The long-term problems with a B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause a range of symptoms such as tiredness, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss and megaloblastic anaemia. Nerve problems, such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, can also occur.
Other symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include problems with balance, depression, confusion, dementia, memory and soreness of the mouth or tongue. Vitamin B12 deficiency can damage the nervous system even in people who don't have anaemia, so it is important to treat a deficiency as soon as possible.
From a biochemical perspective vitamin B12 plays a critical role in keeping the body's nerve and blood cells healthy and helps make DNA, the genetic material in all cells. It is absorbed in a completely different way from most nutrients, in what is essentially a two-step process.
Firstly, hydrochloric acid in the stomach separates vitamin B12 from the protein to which vitamin B12 is attached in food. After this, vitamin B12 combines with a protein made by the stomach called instrinsic factor and is absorbed by the body. Pernicious anaemia is a condition where the body cannot make intrinsic factor, subsequently these people have trouble absorbing vitamin B12 from all foods and even dietary supplements.
You can also see how making good levels of stomach acid is essential to vitamin B12 status, and this is becoming a problem for more and more people.
Vitamin B12 is found naturally in all animal foods and is added to some vegetable-based processed foods. Plant foods do not contain vitamin B12 unless they are fortified.
If you believe your vitamin B12 deficient seek the advice of your GP, as often a regular B12 injection is required. You can also help to stimulate stomach acid production with apple cider vinegar before eating to see if this assists vitamin B12 levels.
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Written by Libby Weaver. First appeared on Stuff.co.nz.
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