arthritis/">different kinds</a>. <a href="https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/types-of-arthritis/osteoarthritis/">Osteoarthritis</a>, the most common, is caused by wear and tear. This is <a href="https://painhealth.csse.uwa.edu.au/pain-module/rheumatoid-arthritis/">followed by</a> rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition where the person’s immune system mistakenly attacks and damages its own joints and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568997211001923">other organs</a>. Rheumatoid arthritis is relatively common, affecting around <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673616301738">one in 100 people</a>, including young people and even children. Twenty-nine-year-old Danish tennis player Caroline Wozniacki <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-26/caroline-wozniacki-diagnosed-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/10432300">told fans last year she was diagnosed with this condition</a>. Earlier in 2018, she had won the Australian Open, then struggled with unexplained symptoms. <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-lang="en"> "I got diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and it was something I'd been battling with, I wasn't really sure what was going on" - <a href="https://twitter.com/CaroWozniacki?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@carowozniacki</a> <a href="https://t.co/frqBS9GFBw">pic.twitter.com/frqBS9GFBw</a> — #AusOpen (@AustralianOpen) <a href="https://twitter.com/AustralianOpen/status/1083496377559076864?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 10, 2019</a></blockquote> Researchers do not fully know what causes rheumatoid arthritis, but suspect certain genes may trigger it when combined with environmental and lifestyle <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673616301738">factors</a> such as smoking or infections. How does it feel? People commonly experience joint pain, but it is particularly bad in the mornings and when they rest. Joints in the hands, feet, wrists, elbows, knees and ankles may be stiff for hours at a time. But unlike osteoarthritis, the pain can actually get better with movement. If the inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis is not controlled, people experience joint pain, stiffness, fatigue and can almost feel like they have the flu. The inflammation can lead to damage to the bones and cartilage (cushion) in joints causing deformity and disability. This can affect work, and social and family life. In <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568997211001923">18% to 41% of patients</a>, the condition can cause inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the lungs (this may cause a condition called interstitial lung disease) and the blood vessels (leading to a condition called vasculitis). People with severe rheumatoid arthritis also have an <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hon.2525">increased risk of developing lymphoma</a>, a type of cancer of the lymphatic system, which helps rid the body of toxic waste. How is it diagnosed? When a GP suspects someone has rheumatoid arthritis, the patient is referred to a rheumatologist for a detailed physical examination focusing on joint pain, tenderness, swelling and stiffness. The patient will have some routine blood tests to look for signs of inflammation and “autoimmunity” – <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6287017/">antibodies directed against the patient’s own tissues</a>. The person may also have an x-ray of the affected joints (if the symptoms have been present for more than three months) to look for signs of cartilage thinning and bone erosion (small bites out of the bone). Ultrasound and MRI are less useful for <a href="https://advancesinrheumatology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42358-018-0023-y">diagnosis</a>, but can sometimes be used to monitor the condition. How is it treated? While there is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, medicines can effectively control the condition and stop visible signs of damage. With good treatment, it’s now very rare to see deformed joints or people in wheel chairs. Treatments should start as early as possible and will vary according to how active and severe the condition is. Some people need only a small amount of medicine whereas others will try many different medicines, sometimes in combination. Because the immune system is overactive and mistaken in its target, the treatment approach is to dampen the immune response. Initial treatment may include a low dose of steroids called prednisolone, as well as an immune-suppressing drug such as <a href="https://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/treatments/medication/drug-types/disease-modifying-drugs/methotrexate-side-effects.php">methotrexate</a> or <a href="https://rheumatology.org.au/patients/documents/Leflunomide_2016_Oct2016_000.pdf">leflunomide</a>, to control the inflammation. If the condition is not controlled by these drugs, then other medicines, mostly injections, called “<a href="https://arthritisaustralia.com.au/things-to-consider-when-taking-a-biologic/">biological</a>” drugs, can be added. These mimic substances naturally produced by the body and block specific substances in the immune system. Very recently, some newer tablets have been approved for rheumatoid arthritis. Pain management may also be needed with medicines like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Inflamed, swollen joints can also periodically be treated by local joint injection of steroids. People with rheumatoid arthritis will also greatly benefit from physiotherapy and occupational therapy. They will learn exercises to maintain joint flexibility, as well as alternative ways to perform daily tasks that may be difficult or painful. But the fatigue is very difficult to treat. Gentle graduated exercise programs, a good healthy diet, understanding of the condition and its treatment, as well as psychological support, can help with fatigue. Most people with rheumatoid arthritis can no longer be distinguished from people without the condition and live full and active lives. However, for a small percentage of unlucky patients who have aggressive disease or cannot tolerate any of the medicines, the course can be more difficult. Written by Fabien B. Vincent, Research Fellow; Rheumatology Research Group, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University and Michelle Leech, Rheumatologist, Professor/Director Monash Medical Course/ Deputy Dean Health Faculty, Monash University. Republished with permission of <a rel="noopener" href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-rheumatoid-arthritis-the-condition-tennis-champion-caroline-wozniacki-lives-with-119537" target="_blank">The Conversation</a>.

Body

5 arthritis myths busted

Arthritis myth 1: you can't exercise If you have arthritis, the right fitness programme could help you get relief from your symptoms by improving strength, balance, flexibility and range of motion. “If you have arthritis, it’s important to stay as active as you can,” says physiotherapist Karen Gordon. TIP: Experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise five days a week. Dust off your bike, buy a new bathing suit, start strength training – get moving in the ways that bring you the most happiness. Arthritis myth 2: exercise produces joint pain The more sedentary you are, the more things are going to hurt. Exercise helps by building strength and flexibility and controlling weight, says Gordon. One less kilogram on the scale equals four kilograms less pressure on your knees. Alternate easy days with more challenging days. Gordon suggests swimming or using an exercise bike when pain is more bothersome. TIP: To help with painful, swollen knees, wear a brace. Stiffness could be a sign you need to start moving to lubricate your joints. Always consult a healthcare professional prior to starting an exercise regimen. Arthritis myth 3: pain is always a bad thing It’s better to regard pain as a signal to pay attention. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help relieve soreness after exercise; taking them beforehand may mask the instructive sensation you need to feel to judge when to stop. TIP: Stop what you’re doing if joint pain increases after five or ten minutes, says Gordon. Burning discomfort in the muscles, however, is a good thing. Arthritis myth 4: exercise puts joints at risk Exercise strengthens joint-supporting muscles. Movement lubricates squeaky joints, strengthens muscles and increases flexibility, which all improve quality of life – and not just for those with arthritis. TIP: Studies show weight-bearing exercise – walking, jogging or lifting weights – produces the healthiest knee cartilage. If sore joints are impeding your workout, you can still head for the pool, where you can jog, squat and do lunges in the water. Arthritis myth 5: follow a restrictive exercise regime Arthritis sufferers can engage safely in a variety of physical activities. Low-impact activities such as swimming, aquatic exercise, cycling and walking are excellent options. But, so too is running – if it doesn’t cause you pain when you do it or for days afterwards. Listen to your joints and make appropriate modifications. TIP: As a rule, walk, don’t run if you have osteoarthritis, and avoid high-impact, twisting racquet sports. Written by Flannery Dean. This article first appeared in <a href="http://www.readersdigest.com.au/healthsmart/conditions/5-arthritis-myths-busted?items_per_page=All">Reader’s Digest.</a> For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&utm_medium=articles&utm_campaign=RDSUB&keycode=WRA87V">here’s our best subscription offer.</a> <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&utm_medium=articles&utm_campaign=RDSUB&keycode=WRN87V"></a><img style="width: 100px !important; height: 100px !important;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7820640/1.png" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f30947086c8e47b89cb076eb5bb9b3e2" />

Retirement Life

“It was very debilitating”: Georgie Parker reveals she’s recovering from serious surgery

Home and Away star Georgie Parker has opened up about getting a hip replacement at the age of 53. Speaking with Kylie Gillies and Larry Emdur on The Morning Show, the actress revealed she had undergone hip replacement surgery due to osteoarthritis. “I hid it as well as I could,” she told the co-hosts. “I have scoliosis as well, so I’m working with that as well is the hip, and unfortunately, when the hip loses that movement, everything is compromised.” The star, who has played Summer Bay's Roo Stewart for close to a decade, called the process “debilitating”. “You have to think about how you sit, stand, how you get up. And when you are an actor, your body is your tool, so it was very debilitating really,” she said. Georgie says her good friend and co-star Ray Meagher was by her side for her recovery. “I had Ray visiting me, sending me flowers and chocolates. Everybody was messaging me a lot, so it was a real sense of family. “I felt very loved and getting messages saying that they love me and miss me. It was really sweet,” she said. Despite the surgery taking a lot out of her, she’s just happy to back. “I’m glad I have my instrument back,” she said. The actress has previously discussed her arthritis, saying that she's not letting her illness define her. “Physical obstacles really don't have to define you. There is pain and there is discomfort and there will be medical intervention,” she told New Idea. “But there is always a way of finding a challenge and making that challenge make you a better person. That's what I think.”

Body

4 tips for starting yoga if you suffer arthritis

Tracy Adshead is a yoga teacher specialising in yoga for seniors. She is passionate about bringing healing and healthy ageing to the community. Yoga can help to ease arthritis by gently increasing range of motion and movement through exercising all the joints. Yoga is not only safe for the muscles and ligaments it also stimulates the production of feel-good hormones that can help to reduce pain. One of the great benefits of reducing stress and pain is better sleep. If you are based in Brisbane, you might start with Aqua Yoga classes (taught in a swimming pool) where weightlessness is beneficial for arthritic joints - sounds great but skip the forward bends! If you have arthritis, consider these guidelines before starting: 1. Delay your practice until later in the day – With some types of arthritis joints tend to be stiffer in the morning so give your muscles and joints time to loosen and wait until later in the day. Only you can tell when yoga will feel the best for you so listen to your body and practice yoga at the most comfortable time for you. 2. Go easy – Give those big full-on movements a miss as they might aggravate the joints. 3. Keep moving – A gentle flowing style of yoga class where postures are not held for longer periods of time is really best. Holding postures for those people with arthritis maybe painful. You may decide to gently move in and out of a posture as an alternative. Look for yoga teacher that understands your limitations. 4. Check with your doctor about flare-ups – When your joints are hurting you may be able to do some yoga but only for a shorter length of time. If you are interested in trying yoga, please talk to your doctor before starting and when you get to class tell the teacher about your condition so that they can discuss modifications to the postures that will help you stay comfortable. Remember you can always practice meditation and pranayama (breathing techniques) instead to gain the mind and body benefits. For more, follow Tracy on Facebook <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/%20https:/www.facebook.com/TracyChairYoga/?hc_ref=SEARCH&fref=nf" target="_blank">here</a>.

Body

Voltaren taken to court after misleading arthritis sufferers

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has taken the makers of Voltaren to court over misleading claims regarding arthritis pain relief. A year after slugging Nurofen with a $6 million fine for misleading customers, the ACCC has taken aim at Voltaren for essentially the same issue, alleging the drugmakers misled customers in the marketing of the Voltaren Emulgel and Osteo Gel pain relief products. Osteo Gel is marketed as being specifically formulated to treat osteoarthritis conditions and is $3 more expensive than Emulgel, but contains the exact same ingredients. The head of the ACCC Rod Sims said he was “disappointed” the consumer watchdog had to take action, particularly after last year’s incident with Nurofen. “We’re so disappointed that having taken the Nurofen case, with all of the publicity around it, that we find this sort of behaviour still continuing,” Mr Sims said. The ACCC boss added this case raises concerns that the pharmaceutical companies were trying to exploit older, vulnerable consumers. “We’re always concerned with conduct that affects consumers who could be seen as slightly more vulnerable,” he said. “What was happening here is that they were saying you’ve got a product that is specifically formulated for treating osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees and fingers, and indeed saying that also it’s more effective than Emulgel. “Our concerns were not only that consumers were paying more for Osteo Gel, but they could actually buy both products and have them in their medical cabinet, thinking they treat different things.” A spokesperson for GSK, the parent company that manufactures Voltaren brand products, responded to the ACCC’s allegations in a statement: “We are disappointed the ACCC has decided to commence proceedings against us. “We have been cooperating with them and proactively trying to understand their concerns related to our products, however to date they have not provided clarity about the basis for their concern.” What are your thoughts? Do you think there are problems with the way these pain relief products are marketed?

Caring

30 foods scientifically proven to beat arthritis

According to the <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-statistics/health-conditions-disability-deaths/arthritis-musculoskeletal-conditions/overview" target="_blank">Australian Institute of Health and Welfare</a>, 30 per cent of us suffer arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions – that’s almost 7 million people! And while there’s no way to cure it entirely, certain diet and lifestyle changes can ease the pain and even stop it worsening. A review of scientific studies on arthritis from KIIT University in India has identified the 30 foods from eight food groups that could hold the key to slowing down arthritis. How many are in your diet? <ol> <li>Fruits – Dried plums, grapefruit, grapes, blueberries, pomegranate, mango, bananas, peaches and apples.</li> <li>Whole grains and cereals – Wheat, rice, oats, corn, rye, barley, millets, sorghum and canary seed.</li> <li>Oils – Olive oil, fish oil and borage seed oil.</li> <li>Dairy – Yoghurt (curd).</li> <li>Legumes – Black soybean, black gram.</li> <li>Herbs – Sallaki and ashwagandha.</li> <li>Spices – Ginger and turmeric.</li> <li>Tea – Green tea and basil (tulsi) tea.</li> </ol> “Regular consumption of specific dietary fibres, vegetables, fruits and spices, as well as the elimination of components that cause inflammation and damage, can help patients to manage the effects of rheumatoid arthritis,” study author Dr Bhawna Gupta said. “Incorporating probiotics into the diet can also reduce the progression and symptoms of this disease. “Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis should switch from omnivorous diets, drinking alcohol and smoking to Mediterranean, vegan, elemental or elimination diets, as advised by their doctor or dietician.” Tell us in the comments below, do you suffer from arthritis? What lifestyle changes have you made to treat it?

Body

5 tips for safe driving with arthritis

Arthritis is one of the major causes of disability and chronic pain in Australia. As <a href="http://www.arthritisaustralia.com.au/" target="_blank">Arthritis Australia</a> notes, “As the population ages, the number of people with arthritis is growing. According to leading researcher Access Economics, current trends suggest that, by 2050, 7 million Australians will suffer from some form of arthritis.” So how does someone suffering from arthritis get from point A to point B? Well, it’s a matter of managing your symptoms, understanding your limitations and being aware of how these may restrict your ability to operate an automobile. While you should always follow your GP’s advice, here are five tips for safe driving for someone suffering from arthritis. 1. Report your condition As <a href="https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/" target="_blank">Vic Roads</a> notes, “Driving is a privilege, which brings responsibilities. One of those responsibilities is to ensure that you are capable of driving safely.” As a motorist, it’s your responsibility to report any conditions that might impair your ability to operate a vehicle to the appropriate body. Following this you may be required to see a medical professional for an assessment. 2. Consider changes to car control mechanisms There’s no getting around it, arthritis will significantly change your driving style. But modifications to your vehicle can make this much easier to manage. Automated hand, steering, extension and food controls can ease pressure on joints. 3. Consider changes to your driving routine Stuck in the middle of a peak hour gridlock is the last thing you want as an arthritis sufferer, so consider changes to your driving routine and avoid taking to the road when it’s too busy. Also, if you’re ever experience significant pain before you head out, consider an alternate method of transport like public transport. 4. Navigate parking lots with care If you’re unable to find a disabled spot, try to park your vehicle in a place that isn’t too cramped or on a slope, so it can be started easily. If walking isn’t a problem it might even be worth parking further away from the destination so your departure is less stressful. 5. Get the appropriate level of car insurance Should the unthinkable happen, it’s important to know you’re covered. By finding a <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/insurance/car/?utm_source=over60&utm_campaign=insurance&utm_medium=in-article-link-car&utm_content=car-insurance" target="_blank">flexible car insurance policy</a> that can be adapted to suit your needs, you can have peace of mind on the roads and comfort as a senior driver. Whether you’re planning the ultimate grey nomad road trip or simply just looking to pick the grandkids up from school, a reliable vehicle is an important part of senior life. Over60 understands senior drivers, offering a range of car insurance policies that can not only be tailored to meet various people's circumstances, but designed to reward good drivers with competitive prices. To find out how you can get 15 per cent off^ your next car insurance policy with Over60, <a href="http://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/insurance/car/?utm_source=over60&utm_campaign=insurance&utm_medium=in-article-link-car&utm_content=car-insurance" target="_blank">click here</a>.

Insurance

Sir Patrick Stewart admits he uses marijuana everyday

Sir Patrick Stewart has admitted he uses medical marijuana daily to help him manage the pain of his debilitating arthritis symptoms. The 76-year-old veteran actor revealed his usage to support a UK-first research initiative by Oxford University exploring the benefits of cannabis-based medicines. In a statement, Stewart said that he uses an ointment, spray and edible marijuana medicine to help him with his arthritis. “Two years ago, in Los Angeles, I was examined by a doctor and given a note which gave me legal permission to purchase, from a registered outlet, cannabis-based products, which I was advised might help the ortho-arthritis in both my hands. “This, it would seem, is a genetically-based condition. My mother had badly distorted and painful hands. “I purchased an ointment, spray and edibles. The ointment, while providing some relief from the discomfort, was too greasy to use during daytime and so I only use it at night. “It helps with sleep as the pain was reduced. The spray, however, is much more usable and I spray my fingers and particularly my thumb joints several times a day.” Stewart adds: “The spray very quickly evaporates and leaves my hands quite dry, though with a slight burning or tingling sensation, which is not unpleasant. “I believe that the ointment and spray have significantly reduced the stiffness and pain in my hands. “I can make fists, which was not the case before I began this treatment." “I have had no negative side effects from this treatment and the alternative would have been to continue taking NSAID's, Advil, Aleve and Naproxen, which are known to be harsh on the liver and to cause acid reflux. “This is an important step forward for Britain in a field of research that has for too long been held back by prejudice, fear and ignorance. I believe this programme of research might result in benefits for people like myself as well as millions of others.”

Retirement Life

Look after arthritic hips with these 3 easy yoga practices

Tracy Adshead is a yoga teacher specialising in yoga for seniors. She is passionate about bringing healing and healthy ageing to the community. The genius of joints is that the more they move and bend, the more fluid circulates through them increasing the ability for even greater movement – a flawless system. Flawless, that is, until arthritis interrupts. The largest joint in the body is the hip, if you are dealing with osteoarthritis in the hips there’s hopeful news – new research has found that a daily yoga practice can improve arthritic symptoms and put you in a good mood too. The three practices below will help to increase your hip joint range of motion. A word of caution: Hip replacements may feel tight when practicing yoga and post-operative guidelines will be a challenge. It all depends upon the type of surgery you have undergone, whether it was partial hip replacement and so on. Ask your doctor before starting for advice about a safe range of movement. If you feel uncomfortable or lightheaded at any time stop and rest or adjust to a more comfortable position. 1. Forward bend from seated <ul> <li>Sit down on a sturdy kitchen chair, one that is not going to move underneath you.</li> <li>Slide yourself forward to sit on the edge of the chair and then place your knees about hip width apart, your feet hip width apart as well.</li> <li>Place your hands on your knees.</li> <li>Inhale and as you exhale slowly bring your heart down towards your knees, pause wherever is comfortable for you.</li> <li>As you inhale, bring yourself back to upright.</li> <li>Repeat 5 times.</li> </ul> 2. Side angel pose <ul> <li>From seated, take your knees wide and have your toes and your knees pointing in the same direction. Make sure your knees are sitting above your ankle joints.</li> <li>Lean to your left, place your left elbow on to your left knee.</li> <li>Feel free to stay here or inhale your right arm up above your head, fingertips reaching for the ceiling.</li> <li>Take 3 deep breaths and hold the pose. Repeat on the right side of the body.</li> </ul> 3. Hip rotations <ul> <li>Bring the knees back to hip-width-apart.</li> <li>Take a look your right knee, lift your right foot off the floor, take your right knee around in a small circle about the size of a side plate.</li> <li>Try to synchronise the movement with your breath.</li> <li>Go 3 to 5 times in a clockwise movement, the reverse it and go 3 – 5 times in an anti-clockwise movement.</li> <li>As you become comfortable with this practice increase the circles to 7 times in each direction.</li> </ul> This practice takes the hips through the “three degrees of freedom” – forwards and backwards, external rotation of the joint and circular rotation. Collectively helping to increase flexibility and stability. Follow Tracy <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TracyChairYoga/?fref=ts">on Facebook here</a>. Related links: <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2016/05/how-to-improve-your-balance-with-yoga/">How to improve your balance with yoga</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2017/01/easy-yoga-exercises-to-ease-arthritic-knees/%20">3 easy yoga exercises to ease arthritic knees</a> <a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/health/body/2017/01/get-a-good-sleep-during-a-heatwave/%20">How to get a good night’s sleep during a heatwave</a>

Body

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Look after arthritic hips with these 3 easy yoga practices

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